Duloxetine effective for fibromyalgia in some women. J Fam Pract. 2006 May;55(5):382. PMID: 16722009. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 16722009]

Accardo S, Seriolo B, Samanta E, et al. Controlled-release naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1991;49(6):936–42. Exclusion: 3

Acevedo E, Castaneda O, Ugaz M, et al. Tolerability profiles of rofecoxib (Vioxx) and Arthrotec. A comparison of six weeks treatment in patients with osteoarthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 2001;30(1):19–24. doi: 10.1080/030097401750065274 PMID: 11252687. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 11252687] [CrossRef]

Admani AK, Verma S. A study of sulindac versus ibuprofen in elderly patients with osteoarthritis. Curr Med Res Opin. 1983;8(5):315–20. doi: 10.1185/03007998309112390. PMID: 6839797. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 6839797] [CrossRef]

Agrawal N, Van Kerckhove HE, Erhardt LJ, et al. Misoprostol coadministered with diclofenac for prevention of gastroduodenal ulcers. A one-year study. Dig Dis Sci. 1995 May;40(5):1125–31. doi: 10.1007/BF02064210. PMID: 7729275. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7729275] [CrossRef]

Agrawal NM, Roth S, Graham DY, et al. Misoprostol compared with sucralfate in the prevention of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastric ulcer. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1991 Aug 1;115(3):195–200. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-115-3-195. PMID: 1905501. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 1905501] [CrossRef]

Ahern MJ, Wetherall M, Leslie A, et al. A comparison of ketoprofen SR and sulindac in the elderly with rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Clin Pract. 1992 Winter;46(4):229–33. PMID: 1290729. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 1290729]

Ahmed M, Aamir R, Jishi Z, et al. The effects of milnacipran on sleep disturbance in fibromyalgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2016 Jan;12(1):79–86. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.5400. PMID: 26414990. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC4702190] [PubMed: 26414990] [CrossRef]

Aicher B, Peil H, Peil B, et al. Pain measurement: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) in clinical trials with OTC analgesics in headache. Cephalalgia. 2012 Feb;32(3):185–97. doi: 10.1177/0333102411430856. PMID: 22332207. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 22332207] [CrossRef]

Al MJ, Maniadakis N, Grijseels EW, et al. Costs and effects of various analgesic treatments for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis in the Netherlands. Value Health. 2008 Jul-Aug;11(4):589–99. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00303.x. PMID: 18194404. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 18194404] [CrossRef]

Alballa S, Al-Arfaj H, Al-Sugair S, et al. Randomized, double-blind, short-term trial of nabumetone versus diclofenac in osteoarthritis of the knee. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1992;52(4):581–6. doi: 10.1016/S0011-393X(05)80465-5. Exclusion: 10 [CrossRef]

Alballa S, AlNasser A, AlArfaj H, et al. A randomized double-blind short-term trial of tenoxicam versus piroxicam in osteoarthritis of the knee. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1990;47(3):591–6. Exclusion: 10

Alcoff J, Jones E, Rust P, et al. Controlled trial of imipramine for chronic low back pain. J Fam Pract. 1982 May;14(5):841–6. PMID: 6210751. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 6210751]

Alda M, Luciano JV, Andres E, et al. Effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy for the treatment of catastrophisation in patients with fibromyalgia: a randomised controlled trial. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011;13(5):R173. doi: 10.1186/ar3496. PMID: 22018333. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC3308108] [PubMed: 22018333] [CrossRef]

Aldrete JA, Aldrete VT, Williams SK, et al. Reduction of neuropathic pain in patients with arachnoiditis: crossover study of gabapentin versus phenytoin. Pain digest. 2000;10(2):64–7. Exclusion: 6

Alexander SJ. Clinical experience with naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Intern Med. 1975 Nov;135(11):1429–35. PMID: 1103765. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 1103765]

Alharbi GS, Chen LC, Knaggs R. Efficacy of anticonvulsant, antidepressant and opioid in treating neuropathic pain - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2016;25:(Suppl 3):583–4. doi: 10.1002/pds.4070. Exclusion: 8 [CrossRef]

Alho A, Jaer O, Slungaard U, et al. Piroxicam and naproxen in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip waiting for total hip replacement. Clin Rheumatol. 1988 Jun;7(2):208–13. PMID: 3046826. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 3046826]

al-Quorain AA, Satti MB, Marwah S, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastropathy: a comparative endoscopic and histopathological evaluation of the effects of tenoxicam and diclofenac. J Int Med Res. 1993 Mar-Apr;21(2):89–97. doi: 10.1177/030006059302100204. PMID: 8243794. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 8243794] [CrossRef]

Al-Sharkawi MS. A multicentre study of diclofenac sodium slow-release (Voltaren Retard) in the treatment of rheumatic disorders in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Int Med Res. 1984;12(4):244–9. doi: 10.1177/030006058401200404. PMID: 6381168. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 6381168] [CrossRef]

Altman RD, Dreiser R-L, Fisher CL, et al. Diclofenac sodium gel in patients with primary hand osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Rheumatol. 2009 Sep;36(9):1991–9. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.081316. PMID: 19648310. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 19648310] [CrossRef]

Altman RD, Moskowitz R. Intraarticular sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized clinical trial. Hyalgan Study Group.[Erratum appears in J Rheumatol 1999 May;26(5):1216]. J Rheumatol. 1998 Nov;25(11):2203–12. PMID: 9818665. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 9818665]

Altman RD, Strand V, Hochberg MC, et al. Low-dose SoluMatrix diclofenac in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a 1-year, open-label, phase III safety study. Postgrad Med. 2015 Jun;127(5):517–28. doi: 10.1080/00325481.2015.1040716. PMID: 25913498. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 25913498] [CrossRef]

Amante CM. Randomized comparative study on programmed released ketoprofen vs. piroxicam in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Philippine Journal of Internal Medicine. 1988;26(2):69–73. Exclusion: 3

Ambanelli U, Nervetti A, Colombo B, et al. Piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin in the treatment of rheumatic diseases: a prospective study. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1990;48(1):58–68. Exclusion: 3

Ambanelli U, Nervetti A, Colombo B, et al. β-cyclodextrin-piroxicam in the treatment of rheumatic diseases: a prospective study. J Drug Development. 1991;4(1):55–66. Exclusion: 3

Ammitzboll F. Fenbufen and indomethacin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A comparative double-blind, crossover study. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1979(23):5–10. PMID: 373083. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 373083]

Anderberg UM, Marteinsdottir I, von Knorring L. Citalopram in patients with fibromyalgia-a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Pain. 2000;4(1):27–35. doi: 10.1053/eujp.1999.0148. PMID: 10833553. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 10833553] [CrossRef]

Anderson JA, Lee P, Webb J, et al. Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of ketoprofen in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Med Res Opin. 1974;2(4):189–97. doi: 10.1185/03007997409112306. PMID: 4601567. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 4601567] [CrossRef]

Anderson JJ, Firschein HE, Meenan RF. Sensitivity of a health status measure to short-term clinical changes in arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1989 Jul;32(7):844–50. PMID: 2665756. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 2665756]

Andrew A, Rodda B, Verhaest L, et al. Diflunisal: six-month experience in osteoarthritis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1977 Feb;4: Suppl 1:45S–52S. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1977.tb04514.x. PMID: 328034. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC1428844] [PubMed: 328034] [CrossRef]

Anonymous. Clinical evaluation of ketoprofen in rheumatoid arthritis-early phase II study by multi-clinical trial. New drug research group. Ryumachi. 1973 Jul;13(3):256–60. PMID: 4755623. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 4755623]

Anonymous. Migraine treated with an antihistamine-analgesic combination. Practitioner. 1973 Sep;211(263):357–61. PMID: 4148490. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 4148490]

Anonymous. The simultaneous assessment of four nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis using a simple and rapid trial design. Australasia Multicentre Trial Group. J Rheumatol. 1980 Nov-Dec;7(6):857–64. PMID: 7009858. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 7009858]

Anonymous. Piroxicam vs indomethacin: a double blind multicenter comparative study in osteoarthritis. A Canadian Multicenter Study. J Rheumatol. 1985 Apr;12(2):328–36. PMID: 3897535. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3897535]

Anonymous. A double blind comparison of piroxicam and enteric coated ASA in rheumatoid arthritis. A cooperative multicenter Canadian trial. J Rheumatol. 1985 Feb;12(1):68–77. PMID: 3884806. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3884806]

Anonymous. Nabumetone: new preparation. Just another NSAID. Prescrire Int. 2000 Apr;9(46):43–6. PMID: 11503785. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 11503785]

Ansell BM, Carter ME, Gumpel JM, et al. Clinical studies with tolmetin: open study and a double-blind cross-over comparison with aspirin in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1978 Aug;17(3):150–4. PMID: 360360. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 360360]

Anthony M, Lance JW. Indomethacin in migraine. Med J Aust. 1968 Jan 13;1(2):56–7. PMID: 4867513. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 4867513]

Arai Y-CP, Matsubara T, Shimo K, et al. Low-dose gabapentin as useful adjuvant to opioids for neuropathic cancer pain when combined with low-dose imipramine. J Anesth. 2010 Jun;24(3):407–10. doi: 10.1007/s00540-010-0913-6 PMID: 20217150. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 20217150] [CrossRef]

Argoff CE. Review of current guidelines on the care of postherpetic neuralgia. Postgrad Med. 2011 Sep;123(5):134–42. doi: 10.3810/pgm.2011.09.2469. PMID: 21904096. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 21904096] [CrossRef]

Argyriou AA, Chroni E, Polychronopoulos P, et al. Efficacy of oxcarbazepine for prophylaxis against cumulative oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy. Neurology. 2006 Dec 26;67(12):2253–5. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000249344.99671.d4. PMID: 17190958. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 17190958] [CrossRef]

Armstrong DG, Chappell AS, Le TK, et al. Duloxetine for the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain: evaluation of functional outcomes.[Erratum appears in Pain Med. 2007 Nov-Dec;8(8):690]. Pain Med. 2007 Jul-Aug;8(5):410–8. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00276.x. PMID: 17661854. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 17661854] [CrossRef]

Arnold LM. Duloxetine and other antidepressants in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. Pain Med. 2007 Sep;8:(Suppl 2):S63–74. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2006.00178.x. PMID: 17714117. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 17714117] [CrossRef]

Arnold LM, Arsenault P, Huffman C, et al. Corrections to: once-daily controlled-release pregabalin in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia: a phase III, double-blind, randomized withdrawal, placebo-controlled study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2017 Apr;33(4):795–6. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1292446. PMID: 28276874. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 28276874] [CrossRef]

Arnold LM, Arsenault P, Huffman C, et al. Once daily controlled-release pregabalin in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia: a phase III, double-blind, randomized withdrawal, placebo-controlled study.[Erratum appears in Curr Med Res Opin. 2017 Apr;33(4):795-796; PMID: 28276874]. Curr Med Res Opin. 2014 Oct;30(10):2069–83. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2014.928275. PMID: 24867298. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 24867298] [CrossRef]

Arnold LM, Bateman L, Palmer RH, et al. Preliminary experience using milnacipran in patients with juvenile fibromyalgia: lessons from a clinical trial program. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2015 Jun 26;13:27. doi: 10.1186/s12969-015-0025-9. PMID: 26112278. Exclusion: 4 [PMC free article: PMC4480575] [PubMed: 26112278] [CrossRef]

Arnold LM, Choy E, Clauw DJ, et al. An evidence-based review of pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia. Curr Med Res Opin. 2018 Aug;34(8):1397–409. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2018.1450743. PMID: 29519159. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 29519159] [CrossRef]

Arnold LM, Crofford LJ, Martin SA, et al. The effect of anxiety and depression on improvements in pain in a randomized, controlled trial of pregabalin for treatment of fibromyalgia. Pain Med. 2007 Nov-Dec;8(8):633–8. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00332.x. PMID: 18028041. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 18028041] [CrossRef]

Arnold LM, Emir B, Pauer L, et al. Time to improvement of pain and sleep quality in clinical trials of pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia. Pain Med. 2015 Jan;16(1):176–85. doi: 10.1111/pme.12636. PMID: 25529830. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 25529830] [CrossRef]

Arnold LM, Hess EV, Hudson JI, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, flexible-dose study of fluoxetine in the treatment of women with fibromyalgia. Am J Med. 2002 Feb 15;112(3):191–7. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9343(01)01089-0. PMID: 11893345. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 11893345] [CrossRef]

Arnold LM, Pritchett YL, D’Souza DN, et al. Duloxetine for the treatment of fibromyalgia in women: pooled results from two randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2007 Oct;16(8):1145–56. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2006.0213. PMID: 17937567. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 17937567] [CrossRef]

Arnold LM, Sarzi-Puttini P, Arsenault P, et al. Efficacy and safety of pregabalin in patients with fibromyalgia and comorbid depression taking concurrent antidepressant medication: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Rheumatol. 2015 Jul;42(7):1237–44. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.141196. PMID: 26034150. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 26034150] [CrossRef]

Ashina S, Bendtsen L, Jensen R. Analgesic effect of amitriptyline in chronic tension-type headache is not directly related to serotonin reuptake inhibition. Pain. 2004 Mar;108(1-2):108–14. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2003.12.012. PMID: 15109513. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 15109513] [CrossRef]

Astorga G. Double-blind, parallel clinical trial of tenoxicam (Ro 12-0068) versus piroxicam in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1987;9(2):70–3. PMID: 3329111. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3329111]

Atalay H, Solak Y, Biyik Z, et al. Cross-over, open-label trial of the effects of gabapentin versus pregabalin on painful peripheral neuropathy and health-related quality of life in haemodialysis patients. Clin Drug Investig. 2013 Jun;33(6):401–8. doi: 10.1007/s40261-013-0080-2. PMID: 23572323. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 23572323] [CrossRef]

Ataoglu S, Ataoglu A, Erdogan F, et al. Comparison of paroxetine, amitriptyline in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Turk J Med Sci. 1997;27(6):535–9. Exclusion: 3

Atkinson M, Germain G, Lee P. The efficacy and safety of sulindac (400 mg vs 600 mg daily) in rheumatoid arthritis. A Canadian multicentre study. J Rheumatol. 1988 Jun;15(6):1001–4. PMID: 3047380. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 3047380]

Atra E, Metz CA, Brown BL, et al. Flurbiprofen versus diclofenac for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. DICP. 1990 Oct;24(10):920–3. PMID: 2244403. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 2244403]

Averbuch M, Katzper M. Assessment of visual analog versus categorical scale for measurement of osteoarthritis pain. J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Apr;44(4):368–72. doi: 10.1177/0091270004263995. PMID: 15051743. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 15051743] [CrossRef]

Aylward M, Maddock J, Lewis PA, et al. Mefenamic acid and diclofenac sodium in osteoarthritis of the weight bearing joints: a double blind comparison. Br J Clin Pract. 1985 Apr;39(4):135–9. PMID: 3893502. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3893502]

Aylward M, Maddock J, Parker RJ, et al. Evaluation of tolmetin in the treatment of arthritis: open and controlled double-blind studies. Curr Med Res Opin. 1976;4(2):158–69. doi: 10.1185/03007997609109297. PMID: 776539. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 776539] [CrossRef]

Aylward M, Parker RJ, Holly F, et al. Long-term study of indomethacin and alclofenac in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Br Med J. 1975 Apr 5;2(5961):7–9. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5961.7. PMID: 236805. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC1672980] [PubMed: 236805] [CrossRef]

Backonja M, Beydoun A, Edwards KR, et al. Gabapentin for the symptomatic treatment of painful neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998 Dec 2;280(21):1831–6. doi: 10.1001/jama.280.21.1831. PMID: 9846777. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 9846777] [CrossRef]

Backonja MM. Gabapentin monotherapy for the symptomatic treatment of painful neuropathy: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with diabetes mellitus. Epilepsia. 1999;40: Suppl 6:S57–9; discussion S73–4. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00934.x. PMID: 10530684. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 10530684] [CrossRef]

Bacon PA. Safety profile of etodolac in the elderly population. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1994;14(1):19–22. PMID: 7744124. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 7744124]

Bacon PA, Davies J, Ring FJ. Benoxaprofen-dose-range studies using quantitative thermography. J Rheumatol Suppl. 1980;6:48–53. PMID: 6993672. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 6993672]

Baer PA, Thomas LM, Shainhouse Z. Treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee with a topical diclofenac solution: a randomised controlled, 6-week trial [ISRCTN53366886]. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2005 Aug 8;6(44) doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-6-44. PMID: 16086839. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC1201146] [PubMed: 16086839] [CrossRef]

Bahous I. Double-blind multicentre, between patients comparison of two different doses of indoprofen and one of indomethacin in osteoarthritis. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1981;4(1):118–25. PMID: 7042355. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7042355]

Bain LS, el-Ghobarey AF, Collins RM, et al. Tolmetin: an evaluation of a new preparation in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Clin Pract. 1975 Aug;29(8):208–10. PMID: 1100086. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 1100086]

Bakshi R. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of two diclofenac formulations in the treatment of painful osteoarthritis. Br J Clin Pract. 1996 Sep;50(6):294–7. PMID: 8983316. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 8983316]

Balme HW, Wojtulewski JA, Huskisson EC. Clinical experience with tolmetin sodium. Curr Med Res Opin. 1980;7(2):127–30. doi: 10.1185/03007998009112039. PMID: 7002482. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 7002482] [CrossRef]

Banerjee M, Pal S, Bhattacharya B, et al. A comparative study of efficacy and safety of gabapentin versus amitriptyline as coanalgesics in patients receiving opioid analgesics for neuropathic pain in malignancy. Indian J Pharmacol. 2013 Jul-Aug;45(4):334–8. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.115000. PMID: 24014906. Exclusion: 4 [PMC free article: PMC3757599] [PubMed: 24014906] [CrossRef]

Bank J. A comparative study of amitriptyline and fluvoxamine in migraine prophylaxis. Headache. 1994 Sep;34(8):476–8. PMID: 7960733. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7960733]

Bannuru RR, Schmid CH, Kent DM, et al. Comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic interventions for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Jan 06;162(1):46–54. doi: 10.7326/M14-1231. PMID: 25560713. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 25560713] [CrossRef]

Bannwarth B. Safety of the nonselective NSAID nabumetone: focus on gastrointestinal tolerability. Drug Saf. 2008;31(6):485–503. doi: 10.2165/00002018-200831060-00004. PMID: 18484783. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 18484783] [CrossRef]

Bansal D, Bhansali A, Hota D, et al. Amitriptyline vs. pregabalin in painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized double blind clinical trial. Diabet Med. 2009 Oct;26(10):1019–26. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02806.x. PMID: 19900234. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 19900234] [CrossRef]

Baraf HS, Gloth FM, Barthel HR, et al. Safety and efficacy of topical diclofenac sodium gel for knee osteoarthritis in elderly and younger patients: pooled data from three randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multicentre trials. Drugs Aging. 2011 Jan 1;28(1):27–40. doi: 10.2165/11584880-000000000-00000. PMID: 21174485. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 21174485] [CrossRef]

Baraf HSB, Fuentealba C, Greenwald M, et al. Tolerability and effectiveness of etoricoxib compared to diclofenac sodium in patients with osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled study (EDGE trial). Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(9):S346–7. Exclusion: 3

Barnard-Jones K, Davies RW, Lalla O, et al. Mefenamic acid versus ibuprofen in osteoarthritis-a double-blind cross-over study. Br J Clin Pract. 1986 Dec;40(12):528–31. PMID: 3307863. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 3307863]

Baron R, Mayoral V, Leijon G, et al. 5% lidocaine medicated plaster versus pregabalin in post-herpetic neuralgia and diabetic polyneuropathy: an open-label, non-inferiority two-stage RCT study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009 Jul;25(7):1663–76. doi: 10.1185/03007990903047880. PMID: 19485723. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 19485723] [CrossRef]

Baron R, Mayoral V, Leijon G, et al. Efficacy and safety of combination therapy with 5% lidocaine medicated plaster and pregabalin in post-herpetic neuralgia and diabetic polyneuropathy. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009 Jul;25(7):1677–87. doi: 10.1185/03007990903048078. PMID: 19480610. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 19480610] [CrossRef]

Barraclough DR, Lenaghan E, Muirden KD. A comparison of flurbiprofen and aspirin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Med J Aust. 1974 Dec 28;2(26):925–7. PMID: 4616159. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 4616159]

Battagliotti CA, Baetti EA. Clinical, double-blind long-term study of tenoxicam 20 mg (Ro 12-0068) versus piroxicam 20 mg in patients with gonarthrosis. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1987;9(2):74–6. PMID: 3329112. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3329112]

Baumgartner H, Hohmeister R, Blumenberg-Novoselac N. An observer-blind crossover study to compare the efficacies of flurbiprofen, indomethacin and naproxen given orally and rectally in the relief of night pain and morning stiffness due to rheumatoid arthritis. J Int Med Res. 1988 May-Jun;16(3):189–96. doi: 10.1177/030006058801600304. PMID: 2457523. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 2457523] [CrossRef]

Bayley TR, Haslock I. Night medication in rheumatoid arthritis. J R Coll Gen Pract. 1976 Aug;26(169):591–4. PMID: 787518. Exclusion: 4 [PMC free article: PMC2158317] [PubMed: 787518]

Bedaiwi MK, Sari I, Wallis D, et al. Clinical Efficacy of Celecoxib Compared to Acetaminophen in Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2016 Jun;68(6):845–52. doi: 10.1002/acr.22753. PMID: 26474041. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 26474041] [CrossRef]

Beesdo K, Hartford J, Russell J, et al. The short- and long-term effect of duloxetine on painful physical symptoms in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: results from three clinical trials. J Anxiety Disord. 2009 Dec;23(8):1064–71. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.07.008. PMID: 19643572. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 19643572] [CrossRef]

Beghi E. The use of anticonvulsants in neurological conditions other than epilepsy: A review of the evidence from randomized controlled trials. CNS Drugs. 1999;11(1):61–82. Exclusion: 6

Bellamy N, Beaulieu A, Bombardier C, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of enteric-coated naproxen in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind comparison with standard naproxen followed by an open-label trial. Curr Med Res Opin. 1992;12(10):640–51. doi: 10.1185/03007999209111531. PMID: 1633722. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 1633722] [CrossRef]

Bellamy N, Bensen WG, Beaulieu A, et al. A multicenter study of nabumetone and diclofenac SR in patients with osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 1995 May;22(5):915–20. PMID: 8587082. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 8587082]

Bellamy N, Buchanan WW, Goldsmith CH, et al. Validation study of WOMAC: a health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. J Rheumatol. 1988 Dec;15(12):1833–40. PMID: 3068365. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3068365]

Bellamy N, Wells G, Campbell J. Relationship between severity and clinical importance of symptoms in osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 1991 Jun;10(2):138–43. PMID: 1914413. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 1914413]

Bellavance AJ, Meloche JP. A comparative study of naproxen sodium, pizotyline and placebo in migraine prophylaxis. Headache. 1990 Nov;30(11):710–5. PMID: 2074163. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 2074163]

Bendtsen L, Jensen R. Amitriptyline reduces myofascial tenderness in patients with chronic tension-type headache. Cephalalgia. 2000 Jul;20(6):603–10. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-2982.2000.00087.x. PMID: 11075846. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 11075846] [CrossRef]

Bendtsen L, Jensen R, Olesen J. A non-selective (amitriptyline), but not a selective (citalopram), serotonin reuptake inhibitor is effective in the prophylactic treatment of chronic tension-type headache. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1996 Sep;61(3):285–90. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.61.3.285. PMID: 8795600. Exclusion: 4 [PMC free article: PMC486552] [PubMed: 8795600] [CrossRef]

Benhamou M, Gossec L, Dougados M. Clinical relevance of C-reactive protein in ankylosing spondylitis and evaluation of the NSAIDs/coxibs’ treatment effect on C-reactive protein. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010 Mar;49(3):536–41. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kep393. PMID: 20028728. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 20028728] [CrossRef]

