| Level 1: Technical Efficacy |
|---|
| In the laboratory setting, does the test measure what it purports to measure? |
| Level 2: Diagnostic Accuracy Efficacy |
| What are the medical test characteristics of the test (e.g., sensitivity, specificity)? Does the test result distinguish patients with and without the target disorder among patients in whom it is clinically reasonable to suspect that the disease is present? |
| Level 3: Diagnostic Thinking efficacy |
| Does the medical test help clinicians come to a diagnosis? Does the test change clinician's pretest estimate of the probability of a specific disease? |
| Level 4: Therapeutic Efficacy |
| Does the medical test aid in planning treatment? Does the medical test change or cancel planned treatments? |
| Level 5. Patient Outcome Efficacy |
| Do patients benefit from the use of the test? Do patients who undergo this medical test fare better than similar patients who are not tested? |
| Level 6. Societal Efficacy |
| Cost–benefit and cost-effectiveness |
From: Results
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