Strength of evidence

Kathy Ketchum; Kim Peterson; Sujata Thakurta; Allison Low; Marian S McDonagh

Table 1Acute coronary syndrome: Clopidogrel/aspirin compared with placebo/aspirin (CURE – 12 months)

	Domains pertaining to strength of evidence				Magnitude of effect	Strength of evidence
Number of studies; number of subjects	Risk of bias (design/quality)	Consistency	Directness	Precision	RR (95% confidence interval)	High, moderate, low, insufficient
All-cause mortality
1/N= 12562	Low (RCT/Good)	Consistent	Indirect	Precise	0.93 (0.81 to 1.07)^a	Moderate
Cardiovascular mortality
1/N= 12562	Low (RCT/Good)	Consistent	Indirect	Precise	0.93 (0.80 to 1.10)	Moderate
MI
1/N= 12562	Low (RCT/Good)	Consistent	Indirect	Precise	0.78 (0.68 to 0.90)	Moderate
Major bleeding
1/N= 12562	Low (RCT/Good)	Consistent	Indirect	Imprecise	1.37 (1.13 to 1.67)^a	Moderate
Withdrawal due to adverse events
1/N= 12562					NR	Insufficient

a: Calculated by OR EPC using StatsDirect.

Table 2Acute coronary syndrome: clopidogrel compared with aspirin (CAPRIE MI subgroup – 1–3 years [mean 1.9 years])

	Domains pertaining to strength of evidence				Magnitude of effect	Strength of evidence
Number of studies; number of subjects	Risk of bias (design/quality)	Consistency	Directness	Precision	RR (95% confidence interval)	High, moderate, low, insufficient
All-cause mortality
					NR by subgroup	Insufficient
Cardiovascular mortality ^c
1/N= 6302	Low (RCT/Good)	Unknown	Indirect	Imprecise	1.16 (0.88 to 1.51)^a^,^b	Low
MI – nonfatal ^c
1/N= 6302	Low (RCT/Good)	Unknown	Indirect	Imprecise	0.95 (0.76 to 1.19) ^a^,^b	Low
Major bleeding
					NR by subgroup	Insufficient
Withdrawal due to adverse events
					NR by subgroup	Insufficient

a: Calculated by OR EPC using StatsDirect.

b: Patient years at risk.

c: Calculated from data reported in CAPRIE Table 7.

Table 3Acute coronary syndrome: Clopidogrel/aspirin compared with placebo/aspirin (CHARISMA symptomatic subgroup – median 28 months)

	Domains pertaining to strength of evidence				Magnitude of effect	Strength of evidence
Number of studies; number of subjects	Risk of bias (design/quality)	Consistency	Directness	Precision	RR (95% confidence interval)	High, moderate, low, insufficient
All-cause mortality
					NR by subgroup	Insufficient
Cardiovascular mortality
1/N= 12153	Low (RCT/Good)	Consistent	Indirect	Imprecise	No significant effect on cardiovascular death in the symptomatic subgroup.	Low
MI – nonfatal
					NR by subgroup	Insufficient
Major bleeding
1/N= 12153	Low (RCT/Good)	Consistent	Indirect	Imprecise	C: 1.6 % P: 1.4 %	Low
Withdrawal due to adverse events
					NR by subgroup	Insufficient

a: Calculated by OR EPC using StatsDirect;

*: patient years at risk

Table 4Coronary revascularization: Prasugrel compared with clopidogrel (TRITON-TIMI 38¹, JUMBO-TIMI 26², PRINCIPLE-TIMI 44³)

	Domains pertaining to strength of evidence				Magnitude of effect	Strength of evidence

Number of studies; number of subjects	Risk of bias (design/quality)	Consistency	Directness	Precision	Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)	High, moderate, low, insufficient
All-cause mortality
1/N=13608¹	Low (RCT/Good)	Unknown	Direct	Precise	0.95 (0.78 to 1.16)	High
2/N=1106²^,³	Low (RCT/Fair)	Unknown	Direct	Imprecise	3 prasugrel, 0 clopidogrel	Low

Cardiovascular mortality
1/N=13608¹	Low (RCT/Good)	Unknown	Direct	Imprecise	0.89 (0.70 to 1.12)	Moderate
2/N=1106²^,³					NR	Insufficient