Bennett RM. A 12-week, double-blind, multicenter study comparing diflunisal twice daily and ibuprofen four times daily in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Ther. 1986;9(Suppl C):27–36. PMID: 3548984. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3548984]

Bennett RM. Antidepressants do not have better results than placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia in Brazil. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2002 Aug;4(4):284–5. PMID: 12166412. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 12166412]

Bennett RM, Gatter RA, Campbell SM, et al. A comparison of cyclobenzaprine and placebo in the management of fibrositis. A double-blind controlled study. Arthritis Rheum. 1988 Dec;31(12):1535–42. doi: 10.1002/art.1780311210. PMID: 3058130. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 3058130] [CrossRef]

Bennett RM, Kamin M, Karim R, et al. Tramadol and acetaminophen combination tablets in the treatment of fibromyalgia pain: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am J Med. 2003 May;114(7):537–45. PMID: 12753877. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 12753877]

Bensen WG, Zhao SZ, Burke TA, et al. Upper gastrointestinal tolerability of celecoxib, a COX-2 specific inhibitor, compared to naproxen and placebo. J Rheumatol. 2000 Aug;27(8):1876–83. PMID: 10955327. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 10955327]

Benson M, Marangou A, Russo MA, et al. Patient preference for sustained-release versus standard paracetamol (acetaminophen): a multicentre, randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study in subjects with knee osteoarthritis. J Int Med Res. 2009 Sep-Oct;37(5):1321–35. doi: 10.1177/147323000903700507. PMID: 19930837. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 19930837] [CrossRef]

Benvenuti C, Longoni L. Multicentre study on effectiveness and safety of flurbiprofen versus alternative therapy in 738 rheumatic patients. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1983;34(1):30–44. Exclusion: 9

Berkowitz J, Rogenes P, Sharp J, et al. Ranitidine protects against gastroduodenal mucosal damage associated with chronic aspirin therapy. Arch Intern Med. 1987 Dec;147(12):2137–9. doi: 10.1001/archinte.1987.00370120073014. PMID: 3689065. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 3689065] [CrossRef]

Berkowitz SS, Bernhard G, Bilka PJ, et al. Tolmetin versus placebo for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a sequential double-blind clinical trial. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1974 May;16(5):442–51. PMID: 4209061. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 4209061]

Berry H, Bloom B, Mace BEW, et al. Comparison of indoprofen (Flosint) and diclofenac in rheumatoid arthritis. A placebo controlled trial. Clinical Trials Journal. 1982;19(4):248–59. Exclusion: 6

Berry H, Swinson D, Jones J, et al. Indomethacin and naproxen suppositories in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1978 Aug;37(4):370–2. doi: 10.1136/ard.37.4.370. PMID: 356764. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC1000247] [PubMed: 356764] [CrossRef]

Bertagnolli MM, Eagle CJ, Zauber AG, et al. Celecoxib for the prevention of sporadic colorectal adenomas. N Engl J Med. 2006 Aug 31;355(9):873–84. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa061355. PMID: 16943400. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 16943400] [CrossRef]

Bertin P, Behier JM, Noel E, et al. Celecoxib is as efficacious as naproxen in the management of acute shoulder pain. J Int Med Res. 2003 Mar-Apr;31(2):102–12. doi: 10.1177/147323000303100206. PMID: 12760313. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 12760313] [CrossRef]

Bestard JA, Toth CC. An open-label comparison of nabilone and gabapentin as adjuvant therapy or monotherapy in the management of neuropathic pain in patients with peripheral neuropathy. Pain pract. 2011 Jul-Aug;11(4):353–68. doi: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2010.00427.x. PMID: 21087411. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 21087411] [CrossRef]

Bianchi M, Broggini M. A randomised, double-blind, clinical trial comparing the efficacy of nimesulide, celecoxib and rofecoxib in osteoarthritis of the knee. Drugs. 2003;63:(Suppl 1):37–46. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200363001-00006. PMID: 14506910. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 14506910] [CrossRef]

Bidari A, Moazen-Zadeh E, Ghavidel-Parsa B, et al. Comparing duloxetine and pregabalin for treatment of pain and depression in women with fibromyalgia: an open-label randomized clinical trial. Daru. 2019 Jun;27(1):149–58. doi: 10.1007/s40199-019-00257-4. PMID: 30877484. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC6593027] [PubMed: 30877484] [CrossRef]

Biegert C, Wagner I, Ludtke R, et al. Efficacy and safety of willow bark extract in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: results of 2 randomized double-blind controlled trials. J Rheumatol. 2004 Nov;31(11):2121–30. PMID: 15517622. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 15517622]

Bijlsma A. The long-term efficacy and tolerability of Voltaren (diclofenac sodium) and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1978;7(22):74–80. doi: 10.3109/03009747809097221. PMID: 356250. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 356250] [CrossRef]

Bingham CO, 3rd, Bird SR, Smugar SS, et al. Responder analysis and correlation of outcome measures: pooled results from two identical studies comparing etoricoxib, celecoxib, and placebo in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008 Nov;16(11):1289–93. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.04.009. PMID: 18514551. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 18514551] [CrossRef]

Bingham CO, 3rd, Smugar SS, Wang H, et al. Predictors of response to cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors in osteoarthritis: pooled results from two identical trials comparing etoricoxib, celecoxib, and placebo. Pain Med. 2011 Mar;12(3):352–61. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01060.x. PMID: 21332932. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 21332932] [CrossRef]

Bird HA, Clarke AK, Fowler PD, et al. An assessment of tenoxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug of long half-life, in patients with impaired renal function suffering from osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 1989 Dec;8(4):453–60. PMID: 2692947. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 2692947]

Blechman W, Willkens R, Boncaldo GL, et al. Naproxen in osteoarthrosis. Double-blind crossover trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 1978 Feb;37(1):80–4. doi: 10.1136/ard.37.1.80. PMID: 343726. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC1000197] [PubMed: 343726] [CrossRef]

Blechman WJ, Zane S. Fenoprofen calcium in steroid treated rheumatoid arthritis: efficacy, safety, and steroid-sparing effect. J Rheumatol. 1976;2:38–42. PMID: 781229. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 781229]

Bluhm GB, MacIlwain HH, Offen WW. Enteric-coated fenoprofen in large-joint osteoarthritis. Henry Ford Hosp Med J. 1988;36(1):56–60. PMID: 3294214. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3294214]

Blumenthal DE, Malemud CJ. Recent strategies for drug development in fibromyalgia syndrome. Expert Rev Neurother. 2016 Dec;16(12):1407–11. doi: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1207531. PMID: 27362466. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 27362466] [CrossRef]

Bobrove AM, Calin A. Efficacy and tolerance of a novel precision-dose formulation of indomethacin: double-blind trials in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Curr Med Res Opin. 1983;8: Suppl 2:55–61. doi: 10.1185/03007998309109824. PMID: 6342962. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 6342962] [CrossRef]

Bocanegra T, Weaver AL, Tindall EA, et al. Diclofenac/misoprostol compared with diclofenac in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee or hip: a randomized, placebo controlled trial. Arthrotec Osteoarthritis Study Group. J Rheumatol. 1998 Aug;25(8):1602–11. PMID: 9712107. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 9712107]

Boey ML, Rae S, Feng PH. Comparison of efficacy of and tolerance to ketoprofen and diclofenac sodium in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Singapore Med J. 1988 Jun;29(3):240–5. PMID: 3187575. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3187575]

Bohlooli S, Jastan M, Nakhostin-Roohi B, et al. A pilot double-blinded, randomized, clinical trial of topical virgin olive oil versus piroxicam gel in osteoarthritis of the knee. J Clin Rheumatol. 2012 Mar;18(2):99–101. doi: 10.1097/RHU.0b013e31824a47b5. PMID: 22334264. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 22334264] [CrossRef]

Bolten W, Gomes JA, Stead H, et al. The gastroduodenal safety and efficacy of the fixed combination of diclofenac and misoprostol in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Br J Rheumatol. 1992 Nov;31(11):753–8. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/31.11.753. PMID: 1450797. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 1450797] [CrossRef]

Bombardier C, Laine L, Reicin A, et al. Comparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. VIGOR Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2000 Nov 23;343(21):1520–8. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200011233432103. PMID: 11087881. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 11087881] [CrossRef]

Bombardier C, Peloso PM, Goldsmith CH, et al. Salsalate, a nonacetylated salicylate, is as efficacious as diclofenac in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1995 Apr;22(4):617–24. PMID: 7791151. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 7791151]

Bone M, Critchley P, Buggy DJ. Gabapentin in postamputation phantom limb pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2002 Sep-Oct;27(5):481–6. doi: 10.1053/rapm.2002.35169. PMID: 12373695. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 12373695] [CrossRef]

Bonney SL, Northington RS, Hedrich DA, et al. Renal safety of two analgesics used over the counter: ibuprofen and aspirin. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1986 Oct;40(4):373–7. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1986.193. PMID: 3530585. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 3530585] [CrossRef]

Bookman AA, Williams KS, Shainhouse JZ. Effect of a topical diclofenac solution for relieving symptoms of primary osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ. 2004 Aug 17;171(4):333–8. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.1031793. PMID: 15313991. Exclusion: 10 [PMC free article: PMC509045] [PubMed: 15313991] [CrossRef]

Boomershine CS. First pregabalin and now duloxetine for fibromyalgia syndrome: Closer to a brave new world? Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2008 Dec;4(12):636–7. doi: 10.1038/ncprheum0938. PMID: 18982001. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 18982001] [CrossRef]

Borms T. Comparison of injectable formulations of tiaprofenic acid and ketoprofen in acute lumbar sciatica. Single-blind randomised trial. Drugs. 1988;35: Suppl 1:85–7. doi: 10.2165/00003495-198800351-00019. PMID: 3282869. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3282869] [CrossRef]

Bouhassira D, Wilhelm S, Schacht A, et al. Neuropathic pain phenotyping as a predictor of treatment response in painful diabetic neuropathy: data from the randomized, double-blind, COMBO-DN study. Pain. 2014 Oct;155(10):2171–9. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.08.020. PMID: 25168665. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 25168665] [CrossRef]

Bowen LL, McRae-Clark AL. Therapeutic benefit of smoked cannabis in randomized placebo-controlled studies. Pharmacotherapy. 2018 Jan;38(1):80–5. doi: 10.1002/phar.2064. PMID: 29178487. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC5766362] [PubMed: 29178487] [CrossRef]

Bowsher D. The effects of pre-emptive treatment of postherpetic neuralgia with amitriptyline: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1997 Jun;13(6):327–31. PMID: 9204652. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 9204652]

Brackertz B, Busson M. Comparative study of sulindac (Clinoril) and ibuprofen (Brufen) in osteoarthrosis. Br J Clin Pract. 1978 Mar;32(3):77–80. PMID: 352382. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 352382]

Bradley JD, Brandt KD, Katz BP, et al. Treatment of knee osteoarthritis: relationship of clinical features of joint inflammation to the response to a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug or pure analgesic. J Rheumatol. 1992 Dec;19(12):1950–4. PMID: 1294745. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 1294745]

Bradley LA, Wohlreich MM, Wang F, et al. Pain response profile of patients with fibromyalgia treated with duloxetine. Clin J Pain. 2010 Jul-Aug;26(6):498–504. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181dee80e. PMID: 20551724. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 20551724] [CrossRef]

Bremova A, Pegrimova E, Rejholec V, et al. Double blind, multicenter study of diftalone and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1977;17:1–9. PMID: 897584. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 897584]

Bresalier RS, Sandler RS, Quan H, et al. Cardiovascular events associated with rofecoxib in a colorectal adenoma chemoprevention trial. N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 17;352(11):1092–102. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa050493. PMID: 15713943. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 15713943] [CrossRef]

Breuer B, Pappagallo M, Knotkova H, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period, crossover, pilot trial of lamotrigine in patients with central pain due to multiple sclerosis. Clin Ther. 2007 Sep;29(9):2022–30. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.09.023. PMID: 18035201. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 18035201] [CrossRef]

Briancon D, Peterschmitt J, Laviec G. Double-blind parallel-group evaluation of the safety and efficacy of etodolac capsules compared with piroxicam capsules in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Acta Therapeutica. 1991;17(1):35–47. Exclusion: 3

Brix Finnerup N, Hein Sindrup S, Staehelin Jensen T. Management of painful neuropathies. Handb Clin Neurol. 2013;115:279–90. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52902-2.00017-5. PMID: 23931787. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 23931787] [CrossRef]

Brixner DI. A decision analysis model in the evaluation of NSAIDs in a managed care setting: a case study. Med Interface. 1994 Nov;7(11):145–50. PMID: 10138701. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 10138701]

Brobyn RD. Nabumetone in the treatment of active adult rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med. 1987 Oct 30;83(4B):50–4. PMID: 3318429. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 3318429]

Bronfort G, Nilsson N, Haas M, et al. Non-invasive physical treatments for chronic/recurrent headache. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004(3):CD001878. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001878.pub2. PMID: 15266458. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 15266458] [CrossRef]

Brooke JW. Fenoprofen therapy in large-joint osteoarthritis: double-blind comparison with aspirin and longterm experience. J Rheumatol. 1976;2:71–5. PMID: 781234. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 781234]

Brooks PM, Dougan MA, Thomas D, et al. Naproxen and diflunisal in osteoarthrosis. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1982 May;21(2):95–7. PMID: 7043712. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 7043712]

Brown BL, Daenzer CL, Hearron MS, et al. Comparison of two dosing schedules of flurbiprofen for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Twice-daily versus four-times-a-day schedules. Am J Med. 1986 Mar 24;80(3A):19–22. PMID: 3515921. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3515921]

Buchmann E. Mefenamic acid compared with indomethacin and placebo in osteoarthritis. Ann Phys Med. 1966(Suppl):119–25. PMID: 4895004. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 4895004]

Buckland-Wright JC, MacFarlane DG, Lynch JA, et al. Quantitative microfocal radiography detects changes in OA knee joint space width in patients in placebo controlled trial of NSAID therapy. J Rheumatol. 1995 May;22(5):937–43. PMID: 8587086. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 8587086]

Bulut S, Berilgen MS, Baran A, et al. Venlafaxine versus amitriptyline in the prophylactic treatment of migraine: randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2004 Dec;107(1):44–8. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2004.03.004. PMID: 15567552. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 15567552] [CrossRef]

Burgos A, Busquier MP, Reino JG, et al. Double-blind, double-dummy comparative study of local action transcutaneous flurbiprofen (flurbiprofen LAT) versus piketoprofen cream in the treatment of extra-articular rheumatism. Clin Drug Investig. 2001 Feb;21(2):95–102. doi: 10.2165/00044011-200121020-00002. Exclusion: 3 [CrossRef]

Burry HC, Treadwell BL, Tweed JM. Piroxicam in the management of rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison with naproxen. N Z Med J. 1982 May 26;95(708):352–4. PMID: 7048162. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 7048162]

Burry HC, Witherington L. A comparison of sulindac with ibuprofen in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. N Z Med J. 1979 Apr 25;89(634):298–300. PMID: 377154. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 377154]

Bushmakin AG, Cappelleri JC, Zlateva G, et al. Applying area-under-the-curve analysis to enhance interpretation of response profiles: an application to sleep quality scores in patients with fibromyalgia. Qual Life Res. 2011 May;20(4):491–8. doi: 10.1007/s11136-010-9776-4. PMID: 20978856. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 20978856] [CrossRef]

Busson M. A long-term study of flurbiprofen in rheumatological disorders: II. Osteoarthrosis. J Int Med Res. 1986;14(1):7–12. PMID: 3514314. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 3514314]

Byon W, Ouellet D, Chew M, et al. Exposure-response analyses of the effects of pregabalin in patients with fibromyalgia using daily pain scores and patient global impression of change. J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Jul;50(7):803–15. doi: 10.1177/0091270009352187. PMID: 20357295. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 20357295] [CrossRef]

Cabrera J, Emir B, Dills D, et al. Characterizing and understanding body weight patterns in patients treated with pregabalin. Curr Med Res Opin. 2012 Jun;28(6):1027–37. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2012.684044. PMID: 22494020. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 22494020] [CrossRef]

Calandre EP, Rico-Villademoros F, Galan J, et al. Quetiapine extended-release (Seroquel-XR) versus amitriptyline monotherapy for treating patients with fibromyalgia: a 16-week, randomized, flexible-dose, open-label trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2014 Jun;231(12):2525–31. doi: 10.1007/s00213-013-3422-0. PMID: 24398824. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 24398824] [CrossRef]

Caldwell JR, Crain D, Hoffmeister RT, et al. Four-way, multicenter, crossover trial of ibuprofen, fenoprofen calcium, naproxen, and tolmetin sodium in osteoarthritis: comparative clinical profiles. South Med J. 1983 Jun;76(6):706–11. PMID: 6344227. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 6344227]

Caldwell JR, Germain BF, Lourie SH, et al. Ketoprofen versus indomethacin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a multicenter double blind comparative study. J Rheumatol. 1988 Oct;15(10):1476–9. PMID: 3060612. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3060612]

Caldwell JR, Roth SH. A double blind study comparing the efficacy and safety of enteric coated naproxen to naproxen in the management of NSAID intolerant patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Naproxen EC Study Group. J Rheumatol. 1994 Apr;21(4):689–95. PMID: 8035394. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 8035394]

Calin A, Bennett RM, Sukhupunyaraksa S, et al. Double-blind, multi-centre parallel trial of ketoprofen and ibuprofen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1977 Summer;4(2):153–7. PMID: 328880. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 328880]

Calin A, Britton M. Sulindac in ankylosing spondylitis. Double-blind evaluation of sulindac and indomethacin. JAMA. 1979 Oct 26;242(17):1885–6. PMID: 480622. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 480622]

Campbell FG, Graham JG, Zilkha KJ. Clinical trial of carbazepine (tegretol) in trigeminal neuralgia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1966 Jun;29(3):265–7. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.29.3.265. PMID: 5327969. Exclusion: 10 [PMC free article: PMC496031] [PubMed: 5327969] [CrossRef]

Cannon CP, Chen C, Curtis SP, et al. A comparison of cardiovascular biomarkers in patients treated for three months with etoricoxib, celecoxib, ibuprofen, and placebo. Arch Drug Inf. 2008 Jul;1(1):4–13. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-5174.2007.00002.x. PMID: 20157362. Exclusion: 2 [PMC free article: PMC2817438] [PubMed: 20157362] [CrossRef]

Cannon CP, Curtis SP, Bolognese JA, et al. Clinical trial design and patient demographics of the Multinational Etoricoxib and Diclofenac Arthritis Long-term (MEDAL) study program: cardiovascular outcomes with etoricoxib versus diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Am Heart J. 2006 Aug;152(2):237–45. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.05.024. PMID: 16875903. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 16875903] [CrossRef]

Cappelleri JC, Bushmakin AG, McDermott AM, et al. Measurement properties of the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale in patients with fibromyalgia. Sleep Med. 2009 Aug;10(7):766–70. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2008.09.004. PMID: 19185539. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 19185539] [CrossRef]

Cappelleri JC, Bushmakin AG, Zlateva G, et al. Pain responder analysis: use of area under the curve to enhance interpretation of clinical trial results. Pain pract. 2009 Sep-Oct;9(5):348–53. doi: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2009.00293.x. PMID: 19549060. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 19549060] [CrossRef]

Car A, Jajic I, Krampac I, et al. A double-blind multicentre comparison of diclofenac sodium and naproxen in osteoarthrosis of the hip. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1978(22):63–8. PMID: 356248. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 356248]

Cardenas DD, Warms CA, Turner JA, et al. Efficacy of amitriptyline for relief of pain in spinal cord injury: results of a randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2002 Apr;96(3):365–73. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959%2801%2900483-3. PMID: 11973011. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 11973011] [CrossRef]

Cardoe N. A double-blind crossover study to compare the efficacy of three dosage levels of flurbiprofen in the treatment of rheumatoid disease and osteoarthrosis. Curr Med Res Opin. 1977;5(1):99–105. doi: 10.1185/03007997709108985. PMID: 71975. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 71975] [CrossRef]

Cardoe N, Fowler PD. Diclofenac sodium (Voltarol): a double-blind comparative study with ibuprofen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1979;Suppl 2:89–99. PMID: 394282. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 394282]

Carette S, McCain GA, Bell DA, et al. Evaluation of amitriptyline in primary fibrositis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum. 1986 May;29(5):655–9. doi: 10.1002/art.1780290510. PMID: 3521612. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 3521612] [CrossRef]

Carette S, Oakson G, Guimont C, et al. Sleep electroencephalography and the clinical response to amitriptyline in patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 1995 Sep;38(9):1211–7. doi: 10.1002/art.1780380906. PMID: 7575714. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 7575714] [CrossRef]

Carlsson KC, Hoem NO, Moberg ER, et al. Analgesic effect of dextromethorphan in neuropathic pain. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2004 Mar;48(3):328–36. doi: 10.1111/j.0001-5172.2004.0325.x. PMID: 14982566. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 14982566] [CrossRef]

Carroll GJ, Bell MC, Laing BA, et al. Reduction of the concentration and total amount of keratan sulphate in synovial fluid from patients with osteoarthritis during treatment with piroxicam. Ann Rheum Dis. 1992 Jul;51(7):850–4. doi: 10.1136/ard.51.7.850. PMID: 1632658. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC1004767] [PubMed: 1632658] [CrossRef]

Caruso I, Pietrogrande V. Italian double-blind multicenter study comparing S-adenosylmethionine, naproxen, and placebo in the treatment of degenerative joint disease. Am J Med. 1987 Nov 20;83(5A):66–71. PMID: 3318442. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 3318442]

Castles JJ, Moore TL, Vaughan JH, et al. Multicenter comparison of naproxen and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Intern Med. 1978 Mar;138(3):362–6. PMID: 343743. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 343743]

Cates MJ, Beverly A. High dose aspirin versus ibuprofen for pain relief in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72:(Suppl 3):A895–6. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2677. Exclusion: 8 [CrossRef]

Cazzola M, Montrone F, Azzolini V, et al. Analgesic activity of nabumetone versus naproxen in acute exacerbation of osteoarthritis. A short term study. Drugs. 1990;40: Suppl 5:78–9. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199000405-00020. PMID: 2081501. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 2081501] [CrossRef]

Cevoli S, Giannini G, Favoni V, et al. Treatment of withdrawal headache in patients with medication overuse headache: a pilot study. J Headache Pain. 2017 Dec;18(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s10194-017-0763-9. PMID: 28500492. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC5429287] [PubMed: 28500492] [CrossRef]

Chahade WH, Marques GC. Tenoxicam or diclofenac in the treatment of gonarthrosis. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1987;9(2):77–80. PMID: 3329113. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3329113]

Chalmers IM, Cathcart BJ, Kumar EB, et al. Clinico-pharmacological studies and clinical evaluation of flurbiprofen. A new non-steroidal antirheumatic agent. Ann Rheum Dis. 1972 Jul;31(4):319–24. doi: 10.1136/ard.31.4.319. PMID: 4558227. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC1005934] [PubMed: 4558227] [CrossRef]

Champion P. Re: Beaulieu AD, Peloso PM, Haraoui B, et al. Once-daily, controlled-release tramadol and sustained-release diclofenac relieve chronic pain to to osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Pain Res Manage 2008; 13:103–10, and Thorne C, Beaulieu AD, Callaghan DJ, et al. A randomized, double-blind, crossover comparison of the efficacy and safety of oral controlled-release tramadol and placebo in patients with painful osteoarthritis. Pain Res Manage 2008; 13:93–102. Pain Res Manag. 2008 Jul-Aug;13(4):342. PMID: 18816899. Exclusion: 5 [PMC free article: PMC2671321] [PubMed: 18816899]

Chan F, Hung, LC, Suen, BY, et al. Celecoxib versus diclofenac and omeprazole in reducing the risk of recurrent ulcer bleeding in patients with arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2002 Dec 26;347(26):2104–10. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa021907. PMID: 12501222. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 12501222] [CrossRef]

Chan F, Lanas A, Scheiman J, et al. Celecoxib versus omeprazole and diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (CONDOR): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2010 Jul 17;376(9736):173–9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60673-3. PMID: 20638563. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 20638563] [CrossRef]

