This collection features reports from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Clinical Decision Support Innovation Collaborative (CDSiC). Established in 2021 as part of AHRQ’s Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (PCOR) Clinical Decision Support (CDS) Initiative, the CDSiC aimed to accelerate the adoption of PCOR findings in clinical practice through patient-centered CDS (PC CDS). The collaborative developed resources to advance the design, development, dissemination, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based, shareable, interoperable, and publicly accessible PC CDS tools. By serving as a proving ground for innovation, the CDSiC identified best practices for using PC CDS to improve clinical decision making and patient outcomes.

Contents

• Clinical Decision Support Innovation Collaborative 2024–2025 (Year 4) Period of Performance Report
  Prashila M. Dullabh, Avantika S. Shah, Priyanka J. Desai, Lindsay Abdulhay, Sagarika Das, Courtney Zott, Kiran Correa, Margaret Byrne, Sofia Ryan, Caroline E. Peterson, Frances Jiménez, Nicole Gauthreaux, Lauren Adams, and Rina V. Dhopeshwarkar.
• Measurement and Outcomes Workgroup: Considerations for Minimizing Respondent Burden in Collecting Data for Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support
  Rachel T. Kurtzman, Polina Kukhareva, Mustafa Ozkaynak, Ruth Nwefo, Frances Jiménez, Priyanka J. Desai; CDSiC Measurement and Outcomes Workgroup; and Prashila M. Dullabh.
• Quartz App for Hypertension Medication Management: Feasibility, Usability, and Acceptability Assessment
  Nicole Gauthreaux, Prashila M. Dullabh, Courtney Zott, Abigail Aronoff, Adam Garretson, Dean F. Sittig, and Aziz Boxwala.
• Stakeholder Center: Measuring Patient Experience of Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support
  Megan Skillman, Priyanka J. Desai, Caroline Peterson, Abigail Aronoff, and Prashila M. Dullabh.
• Implementation, Adoption, and Scaling Workgroup: Text Message-Facilitated PC CDS Implementation: Key Considerations and Promising Practices
  Krysta Heaney-Huls, Kensaku Kawamoto, David F. Lobach, Frances Jiménez, Sofia Ryan, Priyanka J. Desai; CDSiC Implementation, Adoption, and Scaling Workgroup; and Prashila M. Dullabh.
• Innovation Center: Framework and Inventory of Patient Engagement Measures for PC CDS
  Prashila Dullabh, Courtney Zott, Nikki Gauthreaux, Abigail Aronoff, and Dean F. Sittig.
• Artificial Intelligence-Supported Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support: A Summary of Considerations
  Sofia Ryan, Krysta Heaney-Huls, Kensaku Kawamoto, David Lobach, Priyanka J. Desai; CDSiC Implementation, Adoption, and Scaling Workgroup; and Prashila M. Dullabh. WORKGROUP CONTRUBUTORS: Deborah Collyar, Supriya Doshi, Stephen Downs, JaMor Hairston, Chris Harle, Scott Link, Dave Little, and Steve Miller.
• CDS Standards and Regulatory Frameworks Workgroup: Approaches to Standardizing Override Reasons for Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support
  Aziz A. Boxwala, Kiran H. Correa, Rachel L. Richesson, Desirae Leaphart, Azam Ahmed, Priyanka J. Desai; CDSiC Standards and Regulatory Frameworks Workgroup; and Prashila M. Dullabh.
• How Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support Can Strengthen Shared Decision Making
  Frances Jiménez, Rachel T Kurtzman, Ruth Nwefo, Polina V Kukhareva, Mustafa Ozkaynak, Priyanka J Desai; CDSiC Measurement and Outcomes Workgroup; and Prashila M Dullabh. WORKGROUP CONTRUBUTORS: Ben Hamlin, Swaminathan Kandawamy, Quinn Nelson, Arthur H. Owora, Tiffany Peterson, Richard Schreiber, Jasvinder Singh, and Dean Sittig.
• Incorporating Patient Preferences in Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support
  Avantika Shah, Sagarika Das, Lindsay Abdulhay, Jessica Ancker, Angela Dobes, Priyanka J. Desai; CDSiC Trust and Patient-Centered Workgroup; and Prashila M. Dullabh. WORKGROUP CONTRIBUTORS: Fawaz Al Ammary, Stephanie L. Ballard, Kevon-Mark Jackman, Sarah Krug, Ny’Nika McFadden, Kistein Monkhouse, Elizabeth Oehrlein, John Valenta, and Nicole Werner.
• Making Patient Apps Interoperable With the Health IT Ecosystem
  Desirae Leaphart, Rachel L. Richesson, Kiran H. Correa, Azam Ahmed, Aziz A. Boxwala, Priyanka J. Desai, and Prashila M. Dullabh. WORKGROUP CONTRIBUTORS: Guilherme Del Fiol, Robert Greenes, Robert Jenders, Brian Levy, Jan Oldenburg, Vishwasrao Salunkhe, and Howard Strasberg.