Revascularization
1/N=13608¹	Low (RCT/Good)	Unknown	Direct	Precise	0.67 (0.55 to 0.82)^a	High
2/N=1106²^,³	Low (RCT/Fair)	Unknown	Direct	Imprecise	4 prasugrel, 7 clopidogrel	Low

Major bleeding (TIMI, non-CABG related)
1/N=13608¹	Low (RCT/Good)	Unknown	Direct	Imprecise	1.32 (1.03 to 1.68)	Moderate
2/N=1106²^,³	Low (RCT/Fair)	Unknown	Direct	Imprecise	11 prasugrel, 3 clopidogrel	Low

Withdrawal due to adverse events
1/N=13608¹ 2/N=1106²^,³	Low (RCT/Good)	Unknown	Direct	Imprecise	1.14 (1.00 to 1.29) NR	Moderate Insufficient

a: Calculated by OR EPC using StatsDirect

Table 5Coronary revascularization: Ticlopidine/aspirin compared with clopidogrel/aspirin (CLASSICS – 28 days)

	Domains pertaining to strength of evidence				Magnitude of effect	Strength of evidence
Number of studies; number of subjects	Risk of bias (design/quality)	Consistency	Directness	Precision	RR (95% confidence interval)	High, moderate, low, insufficient
All-cause mortality
1/N=675(2 arms)	Low (RCT/Good)				NR	Insufficient
Cardiovascular mortality
1/N=675 (2 arms)	Low (RCT/Good)	Consistent	Direct	Imprecise	No events	Insufficient
Revascularization
1/N=675 (2 arms)	Low (RCT/Good)	Consistent	Direct	Imprecise	0.99(0.06–15.69)^a	Moderate
Major bleeding
1/N=675 (2 arms)	Low (RCT/Good)	Consistent	Direct	Imprecise	0.99 (0.27–3.57)^a	Moderate
Withdrawal due to adverse events
1/N=675 (2 arms)	Low (RCT/Good)	N/A	Direct	Imprecise	1.62(0.91–2.89)^a	Low

a: Calculated by OR EPC using StatsDirect

Table 6Coronary revascularization: Ticlopidine/aspirin compared with clopidogrel/aspirin (Di Pasquale 2005 – 6 months)

	Domains pertaining to strength of evidence				Magnitude of effect	Strength of evidence
Number of studies; number of subjects	Risk of bias (design/quality)	Consistency	Directness	Precision	RR (95% confidence interval)	High, moderate, low, insufficient
All-cause mortality
1/N=428	Med (RCT/Fair)				NR	Insufficient
Cardiovascular mortality
1/N=428	Med (RCT/Fair)				NR	Insufficient
Revascularization
1/N=428	Med (RCT/Fair)	Consistent	Direct	Imprecise	0.91 (0.62–1.33)^a	Low
Major bleeding
1/N=428	Med (RCT/Fair)	Consistent	Direct	Imprecise	1 (0.178–5.63)^a	Low
Withdrawal due to adverse events
1/N=428	Med (RCT/Fair)				NR	Insufficient

a: Calculated by OR EPC using StatsDirect

Table 7Coronary revascularization: Ticlopidine/aspirin compared with clopidogrel/aspirin (Mueller 2003 – 4-week treatment period, 28-month event rates)

	Domains pertaining to strength of evidence				Magnitude of effect	Strength of evidence
Number of studies; number of subjects	Risk of bias (design/quality)	Consistency	Directness	Precision	RR (95% confidence interval)	High, moderate, low, insufficient
All-cause mortality
1/N=700	Med (RCT/Fair)	NA	Direct	Precise	0.32 (0.15–0.66)^a	Low
Cardiovascular mortality
1/N=700	Med (RCT/Fair)	Inconsistent	Direct	Precise	0.32 (0.15–0.69)^a	Low
Revascularization
1/N=700	Med (RCT/Fair)				NR	Insufficient
Major bleeding
1/N=700	Med (RCT/Fair)				NR	Insufficient
Withdrawal due to adverse events
1/N=700	Med (RCT/Fair)				NR	Insufficient

a: Calculated by OR EPC using StatsDirect.