Chan F, Sung J, Ching J, et al. Randomized trial of low dose misoprostol and naproxen vs nambumetone to prevent recurrent upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in users on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Jan;15(1):19–24. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00890.x. PMID: 11136274. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 11136274] [CrossRef]

Chan FK, Wong VW, Suen BY, et al. Combination of a cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor and a proton-pump inhibitor for prevention of recurrent ulcer bleeding in patients at very high risk: a double-blind, randomised trial. Lancet. 2007 May 12;369(9573):1621–6. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60749-1. PMID: 17499604. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 17499604] [CrossRef]

Chan FKL, Lanas A, Scheiman J, et al. Erratum: celecoxib versusomeprazole and diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (CONDOR): a randomised trial (The Lancet (2010) 376 (173-179)). Lancet. 2011;378(9787):228. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 20638563]

Chandra K, Shafiq N, Pandhi P, et al. Gabapentin versus nortriptyline in post-herpetic neuralgia patients: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial-the GONIP Trial. Intl J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Aug;44(8):358–63. PMID: 16961166. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 16961166]

Chandrasekaran A, Sambandam P, Lal H, et al. Double blind, placebo controlled trial on the cytoprotective effect of misoprostol in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritits and seronegative sp ondarthropathy on NSAIDs. J Assoc Physicians India. 1991 Dec;39(12):919–21. PMID: 1816217. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 1816217]

Chang DM, Young TH, Hsu CT, et al. Endoscopic comparison of the gastroduodenal safety and the effects on arachidonic acid products between meloxicam and piroxicam in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2001;20(2):104–13. PMID: 11346221. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 11346221]

Chodock AL. Crossover comparison of benoxaprofen and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1982;5(2):246–57. PMID: 7044800. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7044800]

Chou R, Chan BK. Gabapentin versus tricyclics for neuropathic pain: Authors’ reply. J Gen Intern Med. 2009 Jun;24(6):782. doi: 10.1007/s11606-009-0959-z. Exclusion: 5 [PMC free article: PMC2686764] [PubMed: 19350332] [CrossRef]

Chou R, Deyo R, Friedly J, et al. Systemic pharmacologic therapies for low back pain: a systematic review for an American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Apr 4;166(7):480–92. doi: 10.7326/M16-2458. PMID: 28192790. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 28192790] [CrossRef]

Chwieduk CM, McCormack PL. Milnacipran: in fibromyalgia. Drugs. 2010;70(1):99–108. doi: 10.2165/11202810-000000000-00000. PMID: 20030428. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 20030428] [CrossRef]

Ciccolunghi SN, Chaudri HA, Schubiger BI. The value and results of long-term studies with diclofenac sodium (Voltarol). Rheumatol Rehabil. 1979;Suppl 2:100–15. PMID: 394274. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 394274]

Ciccolunghi SN, Chaudri HA, Schubiger BI. How long should long be? Long-term trials in rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 1979 Apr;38(2):155–60. doi: 10.1136/ard.38.2.155. PMID: 375851. Exclusion: 5 [PMC free article: PMC1000342] [PubMed: 375851] [CrossRef]

Clair A, Emir B. The safety and efficacy of pregabalin for treating subjects with fibromyalgia and moderate or severe baseline widespread pain. Curr Med Res Opin. 2016;32(3):601–9. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2015.1134463. PMID: 26694975. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 26694975] [CrossRef]

Clarke AK. A Double-blind comparison of naproxen against indometacin in osteoarthrosis. Arzneimittelforschung. 1975 Feb;25(2A):302–4. PMID: 1096901. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 1096901]

Clarke AK, Macleod M, Steinberg VL, et al. A double-blind, cross-over study of naproxen sodium and soluble aspirin in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Clin Pract. 1981 Apr;35(4):143–6. PMID: 7028063. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7028063]

Clauw DJ, Mease P, Palmer RH, et al. Milnacipran for the treatment of fibromyalgia in adults: a 15-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose clinical trial.[Erratum appears in Clin Ther. 2009 Feb;31(2):446], [Erratum appears in Clin Ther. 2009 Jul;31(7):1617]. Clin Ther. 2008 Nov;30(11):1988–2004. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.11.009. PMID: 19108787. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 19108787] [CrossRef]

Clauw DJ, Mease PJ, Palmer RH, et al. Continuing efficacy of milnacipran following long-term treatment in fibromyalgia: a randomized trial. Arthritis Res Ther. 2013 Aug 16;15(4):R88. doi: 10.1186/ar4268. PMID: 23953493. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC3978750] [PubMed: 23953493] [CrossRef]

Cochrane GM. A double-blind comparison of naproxen with indomethacin in osteoarthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 1973(Suppl 2):89–93. PMID: 4590058. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 4590058]

Cohen de Lara A, Gompel H. Two comparative studies of Dosmalfate vs Misoprostol in the prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers in rheumatic patients. Drugs of Today. 2000(36). Exclusion: 3

Colebatch AN, Marks JL, Edwards CJ. Safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including aspirin and paracetamol (acetaminophen) in people receiving methotrexate for inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, other spondyloarthritis). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Nov 9(11):CD008872. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008872.pub2. PMID: 22071858. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 22071858] [CrossRef]

Cook ME, Wallin JD, Thakur VD, et al. Comparative effects of nabumetone, sulindac, and ibuprofen on renal function. J Rheumatol. 1997 Jun;24(6):1137–44. PMID: 9195523. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 9195523]

Cooper TE, Derry S, Wiffen PJ, et al. Gabapentin for fibromyalgia pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jan 3;1:CD012188. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012188.pub2. PMID: 28045473. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC6465053] [PubMed: 28045473] [CrossRef]

Cordrey LJ. Tolmetin sodium, a new anti-arthritis drug: double-blind and long-term studies. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1976 Oct;24(10):440–6. PMID: 61224. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 61224]

Couch JR, Hassanein RS. Migraine and depression: effect of amitriptyline prophylaxis. Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1976;101:234–7. PMID: 800690. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 800690]

Crofford LJ, Mease PJ, Simpson SL, et al. Fibromyalgia relapse evaluation and efficacy for durability of meaningful relief (FREEDOM): a 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with pregabalin. Pain. 2008 Jun;136(3):419–31. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.02.027. PMID: 18400400. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 18400400] [CrossRef]

Crofford LJ, Rowbotham MC, Mease PJ, et al. Pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Apr;52(4):1264–73. doi: 10.1002/art.20983. PMID: 15818684. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 15818684] [CrossRef]

Crook PR, Fowler PD, Hothersall TE, et al. A study of the efficacy and tolerability of diclofenac and ibuprofen in osteoarthritis of the hip. Br J Clin Pract. 1981 Sep;35(9):309–12. PMID: 7034760. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 7034760]

Cross PL, Ashby D, Harding G, et al. TOIB Study. Are topical or oral ibuprofen equally effective for the treatment of chronic knee pain presenting in primary care: a randomised controlled trial with patient preference study. ISRCTN79353052. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2005 Nov 7;6:55. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-6-55. PMID: 16274477. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC1314890] [PubMed: 16274477] [CrossRef]

Currie WJ, Vandenburg MJ, Janke PG, et al. Symptomatic osteoarthritis in the elderly: multicentre comparative study of sulindac and ibuprofen. Br J Clin Pract. 1984 May;38(5):176–81. PMID: 6733011. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 6733011]

Curtis SP, Bockow B, Fisher C, et al. Etoricoxib in the treatment of osteoarthritis over 52-weeks: a double-blind, active-comparator controlled trial [NCT00242489]. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2005 Dec 1;6:58. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-6-58. PMID: 16321158. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC1327669] [PubMed: 16321158] [CrossRef]

Dalal KL, Felix ER, Cardenas DD. Pregabalin for the management of neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury. Pain manag. 2013 Sep;3(5):359–67. doi: 10.2217/pmt.13.35. PMID: 24654869. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 24654869] [CrossRef]

Das KV, Sundaram P. Comparative study of the clinical effects of ibuprofen and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis. J Indian Med Assoc. 1973 Aug 16;61(4):170–3. PMID: 4590356. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 4590356]

Datto C, Hellmund R, Siddiqui MK. Efficacy and tolerability of naproxen/esomeprazole magnesium tablets compared with non-specific NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors: a systematic review and network analyses. Open access rheumatol. 2013 Feb 26;5:1–19. doi: 10.2147/OARRR.S41420. PMID: 27790020. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC5074787] [PubMed: 27790020] [CrossRef]

Davies GM, Watson DJ, Bellamy N. Comparison of the responsiveness and relative effect size of the western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index and the short-form medical outcomes study survey in a randomized, clinical trial of osteoarthritis patients. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 1999 Jun;12(3):172–9. doi: 10.1002/1529-0131%28199906%2912:3%3C172::AID-ART4%3E3.0.CO;2-Y. PMID: 10513507. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 10513507] [CrossRef]

Day R, Morrison B, Luza A, et al. A randomized trial of the efficacy and tolerability of the COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib vs ibuprofen in patients with osteoarthritis. Rofecoxib/Ibuprofen Comparator Study Group. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Jun 26;160(12):1781–7. PMID: 10871971. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 10871971]

De Almeida Coimbra F, De Araujo Filho NC. A double-blind study comparing the associations chlormezanone-acetaminophen and thiocolchicoside-glafenin in patients with low back pain. Folha Medica. 1980;81(1):113–6. Exclusion: 3

de Andrade DC, Jacobsen Teixeira M, Galhardoni R, et al. Pregabalin for the prevention of oxaliplatin-induced painful neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind trial. Oncologist. 2017 Oct;22(10):1154–e105. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0235. PMID: 28652279. Exclusion: 4 [PMC free article: PMC5634769] [PubMed: 28652279] [CrossRef]

De Bock GH, Hermans J, Mulder JD. Randomized double-blind study of nabumetone and piroxicam in the treatment of osteoarthritis in Dutch general practice: efficacy and tolerability. Pharm World Sci. 1993 Jun 18;15(3):132–8. PMID: 8348110. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 8348110]

de Bock GH, Hermans J, van Marwijk HW, et al. Health-related quality of life assessments in osteoarthritis during NSAID treatment. Pharm World Sci. 1996 Aug;18(4):130–6. PMID: 8873228. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 8873228]

De Bono GG, Pearlgood M. General practice trials: a reappraisal in the light of the findings of a general practice study of oruvail. Br J Clin Pract. 1986 Oct;40(10):421–8. PMID: 3307857. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3307857]

de Heer EW, Dekker J, Beekman ATF, et al. Comparative effect of collaborative care, pain medication, and duloxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder and comorbid (sub)chronic pain: results of an exploratory randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial (CC: PAINDIP). Front Psychiatry. 2018 Apr 5;9:118. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00118. PMID: 29674981. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC5895661] [PubMed: 29674981] [CrossRef]

De Jaeger M, Goudman L, Van Schuerbeek P, et al. Cerebral biochemical effect of pregabalin in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Ther. 2018 Aug;9(4):1591–604. doi: 10.1007/s13300-018-0460-y. PMID: 29951977. Exclusion: 2 [PMC free article: PMC6064591] [PubMed: 29951977] [CrossRef]

de Melo Gomes JA. The safety of Arthrotec in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis: an assessment of the upper gastrointestinal tract by endoscopy. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1992;96:23–31. PMID: 1439621. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 1439621]

Deal CL, Moskowitz RW. Efficacy of diflunisal versus naproxen in osteoarthritis of the knee: an open study. Clin Ther. 1986;9(Suppl C):1–14. PMID: 3548982. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 3548982]

DeHaan MN, Guzman J, Bayley MT, et al. Knee osteoarthritis clinical practice guidelines - how are we doing? J Rheumatol. 2007 Oct;34(10):2099–105. PMID: 17722223. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 17722223]

Delmas P, Lambert R, Capron MH. Misoprostol for preventing gastric erosions induced by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in patients with rheumatic diseases. Rev Rhum Engl Ed. 1994;61(2):115–20. Exclusion: 3

Demant DT, Lund K, Vollert J, et al. The effect of oxcarbazepine in peripheral neuropathic pain depends on pain phenotype: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phenotype-stratified study. Pain. 2014 Nov;155(11):2263–73. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.08.014. PMID: 25139589. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 25139589] [CrossRef]

Dentali F, Douketis JD, Woods K, et al. Does celecoxib potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin? A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Ann Pharmacother. 2006 Jul-Aug;40(7-8):1241–7. doi: 10.1345/aph.1G733. PMID: 16804099. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 16804099] [CrossRef]

Dequeker J, Hawkey C, Kahan A, et al. Improvement in gastrointestinal tolerability of the selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, meloxicam, compared with piroxicam: results of the Safety and Efficacy Large-scale Evaluation of COX-inhibiting Therapies (SELECT) trial in osteoarthritis. Br J Rheumatol. 1998 Sep;37(9):946–51. PMID: 9783758. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 9783758]

Derry S, Wiffen PJ, Hauser W, et al. Oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for fibromyalgia in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Mar 27;3:CD012332. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012332.pub2. PMID: 28349517. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC6464559] [PubMed: 28349517] [CrossRef]

Derry S, Wiffen PJ, Kalso EA, et al. Topical analgesics for acute and chronic pain in adults - an overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 May 12;5:CD008609. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008609.pub2. PMID: 28497473. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC6481750] [PubMed: 28497473] [CrossRef]

Desai MM, Shetty RN. Double-blind crossover comparison of naproxen and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis. J Assoc Physicians India. 1977 Oct;25(10):703–7. PMID: 353025. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 353025]

Detrembleur C, De Nayer J, van den Hecke A. Celecoxib improves the efficiency of the locomotor mechanism in patients with knee osteoarthritis. A randomised, placebo, double-blind and cross-over trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2005 Mar;13(3):206–10. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2004.11.002. PMID: 15727886. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 15727886] [CrossRef]

Dexter SL, Graham AN, Johnston ES, et al. Double-blind controlled study of paramax in the acute treatment of common and classical migraine. Br J Clin Pract. 1985 Oct;39(10):388–92. PMID: 3907680. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3907680]

Di Trapani G, Mei D, Marra C, et al. Gabapentin in the prophylaxis of migraine: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. Clin Ter. 2000 May-Jun;151(3):145–8. PMID: 10958046. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 10958046]

Diamond S. Ibuprofen versus aspirin and placebo in the treatment of muscle contraction headache. Headache. 1983 Sep;23(5):206–10. PMID: 6355010. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 6355010]

Diamond S. Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant in the treatment of headache. Headache Quarterly. 1999;10(2):119–25. Exclusion: 6

Diamond S, Baltes BJ. Chronic tension headache-treated with amitriptyline-a double-blind study. Headache. 1971 Oct;11(3):110–6. PMID: 4940167. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 4940167]

Diamond S, Solomon GD, Freitag FG, et al. Fenoprofen in the prophylaxis of migraine: a double-blind, placebo controlled study. Headache. 1987 May;27(5):246–9. PMID: 3298164. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 3298164]

Dick WC, Franchimont P, Veys E. Double-blind comparison of etodolac and piroxicam in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Ther. 1993 Jan-Feb;15(1):148–59. PMID: 8458044. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 8458044]

Dick-Smith JB. Ibuprofen, aspirin and placebo in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-a double-blind clinical trial. Med J Aust. 1969 Oct 25;2(17):853–9. PMID: 4900939. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 4900939]

Dickson D. A double-blind evaluation of topical piroxicam gel with oral ibuprofen in osteoarthritis of the knee. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1991;49:199–207. Exclusion: 3

Diener HC, Davidai G. Dipyridamole and headache. Future Neurol. 2007;2(3):279–83. doi: 10.2217/14796708.2.3.279. Exclusion: 3 [CrossRef]

Diener HC, Pfaffenrath V, Pageler L, et al. The fixed combination of acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol and caffeine is more effective than single substances and dual combination for the treatment of headache: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, single-dose, placebo-controlled parallel group study. Cephalalgia. 2005 Oct;25(10):776–87. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.00948.x. PMID: 16162254. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 16162254] [CrossRef]

Dieppe P, Cushnaghan J, Jasani MK, et al. A two-year, placebo-controlled trial of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy in osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Br J Rheumatol. 1993 Jul;32(7):595–600. PMID: 8339132. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 8339132]

Digby JW, Wehner S. A double-blind crossover comparison of Orudis (ketoprofen) and indomethacin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Int Med Res. 1976;4(6):427–31. doi: 10.1177/030006057600400608. PMID: 800382. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 800382] [CrossRef]

Dimova V, Oertel BG, Kabakci G, et al. A more pessimistic life orientation is associated with experimental inducibility of a neuropathy-like pain pattern in healthy individuals. J Pain. 2015 Aug;16(8):791–800. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.05.004. PMID: 26056011. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 26056011] [CrossRef]

Doherty M, Hawkey C, Goulder M, et al. A randomised controlled trial of ibuprofen, paracetamol or a combination tablet of ibuprofen/paracetamol in community-derived people with knee pain. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Sep;70(9):1534–41. doi: 10.1136/ard.2011.154047. PMID: 21804100. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 21804100] [CrossRef]

Domingues RB, Silva AL, Domingues SA, et al. A double-blind randomized controlled trial of low doses of propranolol, nortriptyline, and the combination of propranolol and nortriptyline for the preventive treatment of migraine. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2009 Dec;67(4):973–7. PMID: 20069203. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 20069203]

Donnelly P, Lloyd K, Campbell H. Indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis: an evaluation of its anti-inflammatory and side effects. Br Med J. 1967 Jan 14;1(5532):69–75. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5532.69. PMID: 5333306. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC1840398] [PubMed: 5333306] [CrossRef]

Dosenovic S, Jelicic Kadic A, Miljanovic M, et al. Interventions for neuropathic pain: an overview of systematic reviews. Anesth Analg. 2017 Aug;125(2):643–52. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001998. PMID: 28731977. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 28731977] [CrossRef]

Dotti F, Ongari R, Carazzi R, et al. Clinical study of a new anti-inflammatory drug: 4-prenyl-1,2-diphenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione (DA 2370). Arzneimittelforschung. 1972 Jan;22(1):Suppl 1a:265–8. PMID: 4553235. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 4553235]

Dougados M, Behier JM, Jolchine I, et al. Efficacy of celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase 2-specific inhibitor, in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: a six-week controlled study with comparison against placebo and against a conventional nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug. Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Jan;44(1):180–5. doi: 10.1002/1529-0131(200101)44:1<180::AID-ANR24>3.0.CO;2-K. PMID: 11212158. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 11212158] [CrossRef]

Dreiser RL. A comparison of the efficacy of etodolac SR (Lodine SR) and etodolac (Lodine) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. Rheumatol Int. 1993;13:(2 Suppl):S13–8. PMID: 8210919. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 8210919]

Dreiser RL, Dropsy R. A double-blind, multicentric study of etodolac 300 mg twice daily verus 200 mg three times daily in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Today’s therapeutic trends. 1992;10(2):87–100. Exclusion: 3

Dreiser RL, Tisne-Camus M. DHEP plasters as a topical treatment of knee osteoarthritis-a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1993;19(3):117–23. PMID: 8112200. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 8112200]

Duff IF, Neukom JE, Himes JE. Fenoprofen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving maintenance gold therapy. J Rheumatol. 1976;2:32–7. PMID: 781228. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 781228]

Dunky A, Mattern H. European double-blind multicenter study comparing meclofenamate sodium and indomethacin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arzneimittelforschung. 1983;33(4A):636–40. PMID: 6349647. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 6349647]

Dworkin RH, Corbin AE, Young JP, Jr., et al. Pregabalin for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology. 2003 Apr 22;60(8):1274–83. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000055433.55136.55. PMID: 12707429. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 12707429] [CrossRef]

Dy SM, Bennett WL, Sharma R, et al. Preventing Complications and Treating Symptoms of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 187. (Prepared by the Johns Hopkins University Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. 290-2015-00006-I.) AHRQ Publication No. 17-EHC005-EF. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research Quality; March 2017. doi: 10.23970/AHRQEPCCER187. PMID: 28749633. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 28749633] [CrossRef]

Ehmann L, Tyberghein JM. Diclofenac suppositories in osteoarthrosis. A double-blind comparison with indomethacin. Practitioner. 1981 May;225(1355):757–8. PMID: 7027231. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7027231]

Ehrich E, Davies GM, Watson DJ, et al. Minimal perceptible clinical improvement with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index questionnaire and global assessments in patients with osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 2000 Nov;27(11):2635–41. PMID: 11093446. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 11093446]

Ehsanullah R, Page MC, Tildesley G, et al. Prevention of gastroduodenal damage induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: controlled trial of ranitidine. BMJ. 1988 Oct 22;297(6655):1017–21. doi: 10.1136/bmj.297.6655.1017. PMID: 3142593. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC1834765] [PubMed: 3142593] [CrossRef]

Eisenberg E, Lurie Y, Braker C, et al. Lamotrigine reduces painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized, controlled study. Neurology. 2001 Aug 14;57(3):505–9. doi: 10.1212/wnl.57.3.505. PMID: 11502921. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 11502921] [CrossRef]

Ekman EF, Gimbel JS, Bello AE, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravenous tanezumab for the symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis: 2 randomized controlled trials versus naproxen. J Rheumatol. 2014 Nov;41(11):2249–59. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.131294. PMID: 25274899. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 25274899] [CrossRef]

Elliott S, Yeomans ND, Buchanan RRC, et al. Efficacy of 12 months’ misoprostol as prophylaxis against NSAID- induced gastric ulcers. Scand J Rheumatol. 1994;23(4):171–6. PMID: 8091141. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 8091141]

Engel ER, Kudrow D, Rapoport AM. A prospective, open-label study of milnacipran in the prevention of headache in patients with episodic or chronic migraine. Neurol Sci. 2014 Mar;35(3):429–35. doi: 10.1007/s10072-013-1536-0. PMID: 24030685. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 24030685] [CrossRef]

Enggaard TP, Klitgaard NA, Gram LF, et al. Specific effect of venlafaxine on single and repetitive experimental painful stimuli in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Apr;69(4):245–51. doi: 10.1067/mcp.2001.114873. PMID: 11309553. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 11309553] [CrossRef]

Enke O, New HA, New CH, et al. Anticonvulsants in the treatment of low back pain and lumbar radicular pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2018 Jul 3;190(26):E786–E93. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.171333. PMID: 29970367. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC6028270] [PubMed: 29970367] [CrossRef]

Enomoto H, Fujikoshi S, Funai J, et al. Assessment of direct analgesic effect of duloxetine for chronic low back pain: Post hoc path analysis of double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. J Pain Res. 2017 Jun 1;10:1357–68. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S133396. PMID: 28615967. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC5460622] [PubMed: 28615967] [CrossRef]

Enthoven WT, Roelofs PD, Deyo RA, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for chronic low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Feb 10;2:CD012087. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012087. PMID: 26863524. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC7104791] [PubMed: 26863524] [CrossRef]

Esdaile J, Rothwell R, MacLaughlin K, et al. Double-blind comparison of tolmetin sodium and indomethacin in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 1982 Jan-Feb;9(1):69–74. PMID: 7045363. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 7045363]

Essex MN, Behar R, O’Connell MA, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of celecoxib and naproxen versus placebo in Hispanic patients with knee osteoarthritis. Int J Gen Med. 2014 May 16;7:227–35. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S61297. PMID: 24876792. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC4037303] [PubMed: 24876792] [CrossRef]

Essex MN, Brown PB, Sands GH. The efficacy of continuous versus intermittent celecoxib treatment in osteoarthritis patients aged <60 and >60 years. Int J Clin Rheumtol. 2014 Feb;9(1):13–20. doi: 10.2217/ijr.13.71. Exclusion: 6 [CrossRef]

Famaey JP, Colinet E. A double-blind trial of ketoprofen in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1976;1976(0):129–32. PMID: 790549. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 790549]

Farkouh ME, Greenberg JD, Jeger RV, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes in high risk patients with osteoarthritis treated with ibuprofen, naproxen or lumiracoxib. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007 Jun;66(6):764–70. doi: 10.1136/ard.2006.066001. PMID: 17412741. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC1954641] [PubMed: 17412741] [CrossRef]

