Synthesizing coverage of sensation and reward into a comprehensive systems overview, Neurobiology of Sensation and Reward presents a cutting-edge and multidisciplinary approach to the interplay of sensory and reward processing in the brain. While over the past 70 years these areas have drifted apart, this book makes a case for reuniting sensation and reward by highlighting the important links and interface between the two.

Emphasizing the role of reward in reinforcing behaviors, the book begins with an exploration of the history, ecology, and evolution of sensation and reward. Progressing through the five senses, contributors explore how the brain extracts information from sensory cues. The chapter authors examine how different animal species predict rewards, thereby integrating sensation and reward in learning, focusing on effects in anatomy, physiology, and behavior.

Features

• Synthesizes cutting-edge research by leading investigators in the neurobiology of sensation and reward
• Introduces sensation and reward from a multidisciplinary perspective that includes biology, ecology, evolution, and the history of neuroscience
• Presents critical links between basic and clinical neuroscience through the latest behavioral and pathological findings in humans with behavioral and cognitive impairments in sensation and reward processing
• Explores non-human and human brains, and the very human rewards of art, perfume, and music
• Discusses how the processing of sensory rewards benefits from the presence of a brain

Drawing on empirical research, contributors build on the themes of the book to present insights into the human sensory rewards of perfume, art, and music, setting the scene for further cross-disciplinary collaborations that bridge the neurobiological interface between sensation and reward.