Table 8Coronary revascularization: Ticlopidine/aspirin compared with clopidogrel/aspirin (Mueller 2000 – 30 days)

	Domains pertaining to strength of evidence				Magnitude of effect	Strength of evidence
Number of studies; number of subjects	Risk of bias (design/quality)	Consistency	Directness	Precision	RR (95% confidence interval)	High, moderate, low, insufficient
All-cause mortality
1/N=700	Med (RCT/Fair)				NR	Insufficient
Cardiovascular mortality
1/N=700	Med (RCT/Fair)	Inconsistent	Direct	Imprecise	1.03(0.06–16.39)^a	Low
Revascularization
1/N=700	Med (RCT/Fair)	Consistent	Direct	Imprecise	0.34 (0.07–1.69)^a	Low
Major bleeding
1/N=700	Med (RCT/Fair)				NR	Insufficient
Withdrawal due to adverse events
1/N=700	Med (RCT/Fair)				NR	Insufficient

a: Calculated by OR EPC using StatsDirect.

Table 9Coronary revascularization: Ticlopidine/aspirin compared with clopidogrel/aspirin (Taniuchi 2001 – 2-week treatment period, 30-day event rates)

	Domains pertaining to strength of evidence				Magnitude of effect	Strength of evidence
Number of Studies; number of Subjects	Risk of bias (design/quality)	Consistency	Directness	Precision	RR (95% confidence interval)	High, moderate, low, insufficient
All-cause mortality
1/N=1016	Med (RCT/Fair)				NR	Insufficient
Cardiovascular mortality
1/N=1016	Med (RCT/Fair)	Inconsistent	Direct	Imprecise	2.52 (0.67–9.46)^a	Low
Revascularization
1/N=1016	Med (RCT/Fair)	Consistent	Direct	Imprecise	0.95 (0.43–2.09)^a	Low
Major bleeding
1/N=1016	Med (RCT/Fair)				NR	Insufficient
Withdrawal due to adverse events
1/N=1016	Med (RCT/Fair)				NR	Insufficient

a: Calculated by OR EPC using StatsDirect.

Table 10Stroke or transient ischemic attack: Extended-release dipyridamole plus aspirin compared with clopidogrel plus aspirin (PRoFESS trial)

	Domains pertaining to strength of evidence				Magnitude of effect	Strength of evidence
Number of studies; number of subjects	Risk of bias (design/quality)	Consistency	Directness	Precision	Summary effect size (95% confidence interval)	High, moderate, low, insufficient
All-cause mortality
1/N=20,332	Low (RCT/Good)	NA	Direct	Precise	HR 0.97 (0.87 to 1.07)	High
Cardiovascular mortality
1/N=20,332	Low (RCT/Good)	NA	Direct	Precise	HR 0.94 (0.82 to 1.07)	High
Recurrent stroke
1/N=20,332	Low (RCT/Good)	NA	Direct	Precise	HR 1.01 (0.92 to 1.11)	High
Major bleeding
1/N=20,332	Low (RCT/Good)	NA	Direct	Imprecise	HR 1.15 (1.00 to 1.32)	Moderate
Withdrawal due to adverse events
1/N=20,332	Low (RCT/Good)	NA	Direct	Precise	RR 1.54 (1.43 to 1.66)^a	High

a: Calculated by OR EPC using StatsDirect.

Table 11Stroke or transient ischemic attack: Clopidogrel plus aspirin compared with ticlopidine plus aspirin

	Domains pertaining to strength of evidence				Magnitude of effect	Strength of evidence
Number of studies; number of subjects	Risk of bias (design/quality)	Consistency	Directness	Precision	Summary effect size (95% confidence interval)	High, moderate, low, insufficient
All-cause mortality (“considered to be related to study medication”)
2; N=1869	RCT/Fair	Consistent	Direct	Imprecise	RR 0.99 (0.17 to 5.58)^a	Moderate
Cardiovascular mortality
2; N=1862	RCT/Fair	Consistent	Direct	Imprecise	No events	Moderate
Cerebral infarction
2; N=1862	RCT/Fair	Consistent	Direct	Imprecise	HR 0.92 (0.52 to 1.63)	Moderate
Major bleeding
2; N=1869	RCT/Fair	Consistent	Direct	Imprecise	RR 1.53 (0.68 to 3.45)^a^,^b	Moderate
Neutropenia
2; N=1869	RCT/Fair	Consistent	Direct	Precise	RR 0.32 (0.15 to 0.65)^a^,^b	Moderate
Withdrawal due to adverse events
2; N=1869	RCT/Fair	Unclear^c	Direct	Precise	RR 0.71 (0.58 to 0.87)^a	Moderate

a: Relative risks calculated by OR EPC using StatsDirect.

b: Frequencies estimated from Figure 3 in Uchiyama 2009.

c: Separate frequencies for the IIIa and IIIb studies are not available from either the Fukuuchi 2008 or Uchiyama 2009 publications.