• Implementation, Adoption, and Scaling Workgroup: Key Factors and Considerations for Assessing the Value of Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support
  Krysta Heaney-Huls, David F. Lobach, Kensaku Kawamoto, Sofia Ryan, Andrew B. Chiao, Priyanka J. Desai; CDSiC Implementation, Adoption, and Scaling Workgroup; and Prashila M. Dullabh.
• Clinical Decision Support Innovation Collaborative 2023–2024 (Year 3) Period of Performance Report
  Prashila M. Dullabh, Avantika S. Shah, Rina V. Dhopeshwarkar, Priyanka J. Desai, Caroline E. Peterson, Frances Jiménez, Nicole Gauthreaux, Desirae M. Leaphart, Courtney Zott, Margaret Byrne, and Lauren Adams.
• Measurement and Outcomes Workgroup: Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support Planning and Reporting Tool User Guide
  Polina Kukhareva, Rachel T. Kurtzman, Ruth Nwefo, Frances Jiménez, Mustafa Ozkaynak, Priyanka J. Desai; CDSiC Measurement and Outcomes Workgroup; and Prashila M. Dullabh.
• Trust and Patient-Centeredness Workgroup: Action Plan to Collect and Use Social Determinants of Health Data in Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support
  Avantika Shah, Angela Dobes, Lindsay Abdulhay, Priyanka Desai, Jessica Ancker, Caroline Peterson, Prashila Dullabh; CDSiC Trust and Patient-Centeredness Workgroup.
• Implementation, Adoption, and Scaling Workgroup: Exploring Challenges and Opportunities for Patient Engagement, Implementation, Adoption, and Scaling Through PC CDS Case Studies
  David Lobach, Krysta Heaney-Huls, Sofia Ryan, Andrew B. Chiao, Kensaku Kawamoto, Priyanka J. Desai, Courtney Segal; CDSiC Implementation, Adoption, and Scaling Workgroup; and Prashila M. Dullabh.
• PAIGE Chatbot For Patient-Clinician Communication: Usability and Utility Assessment
  Courtney Zott, Dean F. Sittig, Nikki Gauthreaux, Adam Wright, Elise Russo, Laura Zahn, and Prashila M. Dullabh.
• Quartz App to Support Medication Adherence: Usability and Feasibility Assessment
  Nikki Gauthreaux, Courtney Zott, Aziz Boxwala, Dean F. Sittig, and Prashila M. Dullabh.
• Standards and Regulatory Frameworks Workgroup: Prioritizing Patient Preferences for Standardization to Support PC CDS
  Desirae Leaphart, Rachel L. Richesson, Kiran H. Correa, Azam Ahmed, Aziz A. Boxwala, Priyanka J. Desai, Prashila M. Dullabh; CDSiC Standards and Regulatory Frameworks Workgroup.
• Trust and Patient-Centeredness Workgroup: Capturing Patient Preferences for Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support Within Patient Lifeflows and Clinical Workflows
  Prashila Dullabh, Jessica Ancker, Caroline Peterson, Lindsay Abdulhay, Avantika Shah, Angela Dobes, Priyanka J. Desai; CDSiC Trust and Patient-Centeredness Workgroup.
• CDS Standards and Regulatory Frameworks Workgroup: An Initial Taxonomy of Override Reasons for PC CDS Recommendations
  Aziz Boxwala, Kiran H. Correa, Desirae Leaphart, Rachel L. Richesson, Azam Ahmed, Priyanka J. Desai; CDSiC Standards and Regulatory Frameworks Workgroup; and Prashila M. Dullabh.
• Measurement and Outcomes Workgroup: Patient Prioritization of Measurement Areas for Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support
  Rachel T. Kurtzman, Priyanka J. Desai, Mustafa Ozkaynak, Polina Kukhareva, Frances Jiménez, Ruth Nwefo; CDSiC Measurement and Outcomes Workgroup; and Prashila M. Dullabh.
• Implementation, Adoption, and Scaling Workgroup: Landscape Assessment on the Use of Artificial Intelligence To Scale PC CDS
  Kensaku Kawamoto, Sofia Ryan, Krysta Heaney-Huls, Andrew B. Chiao, David Lobach, Priyanka J. Desai; CDSiC Implementation, Adoption, and Scaling Workgroup; and Prashila M. Dullabh.
• Measurement and Outcomes Workgroup: Inventory of Patient Preference Measurement Tools for PC CDS Report
  Mustafa Ozkaynak, Frances Jiménez, Rachel T. Kurtzman, Ruth Nwefo, Polina Kukhareva, Priyanka J. Desai; CDSiC Measurement and Outcomes Workgroup; and Prashila M. Dullabh.
• Trust and Patient-Centeredness Workgroup: Patient and Caregiver Perspectives on Generative Artificial Intelligence in Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support
  Priyanka Desai, Angela Dobes, Avantika Shah, Lindsay Abdulhay, Caroline Peterson, Jessica Ancker; CDSiC Trust and Patient-Centeredness Workgroup; and Prashila Dullabh.