Contents

• Series Preface
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Contributors
• I. First Principles
  • 1. Introduction: From Traditional Fixed Cortical Sensationism to Contemporary Plasticity of Primary Sensory Cortical Representations
    Norman M. Weinberger and Kasia M. Bieszczad.
    • 1.1 SCOPE AND GOALS
    • 1.2 CONCERNING THE TRADITIONAL EXCLUSION OF LEARNING, MEMORY, AND COGNITION FROM PRIMARY SENSORY CORTICES
    • 1.3 ASSOCIATIVE REPRESENTATIONAL PLASTICITY
    • 1.4 AUDITORY CORTICAL PLASTICITY AND LEARNING STRATEGY
    • 1.5 LEARNING STRATEGY TRUMPS LEVEL OF REWARD IN DETERMINING CORTICAL PLASTICITY
    • 1.6 PLASTICITY IN SENSATION MAY DEPEND ON “MATCHING” OF CRITICAL CUES AND NEURONAL RESPONSE PROCLIVITIES
    • 1.7 CONCLUSIONS
    • 1.8 CODA
    • REFERENCES
  • 2. A Brief History of Sensation and Reward
    Lawrence E. Marks.
    • 2.1 INTRODUCTION
    • 2.2 EMPIRICISM AND HEDONISM
    • 2.3 SENSATION AND PLEASURE IN GREEK PHILOSOPHY
    • 2.4 SENSATION AND THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN SCIENCE
    • 2.5 A NEW HEDONISM: UTILITARIANISM
    • 2.6 EMPIRICISM, ASSOCIATIONISM, UTILITARIANISM
    • 2.7 SENSATION AND BIOLOGICAL REGULATION: PHYSIOLOGY AND PSYCHOPHYSICS
    • 2.8 SENSATION, REWARD, AND MOTIVATION
    • 2.9 SENSATION, REWARD, AND THE LAW OF EFFECT
    • 2.10 HOW DO REWARDS REWARD? BRAIN MECHANISMS OF REWARD
    • 2.11 CONCLUSION
    • REFERENCES
  • 3. Reward: What Is It? How Can It Be Inferred from Behavior?
    Norman M. White.
    • 3.1 INTRODUCTION
    • 3.2 THREE REINFORCEMENT PROCESSES
    • 3.3 ANALYSIS OF REINFORCER ACTIONS IN LEARNING TASKS
    • 3.4 SUMMARY
    • REFERENCES
  • 4. What Can Different Brains Do with Reward?
    Elisabeth A. Murray, Steven P. Wise, and Sarah E.V. Rhodes.
    • 4.1 INTRODUCTION
    • 4.2 WHAT KINDS OF BRAINS DEAL WITH REWARD?
    • 4.3 WHAT CAN VERTEBRATE BRAINS DO WITH REWARD?
    • 4.4 WHAT CAN MAMMALIAN BRAINS DO WITH REWARD?
    • 4.5 WHAT CAN PRIMATE BRAINS DO WITH REWARD?
    • 4.6 SUMMARY
    • REFERENCES
• II. A Systems Organization of the Senses
  • 5. Smell
    Jay A. Gottfried and Donald A. Wilson.
    • 5.1 INTRODUCTION
    • 5.2 THE ODOR STIMULUS SHAPES THE OLFACTORY SYSTEM
    • 5.3 THE OLFACTORY SYSTEM: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
    • 5.4 ODOR OBJECT SYNTHESIS AND PLASTICITY
    • 5.5 FROM SENSATION TO REWARD: ARE ODORS REWARDING?
    • 5.6 THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF SENSATION AND REWARD: CONVERGENCE AND CODA
    • REFERENCES
  • 6. Taste
    Donald B. Katz and Brian F. Sadacca.
    • 6.1 INTRODUCTION
    • 6.2 THE TASTE SYSTEM ITSELF
    • 6.3 TASTE-RELATED BEHAVIORS ARE INEVITABLE EXPRESSIONS OF INHERENT REWARD VALUE
    • 6.4 THE INTERCONNECTEDNESS OF TASTE- AND REWARD-PROCESSING SYSTEMS IN THE BRAIN
    • 6.5 THE LINK BETWEEN TASTE AND REWARD ACTIVITY DRIVES BEHAVIOR
    • 6.6 RETHINKING “FLAVOR” IN THIS FRAMEWORK
    • 6.7 CONCLUSIONS
    • REFERENCES
  • 7. Touch
    Steven Hsiao and Manuel Gomez-Ramirez.
    • 7.1 INTRODUCTION
    • 7.2 ANATOMICAL ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTION OF THE SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM
    • 7.3 CENTRAL PROCESSING OF SOMATOSENSORY INFORMATION
    • REFERENCES
  • 8. Sight
    Christina S. Konen and Sabine Kastner.
    • 8.1 INTRODUCTION
    • 8.2 THE VISUAL SYSTEM
    • 8.3 TOP-DOWN INFLUENCES ON VISUAL PROCESSING
    • 8.4 COMPARISON OF ATTENTION EFFECTS ACROSS THE VISUAL SYSTEM
    • 8.5 SOURCES OF ATTENTIONAL MODULATORY SIGNALS
    • 8.6 EMOTIONAL RESPONSE MODULATION IN THE VISUAL SYSTEM
    • 8.7 SUMMARY
    • REFERENCES
  • 9. Sound
    Corrie R. Camalier and Jon H. Kaas.
    • 9.1 INTRODUCTION
    • 9.2 EVOLUTIONARY CONSIDERATIONS: COMPARISON ACROSS MAMMALIAN TAXA
    • 9.3 PROPERTIES OF SOUND AND ETHOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
    • 9.4 AUDITORY PROCESSING STREAMS AND PATHWAYS IN THE PRIMATE BRAIN
    • 9.5 REWARD-RELATED ACTIVITY IN AUDITORY CORTEX AND OTHER AUDITORY AREAS
    • 9.6 CONCLUSIONS
    • REFERENCES
  • 10. Sensory Agnosias
    H. Branch Coslett.
    • 10.1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
    • 10.2 TYPES OF AGNOSIA
    • 10.3 IMPAIRMENTS OF THE STRUCTURAL DESCRIPTION SYSTEM (“ASSOCIATIVE AGNOSIAS”)
    • 10.4 CATEGORY-SPECIFIC RECOGNITION DEFICITS
    • 10.5 FUNCTIONAL IMAGING CORRELATES OF OBJECT RECOGNITION
    • 10.6 AUDITORY AGNOSIAS
    • 10.7 CORTICAL DEAFNESS AND GENERALIZED AUDITORY AGNOSIA
    • 10.8 OTHER AGNOSIAS
    • 10.9 AGNOSIA AND CONSCIOUS AWARENESS
    • 10.10 CONCLUSION
    • REFERENCES
• III. From Sensation to Reward
  • 11. Neuroanatomy of Reward: A View from the Ventral Striatum
    Suzanne N. Haber.
    • 11.1 INTRODUCTION