Table 12Stroke or transient ischemic attack: Fixed combination of extended-release dipyridamole compared with aspirin alone

	Domains pertaining to strength of evidence				Magnitude of effect^a	Strength of evidence
Number of studies; number of subjects	Risk of bias (design/quality)	Consistency	Directness	Precision	Summary effect size (95% confidence interval)	High, moderate, low, insufficient
All-cause mortality
2; N=6038	Medium (RCT; Fair)	Consistent	Indirect	Precise	RR 0.96 (0.83 to 1.13)	Moderate
Cardiovascular mortality
1; N=2739	Medium (RCT; Fair	NA	Indirect	Imprecise	RR 0.74 (0.51 to 1.08)	Moderate
Cerebral infarction
3; N=7329	Medium (RCT; Fair)	Inconsistent	Indirect	Precise	RR 0.84 (0.73 to 0.98)	Moderate
Major bleeding
2; N=6038	Medium (RCT; Fair)	Inconsistent	Indirect	Imprecise	RR 0.85 (0.61 to 1.19)	Low
Withdrawal due to adverse events ^b
1;N=1294 (JASAP, duration=1 year)	Medium (RCT; Fair)	NA	Indirect	Imprecise	RR 1.10 (0.86 to 1.39)	Low
1;N=3299 (ESPS-2, duration=2 years)	Medium (RCT; Fair)	NA	Indirect	Precise	RR 1.86 (1.53 to 2.25)	Moderate
1;N=2763 (ESPRIT, duration=3.5 years)	Medium (RCT; Fair)	NA	Indirect	Precise	RR 7.35 (5.22 to 10.38)	Moderate

a: Relative risks calculated by OR EPC using StatsDirect.

b: Pooled relative risk is not presented due to significant statistical heterogeneity, possibly due to the pattern of increased magnitude of risk of withdrawal over time with the combination of extended-release dipyridamole plus aspirin.

Table 13Stroke or transient ischemic attack: Clopidogrel compared with aspirin alone

	Domains pertaining to strength of evidence				Magnitude of effect^a	Strength of evidence
Number of studies; number of subjects	Risk of bias (design/quality)	Consistency	Directness	Precision	Summary effect size (95% confidence interval)	High, moderate, low, insufficient
All-cause mortality: Not reported
Cardiovascular mortality (fatal stroke, fatal MI, other vascular deaths)
1; N=6,451	Medium (RCT; Fair)	NA	Indirect	Precise	RR 0.99 (0.75 to 1.29)	Moderate
Stroke (fatal and nonfatal)
1; N=6,451	Medium (RCT; Fair)	NA	Indirect	Precise	RR 0.92 (0.79 to 1.07)	Moderate
Major bleeding: Not reported
Withdrawal due to adverse events: Not reported

a: Relative risks calculated by OR EPC using StatsDirect.

Table 14Stroke or transient ischemic attack: Clopidogrel plus aspirin compared with aspirin alone (FASTER trial)

	Domains pertaining to strength of evidence				Magnitude of effect^a	Strength of evidence
Number of studies; number of subjects	Risk of bias (design/quality)	Consistency	Directness	Precision	Summary effect size (95% confidence interval)	High, moderate, low, insufficient
All-cause mortality: Not reported
Cardiovascular mortality: Not reported
Stroke, fatal and nonfatal ^a
1; N=193	Moderate (RCT; Fair)	NA	Indirect	Imprecise	RR 0.5 (0.2 to 1.5)	Low
Major bleeding: Not reported
Severe extracranial hemorrhage
1; N=392	Moderate (RCT; Fair)	NA	Indirect	Imprecise	RD 0.5% (−0.5 to 1.5)	Low
Withdrawal due to adverse events: Not reported

a: For effectiveness outcomes, we focused only on the comparison of clopidogrel to placebo in the groups who were not receiving simvastatin.

b: For bleeding outcomes, we evaluated the comparison of clopidogrel to no clopidogrel, which included patients taking concomitant simvastatin.