Fayed N, Olivan-Blazquez B, Herrera-Mercadal P, et al. Changes in metabolites after treatment with memantine in fibromyalgia. A double-blind randomized controlled trial with magnetic resonance spectroscopy with a 6-month follow-up. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2014 Nov;20(11):999–1007. doi: 10.1111/cns.12314. PMID: 25230216. Exclusion: 2 [PMC free article: PMC6493189] [PubMed: 25230216] [CrossRef]

Fenton SF, Ryan JP, Bensen WG. A double-blind, crossover, multicenter study of piroxicam and naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1988;44(6):1058–70. Exclusion: 9

Fidahic M, Jelicic Kadic A, Radic M, et al. Celecoxib for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jun 9;6:CD012095. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012095.pub2. PMID: 28597983. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC6481589] [PubMed: 28597983] [CrossRef]

Fine PG. The role of rofecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2-specific inhibitor, for the treatment of non-cancer pain: a review. J Pain. 2002 Aug;3(4):272–83. doi: 10.1054/jpai.2002.125957. PMID: 14622751. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 14622751] [CrossRef]

Finnerup NB, Grydehoj J, Bing J, et al. Levetiracetam in spinal cord injury pain: a randomized controlled trial. Spinal Cord. 2009 Dec;47(12):861–7. doi: 10.1038/sc.2009.55. PMID: 19506571. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 19506571] [CrossRef]

Finnerup NB, Sindrup SH, Bach FW, et al. Lamotrigine in spinal cord injury pain: a randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2002 Apr;96(3):375–83. PMID: 11973012. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 11973012]

Finstad R. A double-blind, crossover, multicentre study of piroxicam and indomethacin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Clin Pract. 1981 Jan;35(1):35–9. PMID: 7020731. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 7020731]

Fishbain DA, Hall J, Meyers AL, et al. Does pain mediate the pain interference with sleep problem in chronic pain? Findings from studies for management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain with duloxetine. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2008 Dec;36(6):639–47. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.12.012. PMID: 18504092. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 18504092] [CrossRef]

Fishbain DA, Hall JA, Risser RC, et al. Does pain cause the perception of fatigue in patients with chronic pain? Findings from studies for management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain with duloxetine. Pain pract. 2009 Sep-Oct;9(5):354–62. doi: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2009.00294.x. PMID: 19500272. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 19500272] [CrossRef]

Fiszman P, Perpetuo JB, Sidi A. Long-term study with tenoxicam in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1987;9(2):86–90. PMID: 3329115. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3329115]

Flavell Matts S, Hazleman B, Houben H, et al. Controlled study of once-daily, sustained-release ibuprofen in osteoarthritis. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1993 Apr;53(4):394–400. doi: 10.1016/S0011-393X%2805%2980199-7. Exclusion: 9 [CrossRef]

Fogelholm R, Murros K. Tizanidine in chronic tension-type headache: a placebo controlled double-blind cross-over study. Headache. 1992 Nov;32(10):509–13. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.1992.hed3210509.x. PMID: 1468911. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 1468911] [CrossRef]

Fostiropoulos G, Croydon EA. A comparative study of the effectiveness and safety of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, nabumetone and naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis. J Int Med Res. 1982;10(4):204–8. doi: 10.1177/030006058201000402. PMID: 6749576. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 6749576] [CrossRef]

Franchi R, Viara M, Liverta C, et al. Ketoprofen and indomethacin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind cross-over trial. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1975 Apr 4;8(3-4):205–8. PMID: 786679. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 786679]

Frank RG, Kashani JH, Parker JC, et al. Antidepressant analgesia in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1988 Nov;15(11):1632–8. PMID: 3236298. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3236298]

Franssen MJ, Gribnau FW, van de Putte LB. A comparison of diflunisal and phenylbutazone in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Rheumatol. 1986 Jun;5(2):210–20. PMID: 3524970. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3524970]

Freitas GG. A double-blind comparison of etodolac and piroxicam in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Curr Med Res Opin. 1990;12(4):255–62. doi: 10.1185/03007999009111655. PMID: 2150187. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 2150187] [CrossRef]

Furst D, Blocka K, Cassell S, et al. A controlled study of concurrent therapy with a nonacetylated salicylate and naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1987 Feb;30(2):146–54. PMID: 3548732. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3548732]

Furst DE. Meloxicam: selective COX-2 inhibition in clinical practice. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1997 Jun;26(6 Suppl 1):21–7. PMID: 9219316. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 9219316]

Fusco BM, Marabini S, Maggi CA, et al. Preventative effect of repeated nasal applications of capsaicin in cluster headache. Pain. 1994 Dec;59(3):321–5. PMID: 7708405. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7708405]

Gahimer J, Wernicke J, Yalcin I, et al. A retrospective pooled analysis of duloxetine safety in 23,983 subjects. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007 Jan;23(1):175–84. doi: 10.1185/030079906X162719. PMID: 17257478. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 17257478] [CrossRef]

Galeazzi M, Marcolongo R. A placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and tolerability of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, DHEP plaster, in inflammatory peri- and extra-articular rheumatological diseases. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1993;19(3):107–15. PMID: 8112199. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 8112199]

Galer BS, Jensen MP, Ma T, et al. The lidocaine patch 5% effectively treats all neuropathic pain qualities: results of a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, 3-week efficacy study with use of the neuropathic pain scale. Clin J Pain. 2002 Sep-Oct;18(5):297–301. PMID: 12218500. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 12218500]

Garcia J, Simon MA, Duran M, et al. Differential efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral intervention versus pharmacological treatment in the management of fibromyalgic syndrome. Psychol Health Med. 2006 Nov;11(4):498–506. doi: 10.1080/13548500600745286. PMID: 17129925. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 17129925] [CrossRef]

Garcia-Borreguero D, Larrosa O, Williams AM, et al. Treatment of restless legs syndrome with pregabalin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Neurology. 2010 Jun 8;74(23):1897–904. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e1ce73. PMID: 20427750. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 20427750] [CrossRef]

Gawel MJ, Szalai JF, Stiglick A, et al. Evaluation of analgesic agents in recurring headache compared with other clinical pain models. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1990 Apr;47(4):504–8. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1990.64. PMID: 2328558. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 2328558] [CrossRef]

Geba GP, Weaver AL, Polis AB, et al. Efficacy of rofecoxib, celecoxib, and acetaminophen in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2002 Jan 2;287(1):64–71. PMID: 11754710. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 11754710]

Geis GS. Overall safety of Arthrotec. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1992;96:33–6. PMID: 1439622. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 1439622]

Geis GS. Efficacy and upper GI safety of diclofenac/misoprostol, piroxicam and naproxen in patients with osteoarthritis. Drugs. 1993;45:(Suppl 1):15; discussion -6. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199300451-00005. PMID: 7685683. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 7685683] [CrossRef]

Geisser ME, Clauw DJ, Strand V, et al. Contributions of change in clinical status parameters to Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scores among persons with fibromyalgia treated with milnacipran. Pain. 2010 May;149(2):373–8. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.02.043. PMID: 20332060. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 20332060] [CrossRef]

Geisser ME, Palmer RH, Gendreau RM, et al. A pooled analysis of two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of milnacipran monotherapy in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Pain pract. 2011 Mar-Apr;11(2):120–31. doi: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2010.00403.x. PMID: 20642487. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 20642487] [CrossRef]

Gennery BA, Koch IM, Woodcock KR. Multicentre osteoarthritis trial. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1982;5(2):270–6. PMID: 7044802. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 7044802]

Gentiletti AA. Tenoxicam, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in the prolonged treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1987;9(2):91–4. PMID: 3329116. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 3329116]

Gerecz-Simon E, Soper WY, Kean WF, et al. A controlled comparison of piroxicam and diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 1990 Jun;9(2):229–34. PMID: 2202544. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 2202544]

Gerson GR, Jones RB, Luscombe DK. Studies on the concomitant use of carbamazepine and clomipramine for the relief of post-herpetic neuralgia. Postgrad Med J. 1977;53:(Suppl 4):104–9. PMID: 304576. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 304576]

Gewandter JS, Frazer ME, Cai X, et al. Extended-release gabapentin for failed back surgery syndrome: results from a randomized double-blind cross-over study. Pain. 2019 May;160(5):1029–36. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001478. PMID: 30624344. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 30624344] [CrossRef]

Ghosh AK, Rastogi AK. A randomized comparison between sulindac and ibuprofen in osteoarthritis of the aged. Curr Med Res Opin. 1981;7(7):482–7. doi: 10.1185/03007998109114288. PMID: 7261665. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7261665] [CrossRef]

Ghosh AK, Rastogi AK. Symptomatic osteoarthritis in the elderly: a comparative study of sulindac and ibuprofen. Curr Med Res Opin. 1982;7:(Suppl 1):33–40. PMID: 7105794. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7105794]

Ghosh S, Paul S, Das N, et al. A study on the effects of diclofenac sodium and etoricoxib in the treatment of osteoarthritis. J Indian Med Assoc. 2007 May;105(5):260–2. PMID: 17915794. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 17915794]

Giacovazzo M. Clinical evaluation of a new NSAID applied topically (BPAA gel) vs. diclofenac emulgel in elderly osteoarthritic patients. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1992;18(5):201–3. PMID: 1490436. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 1490436]

Giannopoulos S, Kosmidou M, Sarmas I, et al. Patient compliance with SSRIs and gabapentin in painful diabetic neuropathy. Clin J Pain. 2007 Mar-Apr;23(3):267–9. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31802fc14a. PMID: 17314587. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 17314587] [CrossRef]

Gibofsky A, Williams GW, McKenna F, et al. Comparing the efficacy of cyclooxygenase 2-specific inhibitors in treating osteoarthritis: appropriate trial design considerations and results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Nov;48(11):3102–11. doi: 10.1002/art.11330. PMID: 14613272. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 14613272] [CrossRef]

Gibson T, Laurent R. Sulindac and indomethacin in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: a double-blind cross-over study. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1980 Aug;19(3):189–92. PMID: 7414189. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 7414189]

Gilron I, Bailey JM, Tu D, et al. Nortriptyline and gabapentin, alone and in combination for neuropathic pain: a double-blind, randomised controlled crossover trial. Lancet. 2009 Oct 10;374(9697):1252–61. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61081-3. PMID: 19796802. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 19796802] [CrossRef]

Gilron I, Bailey JM, Tu D, et al. Morphine, gabapentin, or their combination for neuropathic pain. N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 31;352(13):1324–34. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa042580. PMID: 15800228. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 15800228] [CrossRef]

Gilron I, Booher SL, Rowan JS, et al. Topiramate in trigeminal neuralgia: a randomized, placebo-controlled multiple crossover pilot study. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2001 Mar-Apr;24(2):109–12. PMID: 11307048. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 11307048]

Gilron I, Chaparro LE, Tu D, et al. Combination of pregabalin with duloxetine for fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2016 Jul;157(7):1532–40. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000558. PMID: 26982602. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 26982602] [CrossRef]

Gimenez M, Pujol J, Ali Z, et al. Naproxen effects on brain response to painful pressure stimulation in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-dose study. J Rheumatol. 2014 Nov;41(11):2240–8. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.131367. PMID: 25274897. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 25274897] [CrossRef]

Ginsberg F, Mancaux A, Joos E, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of sustained-release amitriptyline in primary fibromyalgia. J Musculoskelet Pain. 1996;4(3):37–47. doi: 10.1300/J094v04n03_05. Exclusion: 9 [CrossRef]

Giordano N, Geraci S, Santacroce C, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: A single-blind study. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1999 Dec;60(12):696–702. doi: 10.1016/S0011-393X(99)90008-5. Exclusion: 3 [CrossRef]

Glantz L, Godovic G, Lekar M, et al. Efficacy of transdermal nitroglycerin combined with etodolac for the treatment of chronic post-thoracotomy pain: an open-label prospective clinical trial. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2004 Mar;27(3):277–81. PMID: 15038339. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 15038339]

GlaxoSmithKline. A Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Lamotrigine 200mg/day, 300mg/day, and 400mg/day Compared with Placebo in Subjects with Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (NPP30004). http://download​.gsk-clinicalstudyregister.com/files/1626.pdf. 2005:Study no. NPP30004. Exclusion: 3

GlaxoSmithKline. A Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Lamotrigine 200mg/day, 300mg/day, and 400mg/day Compared with Placebo in Subjects with Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (NPP30005). 2005. p. Study no. NPP30005. Exclusion: 3

Glick EN. A clinical Trial of Tofranil in osteo-arthritis. J Int Med Res. 1976;4:(2 Suppl):20–2. PMID: 799986. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 799986]

Goei The HS, Lund B, Distel MR, et al. A double-blind, randomized trial to compare meloxicam 15 mg with diclofenac 100 mg in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1997 Jul;5(4):283–8. PMID: 9404473. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 9404473]

Goldenberg D, Mayskiy M, Mossey C, et al. A randomized, double-blind crossover trial of fluoxetine and amitriptyline in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 1996 Nov;39(11):1852–9. PMID: 8912507. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 8912507]

Goldenberg DL, Felson DT, Dinerman H. A randomized, controlled trial of amitriptyline and naproxen in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 1986 Nov;29(11):1371–7. PMID: 3535811. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 3535811]

Goldie I. A clinical trial with indomethacin (indomee(R)) in low back pain and sciatica. Acta Orthop Scand. 1968;39(1):117–28. PMID: 4239771. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 4239771]

Goldie IF, Gunterberg B, Tiselius P. An objective evaluation of naproxen for the inflammatory reaction in the rheumatoid hand. Scand J Rheumatol. 1974;3(4):161–8. PMID: 4617299. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 4617299]

Goldstein J, Hagen M, Gold M. Results of a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, single-dose study comparing the fixed combination of acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, and caffeine with ibuprofen for acute treatment of patients with severe migraine. Cephalalgia. 2014 Nov;34(13):1070–8. doi: 10.1177/0333102414530527. PMID: 24733408. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 24733408] [CrossRef]

Goldstein JL. Significant upper gastrointestinal events associated with conventional NSAID versus celecoxib. J Rheumatol Suppl. 2000 Oct;60:25–8. PMID: 11032099. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 11032099]

Goldstein JL, Cryer B, Amer F, et al. Celecoxib plus aspirin versus naproxen and lansoprazole plus aspirin: a randomized, double-blind, endoscopic trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Oct;5(10):1167–74. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2007.06.009. PMID: 17916545. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 17916545] [CrossRef]

Goldstein JL, Hochberg MC, Fort JG, et al. Clinical trial: the incidence of NSAID-associated endoscopic gastric ulcers in patients treated with PN 400 (naproxen plus esomeprazole magnesium) vs. enteric-coated naproxen alone. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Aug;32(3):401–13. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04378.x. PMID: 20497139. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 20497139] [CrossRef]

Goldstein JL, Silverstein FE, Agrawal NM, et al. Reduced risk of upper gastrointestinal ulcer complications with celecoxib, a novel COX-2 inhibitor. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Jul;95(7):1681–90. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.02194.x. PMID: 10925968. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 10925968] [CrossRef]

Gomez G. Long-term safety study of ketoprofen. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1976;Suppl:85–6. PMID: 796955. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 796955]

Goncalves AL, Martini Ferreira A, Ribeiro RT, et al. Randomised clinical trial comparing melatonin 3 mg, amitriptyline 25 mg and placebo for migraine prevention. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016 Oct;87(10):1127–32. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-313458. PMID: 27165014. Exclusion: 4 [PMC free article: PMC5036209] [PubMed: 27165014] [CrossRef]

Gonzalez-Duarte A, Lem M, Diaz-Diaz E, et al. The Efficacy of Pregabalin in the Treatment of Prediabetic Neuropathic Pain. Clin J Pain. 2016 Nov;32(11):927–32. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000339. PMID: 26670614. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 26670614] [CrossRef]

Gordh TE, Stubhaug A, Jensen TS, et al. Gabapentin in traumatic nerve injury pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, multi-center study. Pain. 2008 Aug 31;138(2):255–66. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.12.011. PMID: 18258368. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 18258368] [CrossRef]

Gordin A, Karppinen I, Holttinen K. Comparison of slow-release indomethacin and diflunisal in patients with arthrosis. Curr Med Res Opin. 1984;9(4):275–9. doi: 10.1185/03007998409109591. PMID: 6510016. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 6510016] [CrossRef]

Gorson KC, Schott C, Herman R, et al. Gabapentin in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: a placebo controlled, double blind, crossover trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999 Feb;66(2):251–2. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.66.2.251. PMID: 10071116. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC1736215] [PubMed: 10071116] [CrossRef]

Grace EM, Mewa A, Rooney PJ, et al. Clinical therapeutic trial of sodium meclofenamate and naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis, with comments on the use of placebos in clinical trials. Curr Med Res Opin. 1983;8(6):417–24. doi: 10.1185/03007998309111748. PMID: 6342956. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 6342956] [CrossRef]

Graham D, Agrawal NM, Roth SH. Prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcer with misoprostol: multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 1988 Dec 3;2(8623):1277–80. PMID: 2904006. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 2904006]

Graham DY, Agrawal NM, Campbell DR, et al. Ulcer prevention in long-term users of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: results of a double-blind, randomized, multicenter, active- and placebo-controlled study of misoprostol vs lansoprazole. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Jan 28;162(2):169–75. PMID: 11802750. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 11802750]

Graham DY, Jewell NP, Chan FK. Rofecoxib and clinically significant upper and lower gastrointestinal events revisited based on documents from recent litigation. Am J Med Sci. 2011 Nov;342(5):356–64. doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3182113658. PMID: 21986300. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC3203315] [PubMed: 21986300] [CrossRef]

Grayson MF. Knee joint temperatures during the use of anti-inflammatory drugs. Ann Clin Res. 1974 Jun;6(3):167–70. PMID: 4844129. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 4844129]

Grayson MF. A clinical trial of diflunisal against aspirin in osteoarthritis. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1978 Nov;17(4):265–9. PMID: 366723. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 366723]

Grayson MF, Huskisson EC. A sequential trial of indomethacin and sodium amylobarbitone at night in rheumatoid arthritis, with comments on the statistical method. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1974 Nov;13(4):176–8. PMID: 4614367. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 4614367]

Graziano FM. Once-daily or twice-daily administration of naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Ther. 1991;13(Suppl A):20–5. Exclusion: 3

Greb WH, von Schrader HW, Cerlek S, et al. Endoscopic studies of nabumetone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A comparative endoscopic and histologic evaluation. Am J Med. 1987 Oct 30;83(4B):19–24. PMID: 3318423. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 3318423]

Gregori D, Giacovelli G, Minto C, et al. Association of pharmacological treatments with long-term pain control in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2018 Dec 25;320(24):2564–79. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.19319. PMID: 30575881. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC6583519] [PubMed: 30575881] [CrossRef]

Grennan DM, Ferry DG, Ashworth ME, et al. The aspirin-ibuprofen interaction in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979 Nov;8(5):497–503. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb01033.x. PMID: 389264. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC1429811] [PubMed: 389264] [CrossRef]

Griffin AJ, Grahame R, Bloch M, et al. Ketoprofen: double-blind cross-over study with indomethacin administered as a combined suppository/capsule regime in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A preliminary report. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1978;Suppl:84–9. PMID: 364616. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 364616]

Gross W. Long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: results of a two-year study with tenoxicam. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1987;9(2):102–4. PMID: 3329098. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3329098]

Group AR. Naproxen and celecoxib do not prevent AD in early results from a randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2007 May 22;68(21):1800–8. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000260269.93245.d2. PMID: 17460158. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 17460158] [CrossRef]

Guan Y, Ding X, Cheng Y, et al. Efficacy of pregabalin for peripheral neuropathic pain: results of an 8-week, flexible-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted in China. Clin Ther. 2011 Feb;33(2):159–66. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2011.02.007. PMID: 21444113. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 21444113] [CrossRef]

Guiloff RJ. Carbamazepine in Morton’s neuralgia. Br Med J. 1979 Oct 13;2(6195):904. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.6195.904. PMID: 519226. Exclusion: 5 [PMC free article: PMC1596779] [PubMed: 519226] [CrossRef]

Gulati PD, Sharma RK, Sood KC, et al. Flurbiprofen-a new anti-prostaglandin anti-inflammatory drug in rheumatoid arthritis. J Assoc Physicians India. 1981 Aug;29(8):603–7. PMID: 7040332. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7040332]

Gum OB. Long-term efficacy and safety of benoxaprofen: comparison with aspirin and ibuprofen in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol Suppl. 1980;6:76–88. PMID: 6993676. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 6993676]

Gunter BR, Butler KA, Wallace RL, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced cardiovascular adverse events: a meta-analysis. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2017 Feb;42(1):27–38. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.12484. PMID: 28019014. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 28019014] [CrossRef]

Gupta SK, Mahajan A, Tandon V. Gabapentin for the treatment of neuropathic pain. JK Science. 2004;6(3):113–4. Exclusion: 5

Gutierrez T, Hohmann AG. Cannabinoids for the treatment of neuropathic pain: Are they safe and effective? Future Neurol. 2011;6(2):129–33. doi: 10.2217/fnl.11.6. Exclusion: 5 [CrossRef]

Guy W, Ban TA, McEvoy JP, et al. A collaborative study of a new antidepressant, viloxazine, in neurotic and endogenous depressives. Int Pharmacopsychiatry. 1982;17(1):36–42. PMID: 7045017. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7045017]

Gyory AN, Bloch M, Burry HC, et al. Orudis in management of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis of the hip: comparison with indomethacin. Br Med J. 1972 Nov 18;4(5837):398–400. doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5837.398. PMID: 4564764. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC1786628] [PubMed: 4564764] [CrossRef]

Haanpaa M. Controlled release oxycodone-An evidence-based treatment for pain in acute herpes zoster. Pain. 2009 Apr;142(3):175–6. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2009.01.025. PMID: 19233562. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 19233562] [CrossRef]

Haanpaa M, Cruccu G, Nurmikko TJ, et al. Capsaicin 8% patch versus oral pregabalin in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain. Eur J Pain. 2016 Feb;20(2):316–28. doi: 10.1002/ejp.731. PMID: 26581442. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC4738436] [PubMed: 26581442] [CrossRef]

Hackett GI, Boddie HG, Harrison P. Chronic muscle contraction headache: the importance of depression and anxiety. J R Soc Med. 1987 Nov;80(11):689–91. PMID: 3320366. Exclusion: 4 [PMC free article: PMC1291089] [PubMed: 3320366]

Hahn K, Arendt G, Braun JS, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of gabapentin for painful HIV-associated sensory neuropathies. J Neurol. 2004 Oct;251(10):1260–6. doi: 10.1007/s00415-004-0529-6. PMID: 15503108. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 15503108] [CrossRef]

Hahn KJ. A comparison of phenylbutazone and indometacin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arzneimittelforschung. 1973 Jun;23(6):851–4. PMID: 4579954. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 4579954]

Hamaty D, Valentine JL, Howard R, et al. The plasma endorphin, prostaglandin and catecholamine profile of patients with fibrositis treated with cyclobenzaprine and placebo: a 5-month study. J Rheumatol Suppl. 1989 Nov;19:164–8. PMID: 2532682. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 2532682]

Hammack JE, Michalak JC, Loprinzi CL, et al. Phase III evaluation of nortriptyline for alleviation of symptoms of cis-platinum-induced peripheral neuropathy. Pain. 2002 Jul;98(1-2):195–203. PMID: 12098632. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 12098632]

Hanly JG. Salsalate in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Today’s Therapeutic Trends. 1994;12(2):53–60. Exclusion: 5

Hannequin JR. Efficacy of Arthrotec in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1992;96:7–14. PMID: 1439627. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 1439627]

Harden RN, Freeman R, Rainka M, et al. A phase 2a, randomized, crossover trial of gabapentin enacarbil for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia in gabapentin inadequate responders. Pain Med. 2013 Dec;14(12):1918–32. doi: 10.1111/pme.12227. PMID: 24102928. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 24102928] [CrossRef]