    • 11.2 THE PLACE OF THE REWARD CIRCUIT IN THE BASAL GANGLIA
    • 11.3 SENSORY INPUTS TO THE REWARD CIRCUIT
    • 11.4 INTEGRATING THE REWARD CIRCU IT INTO COGNITIVE AND MOTOR BASAL GANGLIA PATHWAYS
    • 11.5 CONCLUSIONS
    • REFERENCES
  • 12. Multiple Reward Layers in Food Reinforcement
    Ivan E. de Araujo.
    • 12.1 INTRODUCTION
    • 12.2 GUSTATORY REWARDS AND FOOD PREFERENCES
    • 12.3 POSTINGESTIVE REINFORCEMENT
    • 12.4 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
    • REFERENCES
  • 13. Sensation, Incentive Learning, and the Motivational Control of Goal-Directed Action
    Bernard W. Balleine.
    • 13.1 INTRODUCTION
    • 13.2 EVALUATIVE CONDITIONING
    • 13.3 INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING
    • 13.4 INCENTIVE LEARNING
    • 13.5 THE UBIQUITY OF INCENTIVE LEARNING: THE MOTIVATIONAL CONTROL OF GOAL-DIRECTED ACTION
    • 13.6 ENCODING AND RETRIEVING INCENTIVE VALUE DURING DECISION MAKING
    • 13.7 THE NEURAL BASES OF INCENTIVE LEARNING
    • 13.8 ACTION SELECTION AND INITIATION: SOME CONCLUDING COMMENTS
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENT
    • REFERENCES
  • 14. Reward Predictions and Computations
    John P. O’Doherty.
    • 14.1 INTRODUCTION
    • 14.2 STIMULUS-BASED PREDICTIONS
    • 14.3 ACQUISITION OF STIMULUS-BASED REWARD PREDICTIONS
    • 14.4 PREDICTIVE-REWARD SIGNALS OF INSTRUMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS
    • 14.5 COMPUTATIONAL SIGNALS UNDERLYING LEARNING OF INSTRUMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS
    • 14.6 COMPUTATIONAL MODELS OF INSTRUMENTAL LEARNING AND GOALS VERSUS HABITS
    • 14.7 CONCLUSIONS
    • REFERENCES
  • 15. Orbitofrontal Cortex and Outcome Expectancies: Optimizing Behavior and Sensory Perception
    Geoffirey Schoenbaum, Matthew R. Roesch, Tom A. Stalnaker, and Yuji K. Takahashi.
    • 15.1 INTRODUCTION
    • 15.2 ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX IS CRITICAL FOR ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR
    • 15.3 WHY IS ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX CRITICAL FOR ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR?
    • 15.4 ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX AND SIGNALING OF OUTCOME EXPECTANCIES
    • 15.5 OUTCOME EXPECTANCIES AND ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR
    • 15.6 OUTCOME EXPECTANCIES AND ASSOCIATIVE ENCODING IN PIRIFORM CORTEX
    • 15.7 FUTURE ISSUES
    • REFERENCES
  • 16. The Neurology of Value
    Lesley K. Fellows.
    • 16.1 INTRODUCTION
    • 16.2 A SHORT HISTORY OF THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY OF DECISION MAKING
    • 16.3 VENTROMEDIAL FRONTAL LOBE DAMAGE AFFECTS DECISION MAKING
    • 16.4 VENTROMEDIAL FRONTAL LOBE IS CRITICAL FOR FLEXIBLY LEARNING FROM FEEDBACK
    • 16.5 VENTROMEDIAL FRONTAL LOBE DAMAGE DISRUPTS DECISION MAKING UNDER CERTAINTY AND UNDER RISK
    • 16.6 VALUE, EXPECTATION, AND LEARNING
    • 16.7 VALUE AND TIME
    • 16.8 VALUE AND EMOTION
    • 16.9 BEYOND VMF: DORSOMEDIAL PFC MAY LINK VALUE TO ACTIONS
    • 16.10 THE ROLE OF THE INSULA IN REWARD AND DECISION
    • 16.11 STRIATAL MECHANISMS IN DECISION MAKING
    • 16.12 AMYGDALA AND VALUE
    • 16.13 HEDONICS AND DECISION MAKING
    • 16.14 VALUE AGNOSIA OR APRAXIA OF CHOICE?
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • REFERENCES
• IV. Civilized Sensory Rewards (Distinctly Human Rewards)
  • 17. Perfume
    Rachel S. Herz.
    • 17.1 PERFUME QUALITY AND ART
    • 17.2 BRIEF HISTORY OF PERFUME
    • 17.3 THE SOCIOLOGY OF PERFUME OR WHY WE WEAR PERFUME
    • 17.4 THE BIOLOGY OF BODY ODOR AND SEXUAL ATTRACTION
    • 17.5 PERFUME, BODY ODOR, AND THE QUESTION OF HUMAN PHEROMONES
    • 17.6 THE UNIQUE CONNECTION BETWEEN OLFACTION AND EMOTION
    • 17.7 IS PERFUME DISTINCTLY HUMAN?
    • 17.8 IS PERFUME A SENSORY REWARD?
    • 17.9 CONCLUSIONS AND THE FUTURE
    • REFERENCES
  • 18. Visual Art
    Anjan Chatterjee.
    • 18.1 INTRODUCTION
    • 18.3 OBSERVATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF ART AND THE BRAIN
    • 18.3 A FRAMEWORK FOR NEUROAESTHETICS RESEARCH
    • 18.4 EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE: LESION STUDIES
    • 18.5 EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE: IMAGING STUDIES OF BEAUTY
    • 18.6 EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE: IMAGING STUDIES OF ART
    • 18.7 WHY ART?
    • 18.8 CONCLUDING COMMENTS
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENT
    • REFERENCES
  • 19. Music
    David H. Zald and Robert J. Zatorre.
    • 19.1 INTRODUCTION
    • 19.2 ORIGINS
    • 19.3 NEURAL CIRCUITRY INVOLVED IN MUSICAL PLEASURE
    • 19.4 WHY IS MUSIC REWARDING?
    • 19.5 CONCLUSIONS
    • REFERENCES