Table 15Stroke or transient ischemic attack: Ticlopidine compared with aspirin alone

	Domains pertaining to strength of evidence				Magnitude of effect^a	Strength of evidence
Number of studies; number of subjects	Risk of bias (design/quality)	Consistency	Directness	Precision	Summary effect size (95% confidence interval)	High, moderate, low, insufficient
All-cause mortality
2; N=4878	Medium (RCT; Fair)	Consistent	Indirect	Precise	RR 0.94 (0.79 to 1.12)	Moderate
Cardiovascular mortality
2; N=4878	Medium (RCT; Fair)	Consistent	Indirect	Imprecise	RR 1.16 (0.89 to 1.52)	Moderate
Stroke, fatal and nonfatal
2; N=4878	Medium (RCT; Fair)	Consistent	Indirect	Precise	RR 0.94 (0.81 to 1.10)	Moderate
Major bleeding: Not reported
GI bleeding
2; N=4854	Medium (RCT; Fair)	Consistent	Indirect	Precise	RR 0.38 (0.19 to 0.76)	Moderate
Neutropenia
2; N=4854	Medium (RCT; Fair)	Consistent	Indirect	Precise	RR 2.18 (1.30 to 3.66)	Moderate
Withdrawal due to adverse events
2; N=4854	Medium (RCT; Fair)	Consistent	Indirect	Precise	RR 1.37 (1.19 to 1.57)	Moderate

a: Relative risks calculated by OR EPC using StatsDirect.

Table 16Peripheral vascular disease: Clopidogrel compared with aspirin (PAD subgroup from CAPRIE)

	Domains pertaining to strength of evidence				Magnitude of effect^a	Strength of evidence
Number of studies; number of subjects	Risk of bias (design/quality)	Consistency	Directness	Precision	Summary effect size (95% confidence interval)	High, moderate, low, insufficient
Cardiovascular mortality (fatal stroke, fatal MI, other vascular death from Table 7 of 1996 Lancet publication)
1/N=11592	Low (RCT/Good)	NA	Indirect	Imprecise	RR 0.78 (0.60 to 1.01)	Moderate
All-cause mortality, revascularization, major bleeding, withdrawals due to adverse events not reported for PAD subgroup

a: Relative risks calculated by OR EPC using StatsDirect.

Table 17Peripheral vascular disease: Clopidogrel plus aspirin compared with aspirin alone (CASPAR trial)

	Domains pertaining to strength of evidence				Magnitude of effect^a	Strength of evidence
Number of studies; number of subjects	Risk of bias (design/quality)	Consistency	Directness	Precision	Summary effect size (95% confidence interval)	High, moderate, low, insufficient
All-cause mortality
1/N=851	Moderate (RCT/Fair)	NA	Indirect	Imprecise	HR 1.44 (0.77 to 2.68)	Low
Cardiovascular mortality
1/N=851	Moderate (RCT/Fair)	NA	Indirect	Imprecise	HR 1.49 (0.73 to 3.01)	Low
Revascularization
1/N=851	Moderate (RCT/Fair)	NA	Indirect	Imprecise	HR 0.89 (0.65 to 1.23)	Low
Major bleeding (“severe”)
1/N=848	Moderate (RCT/Fair)	NA	Indirect	Imprecise	RR 1.78 (0.63 to 5.04)^a	Low
Withdrawal due to adverse events – not reported

a: Relative risks calculated by OR EPC using StatsDirect.

Table 18Key Question 3 – therapy duration: Clopidogrel vs. placebo: 30-days vs. 12 months (PCI-CURE)

	Domains pertaining to strength of evidence				Magnitude of effect	Strength of evidence
Number of studies; number of subjects	Risk of bias (design/quality)	Consistency	Directness	Precision	RR (95% confidence interval)	High, moderate, low, insufficient
All-cause mortality
1/N=2658	Low (RCT/Good)				NR	Insufficient
Cardiovascular mortality
1/N=2658	Low (RCT/Good)	Consistent	Indirect	Imprecise	1.07 (0.65 to 1.75)	Low
Revascularization
1/N=2658	Low (RCT/Good)	Consistent	Indirect	Imprecise	0.82 (0.68 to 1.00)	Moderate
Major bleeding
1/N=2658	Low (RCT/Good)	Consistent	Indirect	Imprecise	1.12 (0.70 to 1.78)	Low
Withdrawal due to adverse events
1/N=2658	Low (RCT/Good)				NR	Insufficient

a: Calculated by OR EPC using StatsDirect.

