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Oral Health in America: Advances and Challenges [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research(US); 2021 Dec.
Table 4Medical conditions with oral health consequences
| Medical condition | Oral health consequences |
|---|---|
| Alzheimer’s disease and other progressive dementias | Poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease, dry mouth, dental caries risk (Delwel et al. 2018) |
| Anemias | Pale mucosa, atrophic glossitis, angular stomatitis, oral candidiasis, aphthous-like ulcers (Adeyemo et al. 2011; McCord and Johnson 2017) |
| Bulimia nervosa | Dental erosion, dental caries, dry mouth, parotid enlargement (Bretz 2002) |
| Chronic kidney disease | Periodontitis (Deschamps-Lenhardt et al. 2019) |
| Diabetes | Periodontitis (Kocher et al. 2018) |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | Dental erosion (Lee et al. 2017) |
| HIV, other immune-suppressing conditions, sexually transmitted diseases | Mucosal disease (oral hairy leukoplakia, oral candidiasis, oral warts, oral Kaposi sarcoma, aphthous stomatitis, oral herpetic ulcers), herpes zoster lesions, salivary gland enlargement, necrotizing gingivitis, periodontitis (Shiboski et al. 2009) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease) | Cobblestoning and mucogingivitis, indurate mucosal tags, pyostomatitis vegetans, aphthous stomatitis and angular cheilitis, deep linear ulcerations and lip swelling with vertical fissures (Muhvić-Urek et al. 2016) |
| Interpersonal violence | Oral and dental trauma (mandible fracture, facial contusion and laceration, dental concussion) (Ferreira et al. 2014) |
| Medications that impact the mouth (including antidepressants, antihistamines/decongestants, antihypertensives, herbal products) | Salivary gland dysfunction, gingival overgrowth, angioedema, oral pigmentation, lichenoid lesions, dysgeusia/taste changes, bleeding/petechiae, alveolar bone loss, mucositis/stomatitis, neuropathy, chemo-osteonecrosis (Ciancio 2004) |
| Methamphetamine and other illicit substance use/abuse | Dry mouth, gingival inflammation, tooth wear, rampant caries—commonly called “meth mouth” (Stanciu et al. 2017) |
| Neoplastic hematologic disease, including leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and cancer chemotherapy | Mucositis, leukemic gingival infiltrates and inflammation, opportunistic infections, oral petechiae-ecchymosis, ulcers, tumor growth, periodontitis (McCord and Johnson 2017) |
| Osteoarthritis | Poor oral hygiene, temporomandibular joint pain (Kelsey and Lamster 2008) |
| Osteoporosis | Periodontitis, tooth loss (Kelsey and Lamster 2008) |
| Pregnancy | Gingival hyperplasia, morsicatio buccarum, oral candidiasis, pyogenic granuloma (Bett et al. 2019) |
| Radiation therapy for head and neck cancers | Oral mucositis, rampant caries, osteoradionecrosis, trismus of muscles of mastication, taste change (Sciubba and Goldenberg, 2006) |
| Sjögren’s Syndrome (and other autoimmune diseases) | Dry mouth/mucosa, salivary gland enlargement, oral candidiasis, rampant caries, oral ulcerations, taste changes/dysgeusia (Cartee et al. 2015) |
| Sleep disorders | Gingival inflammation, lower masticatory function (Carra et al. 2017) |
| Stroke and acquired brain injury | Poor oral hygiene, dental caries, dysphagia, xerostomia, tooth loss, gingivitis/periodontitis (Pillai et al. 2018) |
| Systemic sclerosis | Microstomia, caries, dry mouth, periodontal disease, gingival recession, mandibular bone resorption (Veale et al. 2016) |
| Thrombocytopenia and hemophilia | Petechiae and hemorrhagic bullae of mucosa, bleeding gingiva, spontaneous gingival bleeding (Adeyemo et al. 2011; McCord and Johnson 2017) |
Sources: Adapted from Akinkugben et al. (2017) and Weintraub et al. (2019).
- Table 4, Medical conditions with oral health consequences - Oral Health in Ameri...Table 4, Medical conditions with oral health consequences - Oral Health in America
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