Hardy T, Sachson R, Shen S, et al. Does treatment with duloxetine for neuropathic pain impact glycemic control? Diabetes Care. 2007 Jan;30(1):21–6. doi: 10.2337/dc06-0947. PMID: 17192327. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 17192327] [CrossRef]

Harris RE, Williams DA, McLean SA, et al. Characterization and consequences of pain variability in individuals with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Nov;52(11):3670–4. doi: 10.1002/art.21407. PMID: 16258905. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 16258905] [CrossRef]

Harrison T, Miyahara S, Lee A, et al. Experience and challenges presented by a multicenter crossover study of combination analgesic therapy for the treatment of painful HIV-associated polyneuropathies. Pain Med. 2013 Jul;14(7):1039–47. doi: 10.1111/pme.12084. PMID: 23565581. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC4207215] [PubMed: 23565581] [CrossRef]

Hart CB, Rhymer AR, Miola SR. INDOCIN® SR (indomethacin, MSD) in the treatment of moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1982 Nov;12(2 Suppl 1):147–51. Exclusion: 9

Hart CB, Tempero KF, Sromovsky JA, et al. ‘Osmosin’ (sodium indomethacin trihydrate) in the treatment of elderly patients with osteoarthritis. Curr Med Res Opin. 1983;8: Suppl 2:72–82. doi: 10.1185/03007998309109826. PMID: 6342964. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 6342964] [CrossRef]

Hart FD, Boardman PL. Indomethacin and phenylbutazone: a comparison. Br Med J. 1965 Nov 27;2(5473):1281–4. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5473.1281. PMID: 5321595. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC1846645] [PubMed: 5321595] [CrossRef]

Harth M, Bondy DC. Indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hips and knees. Can Med Assoc J. 1969 Sep 20;101(6):311–6. PMID: 4898391. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC1946157] [PubMed: 4898391]

Hauser W, Petzke F, Fitzcharles MA. Efficacy, tolerability and safety of cannabis-based medicines for chronic pain management - An overview of systematic reviews. Eur J Pain. 2018 Mar;22(3):455–70. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1118. PMID: 29034533. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 29034533] [CrossRef]

Havranek H. Double-blind study of tenoxicam 20 mg versus piroxicam 20 mg in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1987;9(2):105–8. PMID: 3329099. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3329099]

Hawkey C, Kahan A, Steinbruck K, et al. Gastrointestinal tolerability of meloxicam compared to diclofenac in osteoarthritis patients. International MELISSA Study Group. Meloxicam Large-scale International Study Safety Assessment.[Erratum appears in Br J Rheumatol 1998 Oct;37(10):1142]. Br J Rheumatol. 1998 Sep;37(9):937–45. PMID: 9783757. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 9783757]

Hawkey CJ, Karrasch JA, Szczepanski L, et al. Omeprazole compared with misoprostol for ulcers associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Omeprazole versus Misoprostol for NSAID-induced Ulcer Management (OMNIUM) Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1998 Mar 12;338(11):727–34. doi: 10.1056/nejm199803123381105. PMID: 9494149. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 9494149] [CrossRef]

Hawkey CJ, Laine L, Harper SE, et al. Influence of risk factors on endoscopic and clinical ulcers in patients taking rofecoxib or ibuprofen in two randomized controlled trials. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Oct;15(10):1593–601. PMID: 11563999. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 11563999]

Hawkey CJ, Weinstein WM, Smalley W, et al. Effect of risk factors on complicated and uncomplicated ulcers in the TARGET lumiracoxib outcomes study. Gastroenterology. 2007 Jul;133(1):57–64. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.04.045. PMID: 17631131. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 17631131] [CrossRef]

Hawkey CJ, Weinstein WM, Stricker K, et al. Clinical trial: comparison of the gastrointestinal safety of lumiracoxib with traditional nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs early after the initiation of treatment-findings from the Therapeutic Arthritis Research and Gastrointestinal Event Trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 May;27(9):838–45. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03622.x. PMID: 18221410. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 18221410] [CrossRef]

Hays RD, Martin SA, Sesti AM, et al. Psychometric properties of the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep measure. Sleep Med. 2005 Jan;6(1):41–4. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2004.07.006. PMID: 15680294. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 15680294] [CrossRef]

Hazleman BL, Bulgen DY. A comparative study of the long-term efficacy of flurbiprofen and indomethacin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, with special reference to iron metabolism. Curr Med Res Opin. 1977;5(1):58–63. doi: 10.1185/03007997709108978. PMID: 334475. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 334475] [CrossRef]

Hazleman BL, Thomas PP. Single-blind comparative study of nabumetone (Relafen) versus naproxen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med. 1987 Oct 30;83(4B):60–4. PMID: 3318431. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 3318431]

Hazlewood G, van der Heijde DM, Bombardier C. Paracetamol for the management of pain in inflammatory arthritis: a systematic literature review. J Rheumatol Suppl. 2012 Sep;90:11–6. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.120336. PMID: 22942323. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 22942323] [CrossRef]

Helby-Petersen P, Ibfelt H, Rossel I. A double-blind crossover comparison of naproxen and placebo in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1973;2:145–9. PMID: 4590040. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 4590040]

Hendricks O, Andersen TE, Christiansen AA, et al. Efficacy and safety of cannabidiol followed by an open label add-on of tetrahydrocannabinol for the treatment of chronic pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis: protocol for a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled study. BMJ Open. 2019 Jun 4;9(6):e028197. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028197. PMID: 31167870. Exclusion: 5 [PMC free article: PMC6561449] [PubMed: 31167870] [CrossRef]

Henry KA. Memantine for the prophylaxis of chronic tension-type headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2009 Dec;13(6):423–4. PMID: 19889282. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 19889282]

Hering-Hanit R. Baclofen for prevention of migraine. Cephalalgia. 1999 Jul;19(6):589–91. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1999.019006589.x. PMID: 10448546. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 10448546] [CrossRef]

Herrera JA, Millan A, Ramos R, et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness and tolerability of controlled-release diclofenac-potassium versus immediate-release diclofenac-potassium in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2007 Mar;68(2):82–93. doi: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2007.03.004. PMID: 24678122. Exclusion: 10 [PMC free article: PMC3965968] [PubMed: 24678122] [CrossRef]

Heymann RE, Helfenstein M, Feldman D. A double-blind, randomized, controlled study of amitriptyline, nortriptyline and placebo in patients with fibromyalgia. An analysis of outcome measures. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Nov-Dec;19(6):697–702. PMID: 11791642. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 11791642]

Hickey RF. Chronic low back pain: a comparison of diflunisal with paracetamol. N Z Med J. 1982 May 12;95(707):312–4. PMID: 6212783. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 6212783]

Hill HF, Hill AG. Naproxen in ankylosing spondylitis. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1973;2:121–6. PMID: 4590035. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 4590035]

Hill HF, Hill AG. Ankylosing spondylitis: open long-term and double-blind crossover studies with naproxen. J Clin Pharmacol. 1975 Apr;15(4 Pt. 2):355–62. PMID: 1092729. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 1092729]

Hill HF, Hill AG, Mowat AG, et al. Naproxen. A new non-hormonal anti-inflammatory agent. Studies in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1974 Jan;33(1):12–9. doi: 10.1136/ard.33.1.12. PMID: 4595271. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC1006192] [PubMed: 4595271] [CrossRef]

Hill J, Bird HA, Fenn GC, et al. A double-blind crossover study to compare lysine acetyl salicylate (Aspergesic) with ibuprofen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Pharm Ther. 1990 Jun;15(3):205–11. PMID: 2114414. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 2114414]

Hill KP. Medical Marijuana for Treatment of Chronic Pain and Other Medical and Psychiatric Problems: A Clinical Review. JAMA. 2015 Jun 23-30;313(24):2474–83. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.6199. PMID: 26103031. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 26103031] [CrossRef]

Hingorani K. Double-blind crossover trial comparing ibuprofen with flufenamic acid in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Phys Med. 1970;10:(Suppl 10):76–82. PMID: 5524286. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 5524286]

Ho JM, Tricco AC, Perrier L, et al. Risk of heart failure and edema associated with the use of pregabalin: a systematic review. Syst. 2013 May 04;2:25. doi: 10.1186/2046-4053-2-25. PMID: 23641821. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC3655846] [PubMed: 23641821] [CrossRef]

Ho TW, Backonja M, Ma J, et al. Efficient assessment of neuropathic pain drugs in patients with small fiber sensory neuropathies. Pain. 2009 Jan;141(1-2):19–24. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.07.013. PMID: 19013718. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 19013718] [CrossRef]

Hochberg MC. What have we learned from the large outcomes trials of COX-2 selective inhibitors? The rheumatologist’s perspective. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Nov-Dec;19(6 Suppl 25):S15–22. PMID: 11695246. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 11695246]

Hochberg MC, Clegg DO. Potential effects of chondroitin sulfate on joint swelling: a GAIT report. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008;16:(Suppl 3):S22–4. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.06.024. PMID: 18768335. Exclusion: 2 [PMC free article: PMC3771637] [PubMed: 18768335] [CrossRef]

Hochberg MC, Dougados M. Pharmacological therapy of osteoarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2001 Oct;15(4):583–93. doi: 10.1053/berh.2001.0175. PMID: 11567541. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 11567541] [CrossRef]

Hodge RH, Jr. Double-blind crossover comparison of piroxicam and naproxen in the treatment of active osteoarthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1985 Feb;14(3 Suppl 1):3–6. PMID: 3914702. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 3914702]

Hodgkinson R, Woolf D. A five-year clinical trial of indomethacin in osteoarthrosis of the hip. Practitioner. 1973 Mar;210(257):392–6. PMID: 4571359. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 4571359]

Holbech JV, Bach FW, Finnerup NB, et al. Imipramine and pregabalin combination for painful polyneuropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2015 May;156(5):958–66. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000143. PMID: 25719617. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 25719617] [CrossRef]

Holbech JV, Otto M, Bach FW, et al. The anticonvulsant levetiracetam for the treatment of pain in polyneuropathy: a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Eur J Pain. 2011 Jul;15(6):608–14. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2010.11.007. PMID: 21183370. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 21183370] [CrossRef]

Holman AJ. Pregabalin as treatment for fibromyalgia: the rest of the story? Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2009 Dec;13(6):420–2. PMID: 19889281. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 19889281]

Holmes EL. Experimental observations on flufenamic, mefenamic, and meclofenamic acids. IV. Toleration by normal human subjects. Ann Phys Med. 1966;Suppl:36–49. PMID: 4895006. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 4895006]

Holsgaard-Larsen A, Clausen B, Sondergaard J, et al. The effect of instruction in analgesic use compared with neuromuscular exercise on knee-joint load in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2017 Apr;25(4):470–80. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.10.022. PMID: 27836677. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 27836677] [CrossRef]

Hosie J, Distel M, Bluhmki E. Efficacy and tolerability of meloxicam versus piroxicam in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. Clin Drug Investig. 1997 Apr;13(4):175–84. Exclusion: 3

Howard DL. A double-blind crossover evaluation of ketoprofen (Orudis) and placebo in rheumatoid arthritis with assessment of long-term tolerance. J Int Med Res. 1978;6(4):300–5. doi: 10.1177/030006057800600407. PMID: 357231. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 357231] [CrossRef]

Hu H, Chen L, Ma R, et al. Acupuncture for primary trigeminal neuralgia: A systematic review and PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2019 Feb;34:254–67. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.12.013. PMID: 30712736. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 30712736] [CrossRef]

Huang L, Bocek M, Jordan JK, et al. Memantine for the prevention of primary headache disorders. Ann Pharmacother. 2014 Nov;48(11):1507–11. doi: 10.1177/1060028014548872. PMID: 25159002. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 25159002] [CrossRef]

Hubsher JA, Ballard IM, Walker BR, et al. A multicentre double-blind comparison of oxaprozin aspirin therapy on rheumatoid arthritis. J Int Med Res. 1979;7(1):69–76. doi: 10.1177/030006057900700111. PMID: 369925. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 369925] [CrossRef]

Hudson B, Williman JA, Stamp LK, et al. Nortriptyline in knee osteoarthritis (NortIKA Study): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2015 Oct 9;16:448. doi: 10.1186/s13063-015-0961-1. PMID: 26453560. Exclusion: 2 [PMC free article: PMC4600280] [PubMed: 26453560] [CrossRef]

Hudson N, Taha A, Russell R, et al. Famotidine for healing and maintenance in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated gastroduodeanl ulceration. Gastroenterology. 1997 Jun;112(6):1817–22. PMID: 9178671. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 9178671]

Huffman CL, Goldenberg JN, Weintraub J, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Once-Daily Controlled-Release Pregabalin for the Treatment of Patients With Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Double-Blind, Enriched Enrollment Randomized Withdrawal, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Clin J Pain. 2017 Jul;33(7):569–78. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000445. PMID: 27753650. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 27753650] [CrossRef]

Hughes J. Gabapentin and nortriptyline combined was better than either drug alone for relief of neuropathic pain. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Mar 16;152(6):JC3–6. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-152-6-201003160-02006. PMID: 20231560. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 20231560] [CrossRef]

Humberto Lizarazo P, Pena Cortes M. Single-blind parallel study comparing naproxen with sulindac and with diclofenac in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1983;34(4):701–7. Exclusion: 6

Hunt RH, Harper S, Watson DJ, et al. The gastrointestinal safety of the COX-2 selective inhibitor etoricoxib assessed by both endoscopy and analysis of upper gastrointestinal events. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003 Aug;98(8):1725–33. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07598.x. PMID: 12907325. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 12907325] [CrossRef]

Hunter AM, Leuchter AF, Cook IA, et al. Brain functional changes and duloxetine treatment response in fibromyalgia: a pilot study. Pain Med. 2009 May-Jun;10(4):730–8. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00614.x. PMID: 19453962. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 19453962] [CrossRef]

Husby G. The Norwegian multicenter study. Am J Med. 1986 Nov 28;81(5B):6–10. PMID: 3538870. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3538870]

Husby G, Holme I, Rugstad HE, et al. A double-blind multicentre trial of piroxicam and naproxen in osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 1986 Jan;5(1):84–91. PMID: 3514082. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3514082]

Huskisson EC. Long-term use of fenoprofen in rheumatoid arthritis: the therapeutic ratio. Curr Med Res Opin. 1974;2(9):545–50. doi: 10.1185/03007997409115255. PMID: 4615885. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 4615885] [CrossRef]

Huskisson EC. Clinical trials of Sulindac in rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. Acta Rhumatol Belg. 1977 Jul-Dec;1(3-4):257–61. PMID: 388989. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 388989]

Huskisson EC, Bernstein RM, Coppock JS, et al. Enteric coated naproxen; a double blind trial comparing the tolerance of enteric coated and standard formulations. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1992;12(2):27–30. PMID: 1364935. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 1364935]

Huskisson EC, Bryans R, Scott J. Fluproquazone for osteoarthritis. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1981 May;20(2):122–4. PMID: 7025173. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 7025173]

Huskisson EC, Dieppe PA, Scott J, et al. Diclofenac sodium, diflunisal and naproxen: patient preferences for anti-inflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1982 Nov;21(4):238–42. PMID: 7134745. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 7134745]

Huskisson EC, Greenwood A. Naproxen and piroxicam. A comparative trial in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1983;6(3):242–6. PMID: 6239778. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 6239778]

Huskisson EC, Scott J, Woolf DL. Three trials of indoprofen. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1981;4(1):97–102. PMID: 7042369. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 7042369]

Huskisson EC, Shenfield GM, Taylor RT, et al. A new look at ibuprofen. Rheumatol Phys Med. 1970;10:(Suppl 10):88–98. PMID: 5524288. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 5524288]

Huskisson EC, Wojtulewski JA, Berry H, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with fenoprofen: comparison with aspirin. Br Med J. 1974 Feb 2;1(5900):176–80. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5900.176. PMID: 4590669. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC1633047] [PubMed: 4590669] [CrossRef]

Hussar DA. New drugs: milnacipran hydrochloride, fesoterodine fumarate, and silodosin. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2009 Mar-Apr;49(2):347–50. doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2009.09509. PMID: 19289354. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 19289354] [CrossRef]

Hybbinette CH. Piroxicam and naproxen in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Br J Clin Pract. 1981 Jan;35(1):30–4. PMID: 7020730. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 7020730]

Ibba G, Uras R, Perpignano G. Double-blind comparison of glucametacin and ketoprofen in chronic arthropathies. Curr Med Res Opin. 1983;8(5):321–6. doi: 10.1185/03007998309112391. PMID: 6340973. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 6340973] [CrossRef]

Indaco A, Carrieri PB. Amitriptyline in the treatment of headache in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Neurology. 1988 Nov;38(11):1720–2. doi: 10.1212/wnl.38.11.1720. PMID: 3054626. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 3054626] [CrossRef]

Irving G, Backonja M, Rauck R, et al. NGX-4010, a capsaicin 8% dermal patch, administered alone or in combination with systemic neuropathic pain medications, reduces pain in patients with postherpetic neuralgia. Clin J Pain. 2012 Feb;28(2):101–7. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e318227403d. PMID: 21753727. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 21753727] [CrossRef]

Irving GA, Sweeney M. Tolerability and safety of gastroretentive once-daily gabapentin tablets for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. J Pain Res. 2012;5:203–8. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S32562. PMID: 22792006. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC3392710] [PubMed: 22792006] [CrossRef]

Isomeri R, Mikkelsson M, Latikka P, et al. Effects of amitriptyline and cardiovascular fitness training on pain in patients with primary fibromyalgia. J Musculoskelet Pain. 1993;1(3-4):253–60. doi: 10.1300/J094v01n03_27. Exclusion: 3 [CrossRef]

Isuru A, Rodrigo A, Wijesinghe C, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the role of preemptive analgesia with acetaminophen [paracetamol] in reducing headache following electroconvulsive therapy [ECT]. BMC Psychiatry. 2017 Jul 28;17(1):275. doi: 10.1186/s12888-017-1444-6. PMID: 28754173. Exclusion: 4 [PMC free article: PMC5534025] [PubMed: 28754173] [CrossRef]

Iversen O, Fowles M, Vlieg M, et al. Sustained release indomethacin: a double blind comparison with indomethacin suppositories. N Z Med J. 1981 Apr 22;93(682):261–2. PMID: 7019782. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7019782]

Izhar M, Alausa T, Folker A, et al. Effects of COX inhibition on blood pressure and kidney function in ACE inhibitor-treated blacks and hispanics. Hypertension. 2004 Mar;43(3):573–7. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000115921.55353.e0. PMID: 14744921. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 14744921] [CrossRef]

Jacobs JH, Grayson MF. Trial of an anti-inflammatory agent (indomethacin) in low back pain with and without radicular involvement. Br Med J. 1968 Jul 20;3(5611):158–60. doi: 10.1136/bmj.3.5611.158. PMID: 4232743. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC1986152] [PubMed: 4232743] [CrossRef]

Jalali S, MacFarlane JG, Grace EM, et al. Frequency of administration of short half-life nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAID’s): studies with ibuprofen. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1986 Jan-Mar;4(1):91–3. PMID: 3516497. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 3516497]

Jalava S. A double blind crossover study of carprofen and indomethacin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1983;48:5–9. PMID: 6340183. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 6340183]

Jamar R, Dequeker J. Oxaprozin versus aspirin in rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind trial. Curr Med Res Opin. 1978;5(6):433–8. doi: 10.1185/03007997809111911. PMID: 350495. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 350495] [CrossRef]

Janke PG, Diggins JB, Currie WJ, et al. A multi-centre study of sulindac versus naproxen in the treatment of elderly osteoarthritic patients. Pharmatherapeutica. 1984;3(10):663–7. PMID: 6379679. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 6379679]

Jasani MK, Downie WW, Samuels BM, et al. Ibuprofen in rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical study of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. Ann Rheum Dis. 1968 Sep;27(5):457–62. doi: 10.1136/ard.27.5.457. PMID: 4283768. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC1031152] [PubMed: 4283768] [CrossRef]

Jayawardena S, Leyva R, Kellstein D. Safety of a novel formulation of ibuprofen sodium compared with standard ibuprofen and placebo. Postgrad Med. 2015 Jan;127(1):33–7. doi: 10.1080/00325481.2015.993268. PMID: 25526232. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 25526232] [CrossRef]

Jennings M, Alfieri D. A controlled comparison of etodolac and naproxen in osteoarthritis of the foot. Lower Extremity. 1997;4:43–8. Exclusion: 9

Jensen D, Ho S, Hamamah S, et al. A randomized study of omeprazole compared to misoprostol for prevention of recurrent ulcers and ulcer hemorrhage in high risk patients ingesting aspirin or NSAIDs. Gastroenterology. 2000 Apr;118(4 Pt 1):A892. doi: 10.1016/S0016-5085(00)85703-0. Exclusion: 3 [CrossRef]

Jensen KB, Petzke F, Carville S, et al. Segregating the cerebral mechanisms of antidepressants and placebo in fibromyalgia. J Pain. 2014 Dec;15(12):1328–37. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2014.09.011. PMID: 25283470. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 25283470] [CrossRef]

Jensen MP, Chiang YK, Wu J. Assessment of pain quality in a clinical trial of gabapentin extended release for postherpetic neuralgia. Clin J Pain. 2009 May;25(4):286–92. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e318192bf87. PMID: 19590476. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 19590476] [CrossRef]

Jensen MP, Molton IR. The reciprocal effects of pain intensity and activity limitations: implications for outcomes assessment in clinical trials. Clin J Pain. 2014 Jan;30(1):9–16. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e318287a27d. PMID: 23446086. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 23446086] [CrossRef]

Johnsen V, Bjerkhoel F, Bjorneboe O, et al. Duration of morning stiffness in rheumatic patients after medication with enteric-coated and plain naproxen tablets. Scand J Rheumatol. 1986;15(1):37–40. PMID: 3515526. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 3515526]

Johnson ES, Ratcliffe DM, Wilkinson M. Naproxen sodium in the treatment of migraine. Cephalalgia. 1985 Mar;5(1):5–10. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1985.0501005.x. PMID: 3886154. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 3886154] [CrossRef]

Johnson RH, Hornabrook RW, Lambie DG. Comparison of mefenamic acid and propranolol with placebo in migraine prophylaxis. Acta Neurol Scand. 1986 May;73(5):490–2. PMID: 3524092. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 3524092]

Jose VM, Bhansali A, Hota D, et al. Randomized double-blind study comparing the efficacy and safety of lamotrigine and amitriptyline in painful diabetic neuropathy. Diabet Med. 2007 Apr;24(4):377–83. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02093.x. PMID: 17335465. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 17335465] [CrossRef]

Jung SY, Jang EJ, Nam SW, et al. Comparative effectiveness of oral pharmacologic interventions for knee osteoarthritis: A network meta-analysis. Mod Rheumatol. 2018 Nov;28(6):1021–8. doi: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1439694. PMID: 29429391. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 29429391] [CrossRef]

Kaarela K, Lehtinen K, Makisara P, et al. Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of slow-release indomethacin tablets in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1982 Oct;23(4):349–51. PMID: 7173304. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 7173304]

Kageyama T. Clinical evaluation of naproxen in the treatment of osteoarthritis-double-blind, cross-over trial. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1973;2:94–100. PMID: 4590059. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 4590059]

Kajdasz DK, Iyengar S, Desaiah D, et al. Duloxetine for the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain: evidence-based findings from post hoc analysis of three multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies. Clin Ther. 2007;29 Suppl:2536–46. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.12.002. PMID: 18164920. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 18164920] [CrossRef]

Kalso E, Tasmuth T, Neuvonen PJ. Amitriptyline effectively relieves neuropathic pain following treatment of breast cancer. Pain. 1996 Feb;64(2):293–302. PMID: 8740607. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 8740607]

Kanai A, Segawa Y, Okamoto T, et al. The analgesic effect of a metered-dose 8% lidocaine pump spray in posttraumatic peripheral neuropathy: a pilot study. Anesth Analg. 2009 Mar;108(3):987–91. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31819431aa. PMID: 19224814. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 19224814] [CrossRef]

