An official website of the United States government
NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
Medications for Opioid Use Disorder: For Healthcare and Addiction Professionals, Policymakers, Patients, and Families: Updated 2021 [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 2018. (Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 63.)
| DRUG | POSITIVE TEST | WINDOW OF DETECTION* | COMMENTS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amphetamine; methamphetamine; 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine | Amphetamine | 1–2 days | False positives w/ bupropion, chlorpromazine, desipramine, fluoxetine, labetalol, promethazine, ranitidine, pseudoephedrine, trazadone, and other common medications. Confirm unexpected positive results with the laboratory. |
| Barbiturates | Barbiturates | Up to 6 weeks | N/A |
| Benzodiazepines | Benzodiazepines | 1–3 days; up to 6 weeks with heavy use of long-acting benzodiazepines | Immunoassays may not be sensitive to therapeutic doses, and most immunoassays have low sensitivity to clonazepam and lorazepam. Check with your laboratory regarding sensitivity and cutoffs. False positives with sertraline or oxaprozin. |
| Buprenorphine | Buprenorphine | 3–4 days | Will screen negative on opiate screen. Tramadol can cause false positives. Can be tested for specifically. |
| Cocaine | Cocaine, benzoylecgonine | 2–4 days; 10–22 days with heavy use | N/A |
| Codeine | Morphine, codeine, high-dose hydrocodone | 1–2 days | Will screen positive on opiate immunoassay. |
| Fentanyl | Fentanyl | 1–2 days | Will screen negative on opiate screen. Can be tested for specifically. May not detect all fentanyl-like substances.17 |
| Heroin | Morphine, codeine | 1–2 days | Will screen positive on opiate immunoassay. 6-monoacetylmorphine, a unique metabolite of heroin, is present in urine for about 6 hours. Can be tested for specifically to distinguish morphine from heroin, but this is rarely clinically useful. |
| Hydrocodone | Hydrocodone, hydromorphone | 2 days | May screen negative on opiate immunoassay. Can be tested for specifically. |
| Hydromorphone | May not be detected | 1–2 days | May screen negative on opiate immunoassay. Can be tested for specifically. |
| Marijuana | Tetrahydrocannabinol | Infrequent use of 1–3 days; chronic use of up to 30 days | False positives possible with efavirenz, ibuprofen, and pantoprazole. |
| Methadone | Methadone | 2–11 days | Will screen negative on opiate screen. Can be tested for specifically. |
| Morphine | Morphine, hydromorphone | 1–2 days | Will screen positive on opiate immunoassay. Ingestion of poppy plant/seed may screen positive. |
| Oxycodone | Oxymorphone | 1–1.5 days | Typically screens negative on opiate immunoassay. Can be tested for specifically. |
Detection time may vary depending on the cutoff.
From: Part 5, Resources Related to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder
This is an open-access report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain License. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.
Your browsing activity is empty.
Activity recording is turned off.
See more...