• Clinical Decision Support Innovation Collaborative Base Period of Performance Report
  Prashila M. Dullabh, Janna R. Gordon, Rina V. Dhopeshwarkar, Priyanka J. Desai, Desirae Leaphart, Krysta Heaney-Huls, Courtney Zott, Frances Jiménez, Sofia Ryan, Caroline E. Peterson, Nicole Gauthreaux, and Lauren Adams.
• Outcomes and Objectives Workgroup: Integration of Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support Into Shared Decision Making
  Priyanka J. Desai, Karen Nanji, Prashila M. Dullabh, Elizabeth Cope, Marley Catlett, Jaime Adler, Sarah Weinberg, Magdalene Wellman, Brianna Bragg, Sarah Hoyt; CDSiC Outcomes and Objectives Workgroup; and Gil Kuperman.
• Outcomes and Objectives Workgroup: Patient-Focused Outcome Measures for Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support
  Gil Kuperman, Karen Nanji, Elizabeth Cope, Prashila M. Dullabh, Priyanka J. Desai, Sarah Hoyt, Marley Catlett, Sarah Weinberg; CDSiC Outcomes and Objectives Workgroup.
• Trust & Patient-Centeredness Workgroup: An Introductory Handbook for Patient Engagement Throughout the Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support Lifecycle
  Priyanka J. Desai, Courtney Zott, Nikki Gauthreaux, Angela Dobes, Tonya Hongsermeier, Elizabeth Cope, Rachel Dungan; CDSiC Trust and Patient-Centeredness Workgroup; and Prashila M. Dullabh.
• Scaling, Measurement, and Dissemination of CDS Workgroup: PC CDS Planning, Implementation, and Reporting User Guide
  Priyanka J. Desai, Jerome A. Osheroff, Sofia Ryan, Krysta Heaney-Huls, Frances Jiménez, Allison B. McCoy; CDSiC Scaling, Measurement, and Dissemination of CDS Workgroup; and Prashila M. Dullabh.
• Scaling, Measurement, and Dissemination Workgroup: PC CDS Performance Measurement Inventory User Guide
  Prashila M. Dullabh, Krysta Heaney-Huls, Priyanka J. Desai, Frances Jiménez, Sofia Ryan, Allison B. McCoy, Jerome A. Osheroff; CDSiC Scaling, Measurement, and Dissemination of CDS Workgroup.
• Standards and Regulatory Frameworks Workgroup: Advancing Standardized Representations for Patient Preferences to Support Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support
  Rachel L. Richesson, Prashila M. Dullabh, Desirae Leaphart, Kiran Correa, Priyanka J. Desai, Janna R. Gordon, Aziz Boxwala; CDSiC Standards and Regulatory Frameworks Workgroup.
• Standards and Regulatory Frameworks Workgroup: Improving Interoperability of Patient Apps With the Health IT Ecosystem
  Aziz Boxwala, Priyanka J. Desai, Janna R. Gordon, Desirae Leaphart, Kiran Correa, Rachel L. Richesson; CDSiC Standards and Regulatory Frameworks Workgroup; and Prashila M. Dullabh.
• Trust & Patient-Centeredness Workgroup: Methods for Involving End-users in PC CDS Co-design
  Prashila Dullabh, Rachel Dungan, Minakshi Raj, Marley Catlett, Sarah Weinberg, Frances Jimenez, Elizabeth Cope, Priyanka Desai, Angela Dobes; CDSiC Trust and Patient-Centeredness Workgroup; and Tonya Hongsermeier.
• Scaling, Measurement, and Dissemination of CDS Workgroup: Approaches to Measuring Patient-Centered CDS Workflow and Lifeflow Impact
  Priyanka J. Desai, Jerome A. Osheroff, Frances Jiménez, Krysta Heaney-Huls, Sofia Ryan, Allison B. McCoy; CDSiC Scaling, Measurement, and Dissemination of CDS Workgroup; and Prashila M. Dullabh.
• Trust & Patient-Centeredness Workgroup: Improving the Source Credibility of Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support Tools
  Tonya Hongsermeier, Angela Dobes, Elizabeth Cope, Prashila M. Dullabh, Priyanka J. Desai, Rachel Dungan, Marley Catlett, Sarah Weinberg; CDSiC Trust and Patient-Centeredness Workgroup.
• Outcomes and Objectives Workgroup: Taxonomy of Patient Preferences
  Gil Kuperman, Karen Nanji, Elizabeth Cope, Prashila M. Dullabh, Priyanka J. Desai, Marley Catlett, Sarah Weinberg, Sarah Hoyt; CDSiC Outcomes and Objectives Workgroup.
• Standards and Regulatory Frameworks Workgroup: Environmental Scan
  Prashila M. Dullabh, Priyanka J. Desai, Janna R. Gordon, Desirae Leaphart, Kala S. Wilson, Rachel L. Richesson; CDSiC Standards and Regulatory Frameworks Workgroup; and Aziz Boxwala.