Karbowski A. Double-blind, parallel comparison of etodolac and indomethacin in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Curr Med Res Opin. 1991;12(5):309–17. doi: 10.1185/03007999109112666. PMID: 1825972. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 1825972] [CrossRef]

Karmakar S, Rashidian H, Chan C, et al. Investigating the role of neuropathic pain relief in decreasing gait variability in diabetes mellitus patients with neuropathic pain: a randomized, double-blind crossover trial. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2014 Aug 20;11:125. doi: 10.1186/1743-0003-11-125. PMID: 25139539. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC4150964] [PubMed: 25139539] [CrossRef]

Karp JF, Rollman BL, Reynolds CF, 3rd, et al. Addressing both depression and pain in late life: the methodology of the ADAPT study. Pain Med. 2012 Mar;13(3):405–18. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01322.x. PMID: 22313547. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC3309151] [PubMed: 22313547] [CrossRef]

Karst M, Wippermann S, Ahrens J. Role of cannabinoids in the treatment of pain and (painful) spasticity. Drugs. 2010 Dec 24;70(18):2409–38. doi: 10.2165/11585260-000000000-00000. PMID: 21142261. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 21142261] [CrossRef]

Kater RM. Double-blind evaluation of the analgesic and toxic effects of flufenamic acid and mefenamic acid in patients with chronic pain. Med J Aust. 1968 May 18;1(20):848–51. PMID: 5652895. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 5652895]

Katona G, Vargas RB. Double-blind crossover study to evaluate the efficacy of a single daily dose of naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1983;6(3):233–41. PMID: 6391928. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 6391928]

Katz N, Borenstein DG, Birbara C, et al. Efficacy and safety of tanezumab in the treatment of chronic low back pain. Pain. 2011 Oct;152(10):2248–58. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.05.003. PMID: 21696889. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 21696889] [CrossRef]

Kautio AL, Haanpaa M, Leminen A, et al. Amitriptyline in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic symptoms. Anticancer Res. 2009 Jul;29(7):2601–6. PMID: 19596934. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 19596934]

Kautio AL, Haanpaa M, Saarto T, et al. Amitriptyline in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic symptoms. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2008 Jan;35(1):31–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.02.043. PMID: 17980550. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 17980550] [CrossRef]

Kavirajan H. Memantine: a comprehensive review of safety and efficacy. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2009 Jan;8(1):89–109. doi: 10.1517/14740330802528420. PMID: 19236221. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 19236221] [CrossRef]

Kaydok E, Levendoglu F, Ozerbil MO, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of gabapentin and pregabalin for neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury: a crossover study. Arch Sicil Med Chir 4 Acta Med Mediterr. 2014;30:1343–8. Exclusion: 9

Kellner HL, Li C, Essex MN. Celecoxib and diclofenac plus omeprazole are similarly effective in the treatment of arthritis in patients at high gi risk in the CONDOR trial. Open Rheumatol J. 2013 Nov 13;7:96–100. doi: 10.2174/1874312901307010096. PMID: 24358067. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC3866697] [PubMed: 24358067] [CrossRef]

Kennedy AC. Ketoprofen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1976;Suppl:34–6. PMID: 796938. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 796938]

Kerr MM. Amitriptyline in emotional states at the menopause. N Z Med J. 1970 Oct;72(461):243–5. PMID: 4922592. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 4922592]

Keskin EA, Onur O, Keskin HL, et al. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation improves low back pain during pregnancy. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2012;74(1):76–83. doi: 10.1159/000337720. PMID: 22722614. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 22722614] [CrossRef]

Keskinbora K, Pekel AF, Aydinli I, et al. Gabapentin and an opioid combination versus opioid alone for the management of neuropathic cancer pain: a randomized open trial. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2007 Aug;34(2):183–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.11.013. PMID: 17604592. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 17604592] [CrossRef]

Khoromi S, Cui L, Nackers L, et al. Morphine, nortriptyline and their combination vs. placebo in patients with chronic lumbar root pain. Pain. 2007 Jul;130(1-2):66–75. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.10.029. PMID: 17182183. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC1974876] [PubMed: 17182183] [CrossRef]

Khoromi S, Patsalides A, Parada S, et al. Topiramate in chronic lumbar radicular pain. J Pain. 2005 Dec;6(12):829–36. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2005.08.002. PMID: 16326371. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 16326371] [CrossRef]

Kieburtz K, Simpson D, Yiannoutsos C, et al. A randomized trial of amitriptyline and mexiletine for painful neuropathy in HIV infection. AIDS Clinical Trial Group 242 Protocol Team. Neurology. 1998 Dec;51(6):1682–8. doi: 10.1212/wnl.51.6.1682. PMID: 9855523. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 9855523] [CrossRef]

Kimos P, Biggs C, Mah J, et al. Analgesic action of gabapentin on chronic pain in the masticatory muscles: a randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2007 Jan;127(1-2):151–60. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.08.028. PMID: 17030096. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 17030096] [CrossRef]

Kinsella TD, MacKenzie KR, Kim SO, et al. Evaluation of indomethacin by a controlled, cross-over technique in 30 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Can Med Assoc J. 1967 Jun 3;96(22):1454–9. PMID: 4164930. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC1922988] [PubMed: 4164930]

Kirchheiner B, Fossgreen J, Tophoj E, et al. Clinical evaluation of ketoprofen (Orudis) in rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind cross-over comparison with indomethacin. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1976;Suppl:50–1. PMID: 796942. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 796942]

Kishore-Kumar R, Max MB, Schafer SC, et al. Desipramine relieves postherpetic neuralgia. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1990 Mar;47(3):305–12. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1990.33. PMID: 2178851. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 2178851] [CrossRef]

Kivitz AJ, Gimbel JS, Bramson C, et al. Efficacy and safety of tanezumab versus naproxen in the treatment of chronic low back pain. Pain. 2013 Jul;154(7):1009–21. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.03.006. PMID: 23628600. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 23628600] [CrossRef]

Kochar DK, Garg P, Bumb RA, et al. Divalproex sodium in the management of post-herpetic neuralgia: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. QJM. 2005 Jan;98(1):29–34. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hci005. PMID: 15625351. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 15625351] [CrossRef]

Kochar DK, Jain N, Agarwal RP, et al. Sodium valproate in the management of painful neuropathy in type 2 diabetes - a randomized placebo controlled study. Acta Neurol Scand. 2002 Nov;106(5):248–52. PMID: 12371916. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 12371916]

Kochar DK, Rawat N, Agrawal RP, et al. Sodium valproate for painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. QJM. 2004 Jan;97(1):33–8. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hch007. PMID: 14702509. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 14702509] [CrossRef]

Kogstad O. A double-blind cross-over study of naproxen and indomethacin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1973;2:159–63. PMID: 4590043. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 4590043]

Kogstad O. Double blind crossover trial of piroxicam and naproxen in the treatment of osteoarthritis of hip and knee. Br J Clin Pract. 1981 Jan;35(1):45–50. PMID: 7020733. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 7020733]

Kolodny AL. Two double blind trials of diclofenac sodium with aspirin and with naproxen in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1988 Aug;15(8):1205–11. PMID: 3054094. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 3054094]

Kosek E, Rosen A, Carville S, et al. Lower Placebo Responses After Long-Term Exposure to Fibromyalgia Pain. J Pain. 2017 Jul;18(7):835–43. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.02.434. PMID: 28279705. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 28279705] [CrossRef]

Kosuwon W, Sirichatiwapee W, Wisanuyotin T, et al. Efficacy of symptomatic control of knee osteoarthritis with 0.0125% of capsaicin versus placebo. J Med Assoc Thai. 2010 Oct;93(10):1188–95. PMID: 20973322. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 20973322]

Kowanko IC, Pownall R, Knapp MS, et al. Circadian variations in the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and in the therapeutic effectiveness of flurbiprofen at different times of day. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1981 May;11(5):477–84. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1981.tb01153.x. PMID: 7272159. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC1401588] [PubMed: 7272159] [CrossRef]

Kravitz HM, Katz RS, Helmke N, et al. Alprazolam and ibuprofen in the treatment of fibromyalgia - Report of a double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Musculoskelet Pain. 1994;2(1):3–27. doi: 10.1300/J094v02n01_02. Exclusion: 9 [CrossRef]

Kudoh A, Ishihara H, Matsuki A. Effect of carbamazepine on pain scores of unipolar depressed patients with chronic pain: A trial of off-on-off-on design. Clin J Pain. 1998 Mar;14(1):61–5. doi: 10.1097/00002508-199803000-00009. PMID: 9535315. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 9535315] [CrossRef]

Kulkantrakorn K, Lorsuwansiri C, Meesawatsom P. 0.025% capsaicin gel for the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial. Pain pract. 2013 Jul;13(6):497–503. doi: 10.1111/papr.12013. PMID: 23228119. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 23228119] [CrossRef]

Kumar U, Khan MA, Latha MS, et al. Choline magnesium trisalicylate vs naproxen in the symptomatic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized clinical trial. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2012 Jan-Mar;5(1):26–31. Exclusion: 3

Kvinesdal B, Molin J, Froland A, et al. Imipramine treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. JAMA. 1984 Apr 6;251(13):1727–30. PMID: 6366276. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 6366276]

La Montagna G, Tirri G, Cacace E, et al. Quality of life assessment during six months of NSAID treatment [Gonarthrosis and Quality of Life (GOAL) Study]. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1998 Jan-Feb;16(1):49–54. PMID: 9543561. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 9543561]

La Montagna G, Tirri G, Cacace E, et al. Quality of life assessment during six months of NSAID treatment. Clinical and experimental rheumatology. 1998;16(1):49–54. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 9543561]

Lai KC, Chu KM, Hui WM, et al. Celecoxib compared with lansoprazole and naproxen to prevent gastrointestinal ulcer complications. Am J Med. 2005 Nov;118(11):1271–8. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.04.031. PMID: 16271912. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 16271912] [CrossRef]

Laine L, Bombardier C, Hawkey CJ, et al. Stratifying the risk of NSAID-related upper gastrointestinal clinical events: results of a double-blind outcomes study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Gastroenterology. 2002 Oct;123(4):1006–12. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 12360461]

Laine L, Connors LG, Reicin A, et al. Serious lower gastrointestinal clinical events with nonselective NSAID or coxib use. Gastroenterology. 2003 Feb;124(2):288–92. doi: 10.1053/gast.2003.50054. PMID: 12557133. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 12557133] [CrossRef]

Laine L, Goldkind L, Curtis SP, et al. How common is diclofenac-associated liver injury? Analysis of 17,289 arthritis patients in a long-term prospective clinical trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Feb;104(2):356–62. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2008.149. PMID: 19174782. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 19174782] [CrossRef]

Lambotte F. Therapeutic activity of 4-allyloxy-3-chlorophenylacetic acid. Arzneimittelforschung. 1970 Apr;20(4):569–71. PMID: 4911592. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 4911592]

Lance JW, Anthony M. Cyclobenzaprine in the treatment of chronic tension headache. Med J Aust. 1972 Dec 16;2(25):1409–11. PMID: 4568320. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 4568320]

Landmann G, Lustenberger C, Schleinzer W, et al. Short lasting transient effects of a capsaicin 8% patch on nociceptor activation in humans. Eur J Pain. 2016 10;20(9):1443–53. doi: 10.1002/ejp.867. PMID: 26988467. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 26988467] [CrossRef]

Landy S, Hoagland R, Hoagland D, et al. Sumatriptan/naproxen sodium combination versus its components administered concomitantly for the acute treatment of migraine: A pragmatic, crossover, open-label outcomes study. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2013;6(5):279–86. doi: 10.1177/1756285613499788. PMID: 23997813. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC3755534] [PubMed: 23997813] [CrossRef]

Lang E, Steger W. A comparative study of efficacy and tolerability of ketoprofen and piroxicam. Br J Clin Pract. 1981 Jul-Aug;35(7-8):267. PMID: 7032566. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 7032566]

Larsen A. Piroxicam versus naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind, cross-over study. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1985;5(1):17–23. PMID: 3888863. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 3888863]

Lee C, Straus WL, Balshaw R, et al. A comparison of the efficacy and safety of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents versus acetaminophen in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Oct 15;51(5):746–54. doi: 10.1002/art.20698. PMID: 15478167. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 15478167] [CrossRef]

Lee KK, You JH, Ho JT, et al. Economic analysis of celecoxib versus diclofenac plus omeprazole for the treatment of arthritis in patients at risk of ulcer disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Jul 15;18(2):217–22. PMID: 12869082. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 12869082]

Lee P, Davis P, Prat A. The efficacy of diflunisal in osteoarthritis of the knee: an extended study. J Rheumatol. 1986 Jun;13(3):666–7. PMID: 3525838. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 3525838]

Lee P, Kennedy AC, Anderson J, et al. Benefits of hospitalization in rheumatoid arthritis. Q J Med. 1974 Apr;43(170):205–14. PMID: 4850737. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 4850737]

Lee P, Rose BS, Anderson JA, et al. Naproxen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. N Z Med J. 1978 Jun 28;87(614):425–7. PMID: 355954. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 355954]

Lee P, Watson M, Webb J, et al. Therapeutic effectiveness of paracetamol in rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Clin Pharmacol Biopharm. 1975 Jan;11(1):68–75. PMID: 1171083. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 1171083]

Lee W, Weisman MH. Treating axial manifestations in ankylosing spondylitis in the presence of peripheral arthritis. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2006 Jun;2(6):298–9. doi: 10.1038/ncprheum0208. PMID: 16932706. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 16932706] [CrossRef]

Lee YC, Massarotti E, Edwards RR, et al. Effect of Milnacipran on Pain in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis with Widespread Pain: A Randomized Blinded Crossover Trial. J Rheumatol. 2016 Jan;43(1):38–45. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.150550. PMID: 26628607. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC4698221] [PubMed: 26628607] [CrossRef]

Lee YH, Song GG. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of duloxetine, pregabalin, and milnacipran for the treatment of fibromyalgia: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Rheumatol Int. 2016 May;36(5):663–72. doi: 10.1007/s00296-016-3468-5. PMID: 27000046. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 27000046] [CrossRef]

Lehtinen K, Kaarela K, Makisara P, et al. Tolerability and efficacy of a slow-release indomethacin tablet in ankylosing spondylitis. Br J Rheumatol. 1984 Feb;23(1):52–6. PMID: 6365231. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 6365231]

Leigh TJ, Bird HA, Hindmarch I, et al. The evaluation of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (tenoxicam) in the treatment of sleep disturbance in osteoarthritic patients. Clin Rheumatol. 1989 Dec;8(4):489–93. PMID: 2692948. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 2692948]

Leijon G, Boivie J. Central post-stroke pain-a controlled trial of amitriptyline and carbamazepine. Pain. 1989 Jan;36(1):27–36. PMID: 2465530. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 2465530]

Leslie RD. Mefenamic acid compared with ibuprofen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Int Med Res. 1977;5(3):161–3. doi: 10.1177/030006057700500303. PMID: 330287. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 330287] [CrossRef]

Lesser H, Sharma U, LaMoreaux L, et al. Pregabalin relieves symptoms of painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2004 Dec 14;63(11):2104–10. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000145767.36287.a1. PMID: 15596757. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 15596757] [CrossRef]

Leuschen MP, Filipi M, Healey K. A randomized open label study of pain medications (naproxen, acetaminophen and ibuprofen) for controlling side effects during initiation of IFN beta-1a therapy and during its ongoing use for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2004 Dec;10(6):636–42. doi: 10.1191/1352458504ms1114oa. PMID: 15584488. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 15584488] [CrossRef]

Levendoglu F, Ogun CO, Ozerbil O, et al. Gabapentin is a first line drug for the treatment of neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004 Apr 1;29(7):743–51. PMID: 15087796. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 15087796]

Levine L, Cloud M, Enas N. Nizatidine prevents peptic ulceration in high-risk patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 1993 Nov 8;153(21):2449–54. PMID: 8215749. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 8215749]

Lewis T, Lain D, Baumgartner SW. Comparison of diflunisal and piroxicam in the management of patients with osteoarthritis. Clin Ther. 1986;9 Suppl C:15–26. PMID: 3548983. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3548983]

Liang TH, Hsu PN. Double-blind, randomised, comparative trial of etodolac SR versus diclofenac in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Curr Med Res Opin. 2003;19(4):336–41. doi: 10.1185/030079903125001866. PMID: 12841927. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 12841927] [CrossRef]

Lightfoot R. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of etodolac and piroxicam in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Etodolac Study 326 Rheumatoid Arthritis Investigators Group. J Rheumatol Suppl. 1997 Feb;47:10–6. PMID: 9035015. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 9035015]

Lindegaard KF, Ovrelid L, Sjaastad O. Naproxen in the prevention of migraine attacks. A double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Headache. 1980 Mar;20(2):96–8. PMID: 6989789. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 6989789]

Linden B, Distel M, Bluhmki E. A double-blind study to compare the efficacy and safety of meloxicam 15 mg with piroxicam 20 mg in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip. Br J Rheumatol. 1996 Apr;35:(Suppl 1):35–8. PMID: 8630634. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 8630634]

Lipkovich IA, Choy EH, Van Wambeke P, et al. Typology of patients with fibromyalgia: cluster analysis of duloxetine study patients. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014 Dec 23;15:450. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-450. PMID: 25532971. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC4364643] [PubMed: 25532971] [CrossRef]

Lipton RB, Bigal ME, Kolodner KB, et al. Acetaminophen in the treatment of headaches associated with dipyridamole-aspirin combination. Neurology. 2004 Sep 28;63(6):1099–101. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000138494.66691.07. PMID: 15452309. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 15452309] [CrossRef]

Lisse J, Espinoza L, Zhao SZ, et al. Functional status and health-related quality of life of elderly osteoarthritic patients treated with celecoxib. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001 Mar;56(3):M167–75. doi: 10.1093/gerona/56.3.m167. PMID: 11253158. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 11253158] [CrossRef]

Lisse JR. Clinical efficacy and safety of naprelan versus naprosyn in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 1996 Sep;25:(9 Suppl):21–9. PMID: 8886214. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 8886214]

Lisse JR, Perlman M, Johansson G, et al. Gastrointestinal tolerability and effectiveness of rofecoxib versus naproxen in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2003 Oct 7;139(7):539–46. PMID: 14530224. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 14530224]

Liu Q, Chen H, Xi L, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pregabalin for postherpetic neuralgia in a population of Chinese patients. Pain pract. 2017 Jan;17(1):62–9. doi: 10.1111/papr.12413. PMID: 26714731. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 26714731] [CrossRef]

Liu WQ, Kanungo A, Toth C. Equivalency of tricyclic antidepressants in open-label neuropathic pain study. Acta Neurol Scand. 2014 Feb;129(2):132–41. doi: 10.1111/ane.12169. PMID: 23937282. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 23937282] [CrossRef]

Liyanage SP, Macauley DI, English JR. Naproxen and sulindac in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1981 Aug;20(3):184–7. PMID: 7025178. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 7025178]

Lomen PL, Lamborn KR, Porter GH, et al. Treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. A comparison of flurbiprofen and aspirin. Am J Med. 1986 Mar 24;80(3A):97–102. PMID: 3963030. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3963030]

Lomen PL, Turner LF, Lamborn KR, et al. Flurbiprofen in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. A comparison with indomethacin. Am J Med. 1986 Mar 24;80(3A):127–32. PMID: 3963018. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3963018]

Lomen PL, Turner LF, Lamborn KR, et al. Flurbiprofen in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. A comparison with phenylbutazone. Am J Med. 1986 Mar 24;80(3A):120–6. PMID: 3963017. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3963017]

Lone AR, Wafai ZA, Buth BA, et al. Analgesic efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation compared with diclofenac sodium in osteo-arthritis of the knee. Physiotherapy. 2003 Aug;89(8):478–85. doi: 10.1016/S0031-9406(05)60005-3. Exclusion: 3 [CrossRef]

Loose LD, Sipe JD, Kirby DS, et al. Reduction of acute-phase proteins with tenidap sodium, a cytokine-modulating anti-rheumatic drug. Br J Rheumatol. 1993 Jun;32: Suppl 3:19–25. PMID: 7685226. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7685226]

Low PA, Opfer-Gehrking TL, Dyck PJ, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the application of capsaicin cream in chronic distal painful polyneuropathy. Pain. 1995 Aug;62(2):163–8. PMID: 8545141. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 8545141]

Lucache B, Jaba I, Albu E, et al. Acupuncture and bee venom therapy vs. diclofenac in the chronic low back pain treatment. Therapeutics, Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology. 2015 Sep;19(3):103–8. Exclusion: 3

Luciano JV, D’Amico F, Feliu-Soler A, et al. Cost-Utility of Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Fibromyalgia Versus Recommended Drugs: An Economic Analysis Alongside a 6-Month Randomized Controlled Trial Conducted in Spain (EFFIGACT Study). J Pain. 2017 Jul;18(7):868–80. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.03.001. PMID: 28342891. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 28342891] [CrossRef]

Lucker PW, Pawlowski C, Friedrich I, et al. Double-blind, randomised, multi-centre clinical study evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of nimesulide in comparison with etodalac in patients suffering from osteoarthritis of the knee. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1994;14(2):29–38. PMID: 7744131. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7744131]

Luftschein S, Bienenstock H, Varady JC, et al. Increasing dose of naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis: use with and without corticosteroids. J Rheumatol. 1979 Jul-Aug;6(4):397–404. PMID: 392094. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 392094]

Lujan M, Lopez-Fiesco A, Lopez y Martinez E, et al. Experimental tension headache in humans: a double blind comparison of the analgesic effect of dipyrone, naproxen plus paracetamol or placebo. Proc West Pharmacol Soc. 1992;35:201–5. PMID: 1502224. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 1502224]

Lund B, Distel M, Bluhmki E. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and tolerance of meloxicam treatment in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Scand J Rheumatol. 1998;27(1):32–7. PMID: 9506875. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 9506875]

Lussier A. Long-term clinical assessment of naproxen on rheumatoid arthritis patients and 51-Cr gastrointestinal bleeding on volunteers. Arzneimittelforschung. 1975 Feb;25(2A):294–8. PMID: 807222. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 807222]

Lussier A, Myhal D, Boost G, et al. Long term study of naproxen challenged by a short-term double blind cross-over study with placebo in rheumatoid patients. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1973;2:113–20. PMID: 4590034. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 4590034]

Lussier A, Segre EJ, Multz CV, et al. Naproxen: a novel approach to dose-finding efficacy trails in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1973 May-Jun;14(3):434–41. doi: 10.1002/cpt1973143434. PMID: 4572801. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 4572801] [CrossRef]

Luyten FP, Geusens P, Malaise M, et al. A prospective randomised multicentre study comparing continuous and intermittent treatment with celecoxib in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007 Jan;66(1):99–106. doi: 10.1136/ard.2006.052308. PMID: 16815864. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC1798410] [PubMed: 16815864] [CrossRef]

Lynch ME, Cesar-Rittenberg P, Hohmann AG. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot trial with extension using an oral mucosal cannabinoid extract for treatment of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2014 Jan;47(1):166–73. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.02.018. PMID: 23742737. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 23742737] [CrossRef]

Machado GC, Maher CG, Ferreira PH, et al. Efficacy and safety of paracetamol for spinal pain and osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials. BMJ. 2015 Mar 31;350:h1225. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h1225. PMID: 25828856. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC4381278] [PubMed: 25828856] [CrossRef]

Mack A. Examination of the evidence for off-label use of gabapentin. J Manag Care Pharm. 2003 Nov-Dec;9(6):559–68. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.6.559. PMID: 14664664. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC10437292] [PubMed: 14664664] [CrossRef]

MacNeill AL, Dick WC. Imipramine and rheumatoid factor. J Int Med Res. 1976;4:(2 Suppl):23–7. PMID: 799987. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 799987]