Table 19Key Question 3 – therapy duration: Clopidogrel vs. placebo: 28-days vs. 12 months (CREDO)

	Domains pertaining to strength of evidence				Magnitude of effect	Strength of evidence
Number of studies; number of subjects	Risk of bias (design/quality)	Consistency	Directness	Precision	RR (95% confidence interval)	High, moderate, low, insufficient
All-cause mortality
1/N=2116	Low (RCT/Good)	Consistent	Indirect	Imprecise	0.76 (0.58 to 1.00)^a	Moderate
Cardiovascular mortality
1/N=2116	Low (RCT/Good)				NR	Insufficient
Revascularization
1/N=2116	Low (RCT/Good)	Consistent	Indirect	Imprecise	1.01 (0.86 to 1.20)^a	Low
Major bleeding
1/N=2116	Low (RCT/Good)	Consistent	Indirect	Imprecise	1.32 (0.98 to 1.78)^a	Moderate
Withdrawal due to adverse events
1/N=2116	Low (RCT/Good)				NR	Insufficient

a: Calculated by OR EPC using StatsDirect.

Table 20Key Question 3 – therapy duration: Pooled analysis of clopidogrel vs. placebo: 1 month vs. 6 months (Akbulut 2004¹ n=78, Pekdemier 2003² n=278, Bernardi 2007³ n=921)

	Domains pertaining to strength of evidence				Magnitude of effect	Strength of evidence
Number of studies; number of subjects	Risk of bias (design/quality)	Consistency	Directness	Precision	RR (95% confidence interval)	High, moderate, low, insufficient
All-cause mortality
2/N=1199²^,³	Low (RCT/Fair)	Consistent	Indirect	Imprecise	0.86 (0.40 to 1.84)^a	Low
Cardiovascular mortality
2/N=999¹^,³	Low (RCT/Fair)	Inconsistent	Indirect	Imprecise	0.50 (0.15 to 1.65)^a	Low
Revascularization
3/N=1277¹^,²^,³	Low (RCT/Fair)	Consistent	Indirect	Precise	0.65 (0.43 to 0.97)^a	Moderate
Major bleeding
3/N=1277¹^,²^,³	Low (RCT/Fair)	Inconsistent	Indirect	Imprecise	1.10 (0.44 to 2.30)^a	Low
Withdrawal due to adverse events
1/N=921³	Low (RCT/Fair)	NA	Indirect	Imprecise	2.20 (0.81 to 6.04)^a	Low

a: Calculated by OR EPC using StatsDirect.

Appendix FStrength of evidence

Publication Details

Copyright

Publisher

NLM Citation

Table 1Acute coronary syndrome: Clopidogrel/aspirin compared with placebo/aspirin (CURE – 12 months)

Table 2Acute coronary syndrome: clopidogrel compared with aspirin (CAPRIE MI subgroup – 1–3 years [mean 1.9 years])

Table 3Acute coronary syndrome: Clopidogrel/aspirin compared with placebo/aspirin (CHARISMA symptomatic subgroup – median 28 months)

Table 4Coronary revascularization: Prasugrel compared with clopidogrel (TRITON-TIMI 38¹, JUMBO-TIMI 26², PRINCIPLE-TIMI 44³)

Table 5Coronary revascularization: Ticlopidine/aspirin compared with clopidogrel/aspirin (CLASSICS – 28 days)

Table 6Coronary revascularization: Ticlopidine/aspirin compared with clopidogrel/aspirin (Di Pasquale 2005 – 6 months)

Table 7Coronary revascularization: Ticlopidine/aspirin compared with clopidogrel/aspirin (Mueller 2003 – 4-week treatment period, 28-month event rates)

Table 8Coronary revascularization: Ticlopidine/aspirin compared with clopidogrel/aspirin (Mueller 2000 – 30 days)

Table 9Coronary revascularization: Ticlopidine/aspirin compared with clopidogrel/aspirin (Taniuchi 2001 – 2-week treatment period, 30-day event rates)

Table 10Stroke or transient ischemic attack: Extended-release dipyridamole plus aspirin compared with clopidogrel plus aspirin (PRoFESS trial)

Table 11Stroke or transient ischemic attack: Clopidogrel plus aspirin compared with ticlopidine plus aspirin

Table 12Stroke or transient ischemic attack: Fixed combination of extended-release dipyridamole compared with aspirin alone