Maggioni F, Ruffatti S, Dainese F, et al. Weight variations in the prophylactic therapy of primary headaches: 6-month follow-up. J Headache Pain. 2005 Sep;6(4):322–4. doi: 10.1007/s10194-005-0221-y. PMID: 2015-43744-047. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC3452015] [PubMed: 16362700] [CrossRef]

Maibach E. European experiences with tolmetin in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1976 Mar;19(3):350–62. PMID: 817865. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 817865]

Malinoski PT. Mediators and moderators of stress management and antidepressant treatment for chronic tension-type headache. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 2001 Sep;62(3-B):1587. Exclusion: 6

Mallen SR, Essex MN, Zhang R. Gastrointestinal tolerability of NSAIDs in elderly patients: a pooled analysis of 21 randomized clinical trials with celecoxib and nonselective NSAIDs. Curr Med Res Opin. 2011 Jul;27(7):1359–66. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2011.581274. PMID: 21561397. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 21561397] [CrossRef]

Maneksha S. ‘Safapryn’ and benorylate-a comparative trial of two new preparations of aspirin and paracetamol in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Curr Med Res Opin. 1973;1(9):563–8. doi: 10.1185/03007997309111722. PMID: 4591823. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 4591823] [CrossRef]

Manitpisitkul P, Flores CM, Moyer JA, et al. A multiple-dose double-blind randomized study to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and analgesic efficacy of the TRPV1 antagonist JNJ-39439335 (mavatrep). Scand J Pain. 2018;18(2):151–64. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2017-0184. PMID: 29794306. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 29794306] [CrossRef]

Manna V. Effects of piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin in the treatment of spontaneous migraine attacks and reserpine-induced headache: Putative serotoninergic involvement in antinociceptive drug activity. Adv Ther. 1998;15(2):75–84. Exclusion: 3

Marble EL. Advances in headache therapy. Drug News Perspect. 1999 Jun;12(5):316–9. Exclusion: 5

Marchand DK, Loshak H. Nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs and acute kidney injury: safety. (CADTH rapid response report: summary of abstracts). Ottawa, Canada: Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; January 12, 2019. https://www​.cadth.ca​/sites/default/files​/pdf/htis/2019/RB1299​%20NSAIDs%20and%20AKI%20Final.pdf. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 31291069]

Marchettini P, Wilhelm S, Petto H, et al. Are there different predictors of analgesic response between antidepressants and anticonvulsants in painful diabetic neuropathy? Eur J Pain. 2016 Mar;20(3):472–82. doi: 10.1002/ejp.763. PMID: 26311228. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 26311228] [CrossRef]

Marcolongo R, Giordano N, Bassi GP, et al. Double-blind preference and compliance multicentre study in osteoarthritis: once-a-day treatment. Clin Rheumatol. 1985 Sep;4(3):267–77. PMID: 3905218. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 3905218]

Marcolongo R, Rubegni M, Provvedi D, et al. A double-blind, interpatient comparison of plain and slow-release ketoprofen in osteoarthritis. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1984 Jul;22(7):377–81. PMID: 6381334. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 6381334]

Martin Arias LH, Martin Gonzalez A, Sanz Fadrique R, et al. Cardiovascular risk of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and classical and selective cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors: a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Clin Pharmacol. 2019 Jan;59(1):55–73. doi: 10.1002/jcph.1302. PMID: 30204233. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 30204233] [CrossRef]

Martinez-Lavin M, Holman KI, Smyth CJ, et al. A comparison of naproxen, indomethacin and aspirin in osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 1980 Sep-Oct;7(5):711–6. PMID: 7441660. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 7441660]

Martio J, Uuspaa V. Ketoprofen and pethidine in the treatment of post-operative pain following synovectomy. A double-blind trial on rheumatoid arthritis patients. Br J Clin Pract. 1981 Jul-Aug;35(7-8):265. PMID: 7032565. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7032565]

Mathew NT. Indomethacin responsive headache syndromes. Headache. 1981 Jul;21(4):147–50. PMID: 7021474. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 7021474]

Mathew NT. Prophylaxis of migraine and mixed headache. A randomized controlled study. Headache. 1981 May;21(3):105–9. PMID: 7021472. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7021472]

Mathew NT. Amelioration of ergotamine withdrawal symptoms with naproxen. Headache. 1987 Mar;27(3):130–3. PMID: 3298163. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 3298163]

Mathew NT, Rapoport A, Saper J, et al. Efficacy of gabapentin in migraine prophylaxis.[Expression of Concern in Headache. 2014 Apr;54(4):599-600; PMID: 24697222]. Headache. 2001 Feb;41(2):119–28. PMID: 11251695. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 11251695]

Mathieson S, Billot L, Maher CG, et al. PRECISE-pregabalin in addition to usual care: statistical analysis plan. Trials. 2016 Jan 27;17:53. doi: 10.1186/s13063-016-1174-y. PMID: 26818733. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC4730769] [PubMed: 26818733] [CrossRef]

Mathieson S, Maher CG, McLachlan AJ, et al. PRECISE - pregabalin in addition to usual care for sciatica: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2013 Jul 11;14:213. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-213. PMID: 23845078. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC3711833] [PubMed: 23845078] [CrossRef]

Matsumoto A, Melian A, Shah A, et al. Etoricoxib versus naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective, randomized, comparator-controlled 121-week trial. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007 Sep;23(9):2259–68. doi: 10.1185/030079907X219625. PMID: 17697449. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 17697449] [CrossRef]

Matthey A, Cedraschi C, Piguet V, et al. Dual reuptake inhibitor milnacipran and spinal pain pathways in fibromyalgia patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pain Physician. 2013 Sep-Oct;16(5):E553–62. PMID: 24077206. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 24077206]

Matucci Cerinic M, McCarthy G, Lombardi A, et al. Neurogenic influences in arthritis: potential modification by capsaicin. J Rheumatol. 1995 Aug;22(8):1447–9. PMID: 7473463. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 7473463]

Mavrikakis ME, MacLeod M, Buchanan WW, et al. Mefenamic acid: an under-rated antirheumatic? Curr Med Res Opin. 1977;4(8):535–9. doi: 10.1185/03007997709115267. PMID: 326491. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 326491] [CrossRef]

Max MB, Culnane M, Schafer SC, et al. Amitriptyline relieves diabetic neuropathy pain in patients with normal or depressed mood. Neurology. 1987 Apr;37(4):589–96. doi: 10.1212/wnl.37.4.589. PMID: 2436092. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 2436092] [CrossRef]

Max MB, Kishore-Kumar R, Schafer SC, et al. Efficacy of desipramine in painful diabetic neuropathy: a placebo-controlled trial. Pain. 1991 Apr;45(1):3–9; discussion 1-2. PMID: 1861872. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 1861872]

Max MB, Lynch SA, Muir J, et al. Effects of desipramine, amitriptyline, and fluoxetine on pain in diabetic neuropathy. N Engl J Med. 1992 May 7;326(19):1250–6. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199205073261904. PMID: 1560801. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 1560801] [CrossRef]

Max MB, Schafer SC, Culnane M, et al. Amitriptyline, but not lorazepam, relieves postherpetic neuralgia. Neurology. 1988 Sep;38(9):1427–32. doi: 10.1212/wnl.38.9.1427. PMID: 3412591. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 3412591] [CrossRef]

Mayo-Wilson E, Li T, Fusco N, et al. Cherry-picking by trialists and meta-analysts can drive conclusions about intervention efficacy. J Clin Epidemiol. 2017 Nov;91:95–110. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.07.014. PMID: 28842290. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 28842290] [CrossRef]

Mbuyi-Muamba JM, Dequeker J. Piroxicam versus naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Med Res Opin. 1983;8(9):612–7. doi: 10.1185/03007998309109806. PMID: 6607819. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 6607819] [CrossRef]

McCabe CJ, Akehurst RL, Kirsch J, et al. Choice of NSAID and management strategy in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The impact on costs and outcomes in the UK. Pharmacoeconomics. 1998 Aug;14(2):191–9. doi: 10.2165/00019053-199814020-00007. PMID: 10186459. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 10186459] [CrossRef]

McCleane G. 200 mg daily of lamotrigine has no analgesic effect in neuropathic pain: a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Pain. 1999 Oct;83(1):105–7. PMID: 10506679. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 10506679]

McGuinness BW, Lloyd-Jones M, Fowler PD. A double-blind comparative trial of ‘parazolidin’ and paracetamol. Br J Clin Pract. 1969 Nov;23(11):452–5. PMID: 4242567. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 4242567]

McGuire RJ, Wright V. A statistical approach to indices of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis with reference to a trial of indomethacin. Proc R Soc Med. 1971 Jun;64(6):658. PMID: 4933090. Exclusion: 5 [PMC free article: PMC1812324] [PubMed: 4933090]

McKenna F. Diclofenac/misoprostol: the European clinical experience. J Rheumatol Suppl. 1998 May;51:21–30. PMID: 9596551. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 9596551]

McKenna F, Arguelles L, Burke T, et al. Upper gastrointestinal tolerability of celecoxib compared with diclofenac in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2002 Jan-Feb;20(1):35–43. PMID: 11892706. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 11892706]

McKenna F, Weaver A, Fiechtner JJ, et al. COX-2 specific inhibitors in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee: a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study. J Clin Rheumatol. 2001 Jun;7(3):151–9. PMID: 17039120. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 17039120]

McLaughlin GE. A double-blind comparative study of piroxicam and ibuprofen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1985 Feb;14(3 Suppl 1):11–3. PMID: 3914701. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3914701]

McQuay HJ, Carroll D, Jadad AR, et al. Dextromethorphan for the treatment of neuropathic pain: a double-blind randomised controlled crossover trial with integral n-of-1 design. Pain. 1994 Oct;59(1):127–33. PMID: 7854793. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7854793]

Mease P, Arnold L, Wang F, et al. The effect of duloxetine on cognition in patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis and rheumatism [abstracts from the american college of rheumatology/association of rheumatology health professionals annual scientific meeting, ACR/ARHP. 2009;10:16–21. Exclusion: 5

Mease PJ, Clauw DJ, Trugman JM, et al. Efficacy of long-term milnacipran treatment in patients meeting different thresholds of clinically relevant pain relief: subgroup analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled withdrawal study. J Pain Res. 2014 Nov 21;7:679–87. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S70200. PMID: 25473309. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC4247140] [PubMed: 25473309] [CrossRef]

Mease PJ, Russell IJ, Kajdasz DK, et al. Long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of duloxetine in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Jun;39(6):454–64. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.11.001. PMID: 19152958. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 19152958] [CrossRef]

Mease PJ, Spaeth M, Clauw DJ, et al. Estimation of minimum clinically important difference for pain in fibromyalgia. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Jun;63(6):821–6. doi: 10.1002/acr.20449. PMID: 21312349. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 21312349] [CrossRef]

Mehlisch DR, Ardia A, Pallotta T. A controlled comparative study of ibuprofen arginate versus conventional ibuprofen in the treatment of postoperative dental pain. J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;42(8):904–11. PMID: CN-00409361. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 12162473]

Mehlisch DR, Weaver M, Fladung B. Ketoprofen, acetaminophen, and placebo in the treatment of tension headache. Headache. 1998 Sep;38(8):579–89. PMID: 11398300. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 11398300]

Mehta S, Dasarathy S, Tandon RK, et al. A prospective randomized study of the injurious effects of aspirin and naproxen on the gastroduodenal mucosa in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1992 Aug;87(8):996–1000. PMID: 1642224. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 1642224]

Meisel AD, Germain BF. The efficacy of piroxicam in comparison with sulindac in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1985 Feb;14(3 Suppl 1):7–10. PMID: 3914703. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3914703]

Melo Gomes JA, Roth SH, Zeeh J, et al. Double-blind comparison of efficacy and gastroduodenal safety of diclofenac/misoprostol, piroxicam, and naproxen in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1993 Dec;52(12):881–5. doi: 10.1136/ard.52.12.881. PMID: 8311540. Exclusion: 10 [PMC free article: PMC1005220] [PubMed: 8311540] [CrossRef]

Melton JW, 3rd, Lussier A, Ward JR, et al. Naproxen vs. aspirin in osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. J Rheumatol. 1978 Fall;5(3):338–46. PMID: 372525. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 372525]

Mena HR, Caperton EM, Loebl DH, et al. High doses of ibuprofen in rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison with aspirin. J La State Med Soc. 1977 Dec;129(12):263–7. PMID: 340601. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 340601]

Merren MD. Gabapentin for treatment of pain and tremor: a large case series. South Med J. 1998 Aug;91(8):739–44. PMID: 9715219. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 9715219]

Mett A, Tfelt-Hansen P. Acute migraine therapy: recent evidence from randomized comparative trials. Curr Opin Neurol. 2008 Jun;21(3):331–7. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0b013e3282fee843. PMID: 18451718. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 18451718] [CrossRef]

Meyer W. Combined oral and rectal administration of ketoprofen. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1979;Suppl:116. PMID: 375368. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 375368]

Meyers OL, Quantock OP, Joubert PG, et al. A multicentre trial of Voltaren in the treatment of rheumatoid Arthritis. S Afr Med J. 1974 Oct 5;48(48):2013–7. PMID: 4612752. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 4612752]

Micca JL, Ruff D, Ahl J, et al. Safety and efficacy of duloxetine treatment in older and younger patients with osteoarthritis knee pain: a post hoc, subgroup analysis of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013 Apr 17;14:137. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-137. PMID: 23590727. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC3637531] [PubMed: 23590727] [CrossRef]

Miki K, Murakami M, Oka H, et al. Efficacy of mirtazapine for the treatment of fibromyalgia without concomitant depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIa study in Japan. Pain. 2016 Sep;157(9):2089–96. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000622. PMID: 27218868. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC4988084] [PubMed: 27218868] [CrossRef]

Mikulaschek WM, Ridolfo AS. Clinical experience with fenoprofen, a new antirheumatic agent. Curr Med Res Opin. 1974;2(9):556–62. doi: 10.1185/03007997409115257. PMID: 4615887. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 4615887] [CrossRef]

Milgrom C, Finestone A, Lev B, et al. Overexertional lumbar and thoracic back pain among recruits: a prospective study of risk factors and treatment regimens. J Spinal Disord. 1993 Jun;6(3):187–93. PMID: 8347966. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 8347966]

Miller DS, Talbot CA, Simpson W, et al. A comparison of naproxen sodium, acetaminophen and placebo in the treatment of muscle contraction headache. Headache. 1987 Jul;27(7):392–6. PMID: 3308770. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 3308770]

Mills SB, Bloch M, Bruckner FE. Double-blind cross-over study of ketoprofen and ibuprofen in management of rheumatoid arthritis. Br Med J. 1973 Oct 13;4(5884):82–4. doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5884.82. PMID: 4583184. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC1587224] [PubMed: 4583184] [CrossRef]

Min K, Oh Y, Lee SH, et al. Symptom-Based Treatment of Neuropathic Pain in Spinal Cord-Injured Patients: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 May;95(5):330–8. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000382. PMID: 26368836. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 26368836] [CrossRef]

Mishra A, Singh Nar A, Bawa A, et al. Pregabalin in chronic post-thoracotomy pain. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013 Aug;7(8):1659–61. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2013/5707.3239. PMID: 24086867. Exclusion: 4 [PMC free article: PMC3782924] [PubMed: 24086867] [CrossRef]

Mishra S, Bhatnagar S, Goyal GN, et al. A comparative efficacy of amitriptyline, gabapentin, and pregabalin in neuropathic cancer pain: a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2012 May;29(3):177–82. doi: 10.1177/1049909111412539. PMID: 21745832. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 21745832] [CrossRef]

Mitchell RA, Woolf D, Murray-Leslie C, et al. Problems in assessing the possible disease-modifying effect of naproxen. Br J Clin Pract. 1987 Jan;41(1):560–5. PMID: 3311106. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3311106]

Mody S, Jolly M, Kwasny MJ, et al. Patient reported outcomes and analgesia use in osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008 Nov;16(11):1294–9. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.03.023. PMID: 18456521. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC2587259] [PubMed: 18456521] [CrossRef]

Moen MD. Topical diclofenac solution. Drugs. 2009;69(18):2621–32. doi: 10.2165/11202850-000000000-00000. PMID: 19943711. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 19943711] [CrossRef]

Mohs R, Mease P, Arnold LM, et al. The effect of duloxetine treatment on cognition in patients with fibromyalgia. Psychosom Med. 2012 Jul-Aug;74(6):628–34. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e31825b9855. PMID: 22753629. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 22753629] [CrossRef]

Molnar JP, Moxley TE. Ibuprofen (Motrin®), a double blind comparison of two dosages, 2400 MC and 3200 MG daily, for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1979;26(5):581–91. Exclusion: 2

Molony J, Pigott PV, Quill JO. A double-blind trial of a new anti-inflammatory drug in the management of osteo-arthritis of the hip-joint. J Ir Med Assoc. 1971 Nov 18;64(424):605–10. PMID: 4940697. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 4940697]

Montrone F, Caruso I, Cazzola M. Salsalate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind clinical and gastroscopic trial versus piroxicam. I. Clinical trial. J Int Med Res. 1989 Jul-Aug;17(4):316–9. doi: 10.1177/030006058901700402. PMID: 2676647. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 2676647] [CrossRef]

Moore ME. Amitriptyline or cyclobenzaprine provided short-term benefit for fibromyalgia. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121(1):10. Exclusion: 5

Moore N. Forty years of ibuprofen use. Int J Clin Pract. 2003 Apr(135):28–31. PMID: 12723744. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 12723744]

Moore N. Diclofenac potassium 12.5mg tablets for mild to moderate pain and fever: a review of its pharmacology, clinical efficacy and safety. Clin Drug Investig. 2007;27(3):163–95. doi: 10.2165/00044011-200727030-00002. PMID: 17305413. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 17305413] [CrossRef]

Moore RA, Derry S, Aldington D, et al. Amitriptyline for neuropathic pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jul 6(7):CD008242. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008242.pub3. PMID: 26146793. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC6447238] [PubMed: 26146793] [CrossRef]

Moore RA, Derry S, Aldington D, et al. Amitriptyline for fibromyalgia in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017(10):Cd011824. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011824. Exclusion: 8 [CrossRef]

Moore RA, Derry S, Makinson GT, et al. Tolerability and adverse events in clinical trials of celecoxib in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of information from company clinical trial reports. Arthritis Res Ther. 2005;7(3):R644–65. doi: 10.1186/ar1704. PMID: 15899051. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC1174947] [PubMed: 15899051] [CrossRef]

Morello CM, Leckband SG, Stoner CP, et al. Randomized double-blind study comparing the efficacy of gabapentin with amitriptyline on diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain. Arch Intern Med. 1999 Sep 13;159(16):1931–7. PMID: 10493324. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 10493324]

Morley KD, Bernstein RM, Hughes GR, et al. A comparative trial of a controlled-release formulation of ketoprofen (‘Oruvail’) and a conventional capsule formulation of ketoprofen (‘Orudis’) in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip. Curr Med Res Opin. 1984;9(1):28–34. doi: 10.1185/03007998409109555. PMID: 6723349. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 6723349] [CrossRef]

Morreale P, Manopulo R, Galati M, et al. Comparison of the antiinflammatory efficacy of chondroitin sulfate and diclofenac sodium in patients with knee osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 1996 Aug;23(8):1385–91. PMID: 8856618. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 8856618]

Moser U, Waldburger H, Schwarz HA, et al. A double-blind randomised multicentre study with tenoxicam, piroxicam and diclofenac sodium retard in the treatment of ambulant patients with osteoarthritis and extra-articular rheumatism. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1989;80:71–80. PMID: 2688081. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 2688081]

Moskowitz RW, Sunshine A, Brugger A, et al. American pain society pain questionnaire and other pain measures in the assessment of osteoarthritis pain: a pooled analysis of three celecoxib pivotal studies. Am J Ther. 2003 Jan-Feb;10(1):12–20. PMID: 12522515. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 12522515]

Mowat AM, Mowat AG, Jones CW, et al. A comparison of once and twice daily naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Clin Pract. 1984 Mar;38(3):95–8. PMID: 6370285. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 6370285]

Mucke M, Phillips T, Radbruch L, et al. Cannabis-based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Mar 7;3:CD012182. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012182.pub2. PMID: 29513392. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC6494210] [PubMed: 29513392] [CrossRef]

Muehlbacher M, Nickel MK, Kettler C, et al. Topiramate in treatment of patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin J Pain. 2006 Jul-Aug;22(6):526–31. doi: 10.1097/.ajp.0000192516.58578.a4. PMID: 16788338. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 16788338] [CrossRef]

Muller-Fassbender HH, Nagel E. Comparative study of piroxicam and indomethacin retard in osteoarthritis. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1983;6(1):106–12. PMID: 6861809. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 6861809]

Mullin GT. Sodium meclofenamate for rheumatoid arthritis: an early double-blind evaluation. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1975 Dec;18(6):785–92. PMID: 813942. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 813942]

Muncie HL, Jr. Medical aspects of the multidisciplinary assessment and management of osteoarthritis. Clin Ther. 1986;9 Suppl B:4–13. PMID: 3829096. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 3829096]

Murray WJ. Evaluation of acetaminophen-salicylamide combinations in treatment of headache. J Clin Pharmacol J New Drugs. 1967 May-Jun;7(3):150–5. PMID: 5231433. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 5231433]

Myles AB, Bacon PA, Williams KA. Mefenamic acid in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1967 Nov;26(6):494–8. doi: 10.1136/ard.26.6.494. PMID: 4294443. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC1010434] [PubMed: 4294443] [CrossRef]

Naccari C. FDA approves pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia. CNS Spectr. 2007 Jul;12(7):510. doi: 10.1017/S1092852900021234. Exclusion: 5 [CrossRef]

Nahir AM, Scharf Y. A comparative study of diclofenac and sulindac in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1980 Aug;19(3):193–8. PMID: 6997973. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 6997973]

Natelson BH, Vu D, Mao X, et al. Effect of Milnacipran Treatment on Ventricular Lactate in Fibromyalgia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Pain. 2015 Nov;16(11):1211–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.08.004. PMID: 26335989. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC4630071] [PubMed: 26335989] [CrossRef]

National Center for C, Alternative M. The NIH Glucosamine/Chondroitin Arthritis Intervention Trial (GAIT). J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2008;22(1):39–43. PMID: 19062354. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 19062354]

Nebe J, Heier M, Diener HC. Low-dose ibuprofen in self-medication of mild to moderate headache: a comparison with acetylsalicylic acid and placebo. Cephalalgia. 1995 Dec;15(6):531–5. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1995.1506531.x. PMID: 8706118. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 8706118] [CrossRef]

Nelson KA, Park KM, Robinovitz E, et al. High-dose oral dextromethorphan versus placebo in painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia. Neurology. 1997 May;48(5):1212–8. doi: 10.1212/wnl.48.5.1212. PMID: 9153445. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 9153445] [CrossRef]

Nestvold K. Naproxen and naproxen sodium in acute migraine attacks. Cephalalgia. 1986;6: Suppl 4:81–4. doi: 10.1177/03331024860060S410. PMID: 3539361. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 3539361] [CrossRef]

Neustadt DH. Double blind evaluation of the long-term effects of etodolac versus ibuprofen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol Suppl. 1997 Feb;47:17–22. PMID: 9035016. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 9035016]

Newton RE, Casten GP, Alms DR, et al. The side effect profile of buspirone in comparison to active controls and placebo. J Clin Psychiatry. 1982 Dec;43(12 Pt 2):100–2. PMID: 6130065. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 6130065]

Nicol CF. A four year double-blind study of tegretol in facial pain. Headache. 1969 Apr;9(1):54–7. PMID: 4896266. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 4896266]

Niculescu L, Li C, Huang J, et al. Pooled analysis of GI tolerability of 21 randomized controlled trials of celecoxib and nonselective NSAIDs. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009 Mar;25(3):729–40. doi: 10.1185/03007990802714382. PMID: 19210159. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 19210159] [CrossRef]

Nigam DK, Agarwal R, Pandey GS, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of ‘Norvedan-Fentiazac’ in rheumatoid arthritis: Double blind study versus ibuprofen. Clinician. 1987;51(13):443–8. Exclusion: 3