Table 13Stroke or transient ischemic attack: Clopidogrel compared with aspirin alone

Table 14Stroke or transient ischemic attack: Clopidogrel plus aspirin compared with aspirin alone (FASTER trial)

Table 15Stroke or transient ischemic attack: Ticlopidine compared with aspirin alone

Table 16Peripheral vascular disease: Clopidogrel compared with aspirin (PAD subgroup from CAPRIE)

Table 17Peripheral vascular disease: Clopidogrel plus aspirin compared with aspirin alone (CASPAR trial)

Table 18Key Question 3 – therapy duration: Clopidogrel vs. placebo: 30-days vs. 12 months (PCI-CURE)

Table 19Key Question 3 – therapy duration: Clopidogrel vs. placebo: 28-days vs. 12 months (CREDO)

Table 20Key Question 3 – therapy duration: Pooled analysis of clopidogrel vs. placebo: 1 month vs. 6 months (Akbulut 2004¹ n=78, Pekdemier 2003² n=278, Bernardi 2007³ n=921)

Appendix FStrength of evidence

Publication Details

Copyright

Publisher

NLM Citation

Table 1Acute coronary syndrome: Clopidogrel/aspirin compared with placebo/aspirin (CURE – 12 months)

Table 2Acute coronary syndrome: clopidogrel compared with aspirin (CAPRIE MI subgroup – 1–3 years [mean 1.9 years])

Table 3Acute coronary syndrome: Clopidogrel/aspirin compared with placebo/aspirin (CHARISMA symptomatic subgroup – median 28 months)

Table 4Coronary revascularization: Prasugrel compared with clopidogrel (TRITON-TIMI 381, JUMBO-TIMI 262, PRINCIPLE-TIMI 443)

Table 5Coronary revascularization: Ticlopidine/aspirin compared with clopidogrel/aspirin (CLASSICS – 28 days)

Table 6Coronary revascularization: Ticlopidine/aspirin compared with clopidogrel/aspirin (Di Pasquale 2005 – 6 months)

Table 7Coronary revascularization: Ticlopidine/aspirin compared with clopidogrel/aspirin (Mueller 2003 – 4-week treatment period, 28-month event rates)

Table 8Coronary revascularization: Ticlopidine/aspirin compared with clopidogrel/aspirin (Mueller 2000 – 30 days)

Table 9Coronary revascularization: Ticlopidine/aspirin compared with clopidogrel/aspirin (Taniuchi 2001 – 2-week treatment period, 30-day event rates)

Table 10Stroke or transient ischemic attack: Extended-release dipyridamole plus aspirin compared with clopidogrel plus aspirin (PRoFESS trial)

Table 11Stroke or transient ischemic attack: Clopidogrel plus aspirin compared with ticlopidine plus aspirin

Table 12Stroke or transient ischemic attack: Fixed combination of extended-release dipyridamole compared with aspirin alone

Table 13Stroke or transient ischemic attack: Clopidogrel compared with aspirin alone

Table 14Stroke or transient ischemic attack: Clopidogrel plus aspirin compared with aspirin alone (FASTER trial)

Table 15Stroke or transient ischemic attack: Ticlopidine compared with aspirin alone

Table 16Peripheral vascular disease: Clopidogrel compared with aspirin (PAD subgroup from CAPRIE)

Table 17Peripheral vascular disease: Clopidogrel plus aspirin compared with aspirin alone (CASPAR trial)

Table 18Key Question 3 – therapy duration: Clopidogrel vs. placebo: 30-days vs. 12 months (PCI-CURE)

Table 19Key Question 3 – therapy duration: Clopidogrel vs. placebo: 28-days vs. 12 months (CREDO)

Table 20Key Question 3 – therapy duration: Pooled analysis of clopidogrel vs. placebo: 1 month vs. 6 months (Akbulut 20041 n=78, Pekdemier 20032 n=278, Bernardi 20073 n=921)

Table 4Coronary revascularization: Prasugrel compared with clopidogrel (TRITON-TIMI 38¹, JUMBO-TIMI 26², PRINCIPLE-TIMI 44³)

Table 20Key Question 3 – therapy duration: Pooled analysis of clopidogrel vs. placebo: 1 month vs. 6 months (Akbulut 2004¹ n=78, Pekdemier 2003² n=278, Bernardi 2007³ n=921)