Norregaard J, Volkmann H, Danneskiold-Samsoe B. A randomized controlled trial of citalopram in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Pain. 1995 Jun;61(3):445–9. PMID: 7478688. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7478688]

Noruzzadeh R, Modabbernia A, Aghamollaii V, et al. Memantine for Prophylactic Treatment of Migraine Without Aura: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Headache. 2016 Jan;56(1):95–103. doi: 10.1111/head.12732. PMID: 26638119. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 26638119] [CrossRef]

Nugent SM, Morasco BJ, O’Neil ME, et al. The effects of cannabis among adults with chronic pain and an overview of general harms: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Sep 5;167(5):319–31. doi: 10.7326/M17-0155. PMID: 28806817. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 28806817] [CrossRef]

Nwidu LL, Eniojukan JF, Oparah AC. Patient-reported outcomes of therapy with two brands of ibuprofen. Pharmacy practice. 2008;6(7):142–7. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC4148413] [PubMed: 25177405]

Nyfos L. Controlled clinical trial of 1-(2’-methyl-2’-dimethyl amino-ethyl)-3-phenyl indole HCl (A28A) in rheumatoid arthritis compared with indomethacin (Confortid). Acta Rheumatol Scand. 1971;17(1-4):115–24. doi: 10.3109/rhe1.1971.17.issue-1-4.17. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 4931371] [CrossRef]

O’Connor TP, Anderson AM, Lennox B, et al. A novel sustained-release formulation of ibuprofen provides effective once-daily therapy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Br J Clin Pract. 1993 Jan-Feb;47(1):10–3. PMID: 8461240. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 8461240]

Odrcich M, Bailey JM, Cahill CM, et al. Chronobiological characteristics of painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia: diurnal pain variation and effects of analgesic therapy. Pain. 2006 Jan;120(1-2):207–12. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2005.10.007. PMID: 16359793. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 16359793] [CrossRef]

Oguzhanoglu A, Sahiner T, Kurt T, et al. Use of amitriptyline and fluoxetine in prophylaxis of migraine and tension-type headaches. Cephalalgia. 1999 Jun;19(5):531–2. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1999.019005531.x. PMID: 10403070. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 10403070] [CrossRef]

Okasha A, Ghaleb HA, Sadek A. A double blind trial for the clinical management of psychogenic headache. Br J Psychiatry. 1973 Feb;122(567):181–3. doi: 10.1192/bjp.122.2.181. PMID: 4577014. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 4577014] [CrossRef]

Okea R. Milnacipran (Savella) for fibromyalgia. Am Fam Physician. 2010 Oct 15;82(8):901–4. Exclusion: 5

Orbell G. Headaches and Migraine Associated with Eyestrain. Preliminary Report of a Trial of Chlordiazepoxide. Br J Ophthalmol. 1963 Apr;47:246–7. doi: 10.1136/bjo.47.4.246. PMID: 14188329. Exclusion: 4 [PMC free article: PMC505788] [PubMed: 14188329] [CrossRef]

Orozco-Alcala JJ, Barrera-Tenorio EF. Long-term treatment with tenoxicam in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1987;9(2):118–21. PMID: 3329102. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3329102]

Orozco-Alcala JJ, Barrera-Tenorio EF. A long-term, double-blind, comparative study of tenoxicam (Ro 12-0068) and piroxicam in gonarthrosis and coxarthrosis. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1987;9(2):109–13. PMID: 3329100. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3329100]

Osborn TG, Parks RL, Moore TL, et al. Diflunisal versus naproxen in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Ther. 1989 Nov-Dec;11(6):736–43. PMID: 2692819. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 2692819]

Otto M, Bach FW, Jensen TS, et al. Valproic acid has no effect on pain in polyneuropathy: a randomized, controlled trial. Neurology. 2004 Jan 27;62(2):285–8. doi: 10.1212/wnl.62.2.285. PMID: 14745070. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 14745070] [CrossRef]

Owen-Smith BD, Burry HC. Ibuprofen in the management of osteoarthrosis of the hip. Rheumatol Phys Med. 1972 May;11(6):281–6. PMID: 4556920. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 4556920]

Oyemade GA, Onadeko BO. A controlled clinical study comparing sulindac with ibuprofen and aspirin in the treatment of musculo-skeletal diseases. J Int Med Res. 1979;7(6):556–9. doi: 10.1177/030006057900700615. PMID: 160348. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 160348] [CrossRef]

Ozyalcin SN, Talu GK, Kiziltan E, et al. The efficacy and safety of venlafaxine in the prophylaxis of migraine. Headache. 2005 Feb;45(2):144–52. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.05029.x. PMID: 15705120. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 15705120] [CrossRef]

Pae CU, Masand P. Duloxetine: a new psychopharmacologic treatment option for fibromyalgia? Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2008 Jun;10(3):237–9. doi: 10.1007/s11920-008-0039-9. PMID: 18652792. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 18652792] [CrossRef]

Pae CU, Masand PS, Marks DM, et al. History of early abuse as a predictor of treatment response in patients with fibromyalgia: a post-hoc analysis of a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of paroxetine controlled release. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2009;10(4 Pt 2):435–41. doi: 10.1080/15622970902789155. PMID: 19382010. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 19382010] [CrossRef]

Pae C-U, Masand PS, Marks DM, et al. History of depressive and/or anxiety disorders as a predictor of treatment response: a post hoc analysis of a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of paroxetine controlled release in patients with fibromyalgia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2009 Aug 31;33(6):996–1002. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.05.005. PMID: 19433129. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 19433129] [CrossRef]

Paech MJ, Goy R, Chua S, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of preoperative oral pregabalin for postoperative pain relief after minor gynecological surgery. Anesth Analg. 2007 Nov;105(5):1449–53, table of contents. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000286227.13306.d7. PMID: 17959981. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 17959981] [CrossRef]

Palmer M, Highton J, Palmer DG. A comparative study of fenbufen and diclofenac in osteoarthritis. Medicine and surgery. 1988;28(1):14–5. Exclusion: 3

Palmer RH. Correction: milnacipran for treatment of fibromyalgia. Ann Pharmacother. 2011 Jun;45(6):827–8; author reply. doi: 10.1345/aph.1P218a. PMID: 21815297. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 21815297] [CrossRef]

Panerai A, Monza G, Movilia P, et al. A randomized, within-patient, cross-over, placebo-controlled trial on the efficacy and tolerability of the tricyclic antidepressants chlorimipramine and nortriptyline in central pain. Acta Neurol Scand. 1990 Jul;82(1):34–8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1990.tb01584.x. PMID: 2239134. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 2239134] [CrossRef]

Panicheeva S, Ngsriwongse S, Mokkhavesa C, et al. Original versus generic piroxicams, their cost-effective evaluation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. J Med Assoc Thai. 1992 Feb;75(2):104–9. PMID: 1645047. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 1645047]

Pappagallo M, Haldey EJ. Pharmacological management of postherpetic neuralgia. CNS Drugs. 2003;17(11):771–80. doi: 10.2165/00023210-200317110-00001. PMID: 12921490. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 12921490] [CrossRef]

Parsons B, Argoff CE, Clair A, et al. Improvement in pain severity category in clinical trials of pregabalin. J Pain Res. 2016 Oct 7;9:779–85. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S102696. PMID: 27785092. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC5063480] [PubMed: 27785092] [CrossRef]

Parsons B, Fujii K, Nozawa K, et al. The efficacy of pregabalin for the treatment of neuropathic pain in Japanese subjects with moderate or severe baseline pain. J Pain Res. 2019 Mar 22;12:1061–8. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S181729. PMID: 30962707. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC6434920] [PubMed: 30962707] [CrossRef]

Patel BR. A comparative study of subsyde-CR versus meloxicam in rheumatic disorders. J Indian Med Assoc. 2000 May;98(5):250–2. PMID: 11002624. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 11002624]

Pathy MS. Osteoarthritis and non-steroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs: a multi-centre comparative study. Curr Med Res Opin. 1982;7:(Suppl 1):41–52. PMID: 7105795. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 7105795]

Patkar AA, Masand PS, Krulewicz S, et al. A randomized, controlled, trial of controlled release paroxetine in fibromyalgia. Am J Med. 2007 May;120(5):448–54. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.06.006. PMID: 17466657. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 17466657] [CrossRef]

Pauer L, Atkinson G, Murphy TK, et al. Long-term maintenance of response across multiple fibromyalgia symptom domains in a randomized withdrawal study of pregabalin. Clin J Pain. 2012 Sep;28(7):609–14. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31823dd315. PMID: 22688598. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 22688598] [CrossRef]

Paulus HE, Di Primeo D, Sharp JT, et al. Patient retention and hand-wrist radiograph progression of rheumatoid arthritis during a 3-year prospective study that prohibited disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. J Rheumatol. 2004 Mar;31(3):470–81. PMID: 14994390. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 14994390]

Pavelka K, Recker DP, Verburg KM. Valdecoxib is as effective as diclofenac in the management of rheumatoid arthritis with a lower incidence of gastroduodenal ulcers: results of a 26-week trial. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2003 Oct;42(10):1207–15. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keg359. PMID: 12810937. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 12810937] [CrossRef]

Pavelka K, Sr., Trnavsky K. Pharmacotherapy of osteoarthritis with particular reference to night pain (double blind trial of pirprofen and piroxicam). Z Rheumatol. 1986 Mar-Apr;45(2):87–9. PMID: 3524067. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3524067]

Paymaster NJ. Lorazepam (WY 4036) as a pre-operative medication. Anaesthesia. 1973;28(5):521–6. PMID: 4580513. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 4580513]

Pearce I, Frank GJ, Pearce JM. Ibuprofen compared with paracetamol in migraine. Practitioner. 1983 Mar;227(1377):465–7. PMID: 6351046. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 6351046]

Peatfield RC, Petty RG, Rose FC. Double blind comparison of mefenamic acid and acetaminophen (paracetamol) in migraine. Cephalalgia. 1983 Jun;3(2):129–34. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1983.0302129.x. PMID: 6347393. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 6347393] [CrossRef]

Pelletier JP, Raynauld JP, Beaulieu AD, et al. Chondroitin sulfate efficacy versus celecoxib on knee osteoarthritis structural changes using magnetic resonance imaging: a 2-year multicentre exploratory study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2016 Nov 3;18(1):256. doi: 10.1186/s13075-016-1149-0. PMID: 27809891. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC5094139] [PubMed: 27809891] [CrossRef]

Peniston JH, Gold MS, Alwine LK. An open-label, long-term safety and tolerability trial of diclofenac sodium 1% gel in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Phys Sportsmed. 2011 Sep;39(3):31–8. doi: 10.3810/psm.2011.09.1918. PMID: 22030938. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 22030938] [CrossRef]

Peniston JH, Gold MS, Wieman MS, et al. Tolerability of diclofenac sodium 1% gel with concomitant medications known to interact with diclofenac. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2013;9(1):153–9. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S41931. PMID: 23620668. Exclusion: 2 [PMC free article: PMC3633539] [PubMed: 23620668] [CrossRef]

Perez HE, Sanchez GF. Gabapentin therapy for diabetic neuropathic pain. Am J Med. 2000 Jun 01;108(8):689. PMID: 10896633. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 10896633]

Perlin E, Finke H, Castro O, et al. Enhancement of pain control with ketorolac tromethamine in patients with sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis. Am J Hematol. 1994 May;46(1):43–7. PMID: 7514356. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7514356]

Perloff MD, Berlin RK, Gillette M, et al. Gabapentin in headache disorders: what is the evidence? Pain Med. 2016 Jan;17(1):162–71. doi: 10.1111/pme.12931. PMID: 26398728. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 26398728] [CrossRef]

Perolo A, Calabi V. Report on a double-blind, proctoscopic and clinical comparison of flurbiprofen suppositories and indomethacin suppositories, in osteoarthrosis. Panminerva Med. 1979 Oct-Dec;21(4):181–9. PMID: 400181. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 400181]

Perpignano G, Bogliolo A, Puccetti L. Double-blind comparison of the efficacy and safety of etodolac SR 600 mg u.i.d. and of tenoxicam 20 mg u.i.d. in elderly patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and of the knee. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1994;14(5-6):203–16. PMID: 7672877. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 7672877]

Perras C. Sativex for the management of multiple sclerosis symptoms. Issues Emerg Health Technol. 2005 Sep(72):1–4. PMID: 16317825. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 16317825]

Persson LI, Ben-Menachem E, Bengtsson E, et al. Differences in side effects between a conventional carbamazepine preparation and a slow-release preparation of carbamazepine. Epilepsy Res. 1990 Jul;6(2):134–40. PMID: 2201541. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 2201541]

Peters BH, Fraim CJ, Masel BE. Comparison of 650 mg aspirin and 1,000 mg acetaminophen with each other, and with placebo in moderately severe headache. Am J Med. 1983 Jun 14;74(6A):36–42. PMID: 6344625. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 6344625]

Petersen LJ, Lyngholm AM, Arendt-Nielsen L. A novel model of inflammatory pain in human skin involving topical application of sodium lauryl sulfate. Inflammation Research. 2010 Sep;59(9):775–81. doi: 10.1007/s00011-010-0189-1. PMID: 20358390. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 20358390] [CrossRef]

Petersen SG, Beyer N, Hansen M, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug or glucosamine reduced pain and improved muscle strength with resistance training in a randomized controlled trial of knee osteoarthritis patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011 Aug;92(8):1185–93. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.03.009. PMID: 21807137. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 21807137] [CrossRef]

Petersen SG, Saxne T, Heinegard D, et al. Glucosamine but not ibuprofen alters cartilage turnover in osteoarthritis patients in response to physical training. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2010 Jan;18(1):34–40. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.07.004. PMID: 19679221. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 19679221] [CrossRef]

Petrella RJ, DiSilvestro MD, Hildebrand C. Effects of hyaluronate sodium on pain and physical functioning in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Feb 11;162(3):292–8. PMID: 11822921. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 11822921]

Petzke F, Jensen KB, Kosek E, et al. Using fMRI to evaluate the effects of milnacipran on central pain processing in patients with fibromyalgia. Scand J Pain. 2013;4(2):65–74. doi: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2012.10.002. PMID: 29913906. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 29913906] [CrossRef]

Pfeifer MA, Ross DR, Schrage JP, et al. A highly successful and novel model for treatment of chronic painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Care. 1993 Aug;16(8):1103–15. doi: 10.2337/diacare.16.8.1103. PMID: 8375240. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 8375240] [CrossRef]

Pfizer. A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Pregabalin and Amitriptyline for Treatment of Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. PhRMA Web Synopsis. 2007;Protocol 1008-040. Exclusion: 9

Pfizer. An 8 Week Multi-Center, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Pregabalin (150mg-600mg/Day) Using A Flexible Dosing Schedule in the Treatment of Subjects with Symptoms of Neuropathic Pain. PhRMA Web Synopsis. 2008;Protocol A0081081 NCT00301223. Exclusion: 9

Pheasant H, Bursk A, Goldfarb J, et al. Amitriptyline and chronic low-back pain. A randomized double-blind crossover study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1983 Jul-Aug;8(5):552–7. PMID: 6228015. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 6228015]

Philip J, Joseph PP, Das KV. Anti-rheumatic efficacy of naproxen. J Assoc Physicians India. 1982 Sep;30(9):593–6. PMID: 6764215. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 6764215]

Pi ZB, Lin H, He GD, et al. Randomized and controlled prospective trials of Ultrasound-guided spinal nerve posterior ramus pulsed radiofrequency treatment for lower back post-herpetic neuralgia. Clin Ter. 2015;166(5):e301–5. doi: 10.7417/T.2015.1882. PMID: 26550813. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 26550813] [CrossRef]

Pickering G, Macian N, Delage N, et al. Milnacipran poorly modulates pain in patients suffering from fibromyalgia: A randomized double-blind controlled study. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018;12:2485–96. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S162810. PMID: 30127596. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC6089099] [PubMed: 30127596] [CrossRef]

Pinals RS, Frank S. Relative efficacy of indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 1967 Mar 2;276(9):512–4. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196703022760906. PMID: 5335042. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 5335042] [CrossRef]

Pincus T, Koch G, Lei H, et al. Patient Preference for Placebo, Acetaminophen (paracetamol) or Celecoxib Efficacy Studies (PACES): two randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover clinical trials in patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Aug;63(8):931–9. doi: 10.1136/ard.2003.020313. PMID: 15082468. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC1755088] [PubMed: 15082468] [CrossRef]

Pincus T, Koch G, Lei H, et al. Patient preference for Placebo, Acetaminophen (paracetamol) or Celecoxib Efficacy Studies (PACES): two randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover clinical trials in patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis.[see comment]. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Aug;63(8):931–9. PMID: 15082468. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC1755088] [PubMed: 15082468]

Porzio F, Schattenkirchner M. Double-blind comparison of etodolac sustained-release tablets and diclofenac sustained-release tablets in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: An interim report. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1993 Feb;53(2):144–53. doi: 10.1016/S0011-393X%2805%2980239-5. Exclusion: 9 [CrossRef]

Pota V, Barbarisi M, Sansone P, et al. Combination therapy with transdermal buprenorphine and pregabalin for chronic low back pain. Pain manag. 2012;2(1):23–31. doi: 10.2217/pmt.11.71. PMID: 24654615. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 24654615] [CrossRef]

Pownall R, Pickvance NJ. Does treatment timing matter?-A double blind crossover study of ibuprofen 2400 mg per day in different dosage schedules in treatment of chronic low back pain. Br J Clin Pract. 1985 Jul;39(7):267–75. PMID: 3161532. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3161532]

Pownall R, Pickvance NJ. The optimum interval between flurbiprofen doses-scheduling for circadian rhythms in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Clin Pract. 1987 Apr;41(4):689–93. PMID: 3689648. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 3689648]

Prabhu VV. A comparative clinical trial evaluating efficacy and safety of fixed dose combination of nimesulide (100 mg) and racemethionine (50 mg) (namsafe) versus reference drug (nimesulide) and other NSAIDs in the treatment of osteoarthritis. J Indian Med Assoc. 2008 Jun;106(6):402–4. PMID: 18839654. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 18839654]

Pritchett YL, McCarberg BH, Watkin JG, et al. Duloxetine for the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain: response profile. Pain Med. 2007 Jul-Aug;8(5):397–409. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00305.x. PMID: 17661853. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 17661853] [CrossRef]

Proft F, Muche B, Listing J, et al. Study protocol: COmparison of the effect of treatment with Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs added to anti-tumour necrosis factor a therapy versus anti-tumour necrosis factor a therapy alone on progression of StrUctural damage in the spine over two years in patients with ankyLosing spondylitis (CONSUL) - an open-label randomized controlled multicenter trial. BMJ Open. 2017 Jun 10;7(6):e014591. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014591. PMID: 28601821. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC5623356] [PubMed: 28601821] [CrossRef]

Provenza JR, Shinjo SK, Silva JM, et al. Combined glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, once or three times daily, provides clinically relevant analgesia in knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2015 Aug;34(8):1455–62. doi: 10.1007/s10067-014-2757-1. PMID: 25085275. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 25085275] [CrossRef]

Puiu T, Kairys AE, Pauer L, et al. Association of alterations in gray matter volume with reduced evoked-pain connectivity following short-term administration of pregabalin in patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis rheumatol. 2016 Jun;68(6):1511–21. doi: 10.1002/art.39600. PMID: 26816332. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC5530584] [PubMed: 26816332] [CrossRef]

Pujalte J, Valdez E, De La Paz R. Clinical comparison of the analgesic efficacy of suprofen and mefenamic acid in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1984;36(2):245–52. Exclusion: 3

Quimby LG, Gratwick GM, Whitney CD, et al. A randomized trial of cyclobenzaprine for the treatment of fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol Suppl. 1989 Nov;19:140–3. PMID: 2481741. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 2481741]

Rad RE, Ghaffari F, Fotokian Z, et al. The effectiveness of ibuprofen and lorazepam combination therapy in treating the symptoms of acute Migraine: A randomized clinical trial. Electronic Physician [Electronic Resource]. 2017 Mar 25;9(3):3912–7. doi: 10.19082/3912. PMID: 28461864. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC5407222] [PubMed: 28461864] [CrossRef]

Ragan C, Batchelor WH, Baum J, et al. A three-month trial of indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis, with special reference to analysis and inference. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1967 Jan-Feb;8(1):11–37. doi: 10.1002/cpt196781part111. PMID: 5334081. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 5334081] [CrossRef]

Raja SN, Haythornthwaite JA, Pappagallo M, et al. Opioids versus antidepressants in postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology. 2002 Oct 8;59(7):1015–21. doi: 10.1212/wnl.59.7.1015. PMID: 12370455. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 12370455] [CrossRef]

Ramzy EA. Comparative Efficacy of Newer Antidepressants in Combination with Pregabalin for Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Controlled, Randomized Study. Pain pract. 2017 Jan;17(1):32–40. doi: 10.1111/papr.12409. PMID: 26892006. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 26892006] [CrossRef]

Rao RD, Flynn PJ, Sloan JA, et al. Efficacy of lamotrigine in the management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, N01C3. Cancer. 2008 Jun 15;112(12):2802–8. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23482. PMID: 18428211. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 18428211] [CrossRef]

Rao RD, Michalak JC, Sloan JA, et al. Efficacy of gabapentin in the management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial (N00C3). Cancer. 2007 Nov 1;110(9):2110–8. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23008. PMID: 17853395. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 17853395] [CrossRef]

Rapoport AM. New acute treatments for headache. Neurol Sci. 2010 Jun;31: Suppl 1:S129–32. doi: 10.1007/s10072-010-0304-7. PMID: 20464603. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC2869016] [PubMed: 20464603] [CrossRef]

Raskin J, Smith TR, Wong K, et al. Duloxetine versus routine care in the long-term management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. J Palliat Med. 2006 Feb;9(1):29–40. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2006.9.29. PMID: 16430342. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 16430342] [CrossRef]

Raskin J, Wang F, Pritchett YL, et al. Duloxetine for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain: a 6-month open-label safety study. Pain Med. 2006 Sep-Oct;7(5):373–85. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2006.00207.x. PMID: 17014595. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 17014595] [CrossRef]

Raskin J, White R, jackson J, et al. Misoprostol dosage in the prevention of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastric and duodenal ulcers: A comparison of three regimens. Ann Intern Med. 1995 Sep 1;123(5):344–50. PMID: 7625622. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7625622]

Raskin J, White R, Jaszewski R, et al. Misoprostol and rantidine in the prevention of NSAID-induced ulcers: a prospective, double-blind, multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996 Feb;91(2):223–7. PMID: 8607484. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 8607484]

Raskin P, Donofrio PD, Rosenthal NR, et al. Topiramate vs placebo in painful diabetic neuropathy: analgesic and metabolic effects. Neurology. 2004 Sep 14;63(5):865–73. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000137341.89781.14. PMID: 15365138. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 15365138] [CrossRef]

Raskin P, Huffman C, Toth C, et al. Pregabalin in patients with inadequately treated painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A randomized withdrawal trial. Clin J Pain. 2014 May;30(5):379–90. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31829ea1a1. PMID: 23887339. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 23887339] [CrossRef]

Raskin P, Huffman C, Yurkewicz L, et al. Pregabalin in patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy using an NSAID for other pain conditions: A double-blind crossover study. Clin J Pain. 2016 Mar;32(3):203–10. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000254. PMID: 25968451. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 25968451] [CrossRef]

Rasmussen P, Riishede J. Facial pain treated with carbamazepin (Tegretol). Acta Neurol Scand. 1970;46(4):385–408. PMID: 4994082. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 4994082]

Rauck RL, Shaibani A, Biton V, et al. Lacosamide in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a phase 2 double-blind placebo-controlled study. Clin J Pain. 2007 Feb;23(2):150–8. doi: 10.1097/01.ajp.0000210957.39621.b2. PMID: 17237664. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 17237664] [CrossRef]

Reginster JY, Malmstrom K, Mehta A, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of etoricoxib compared with naproxen in two, 138-week randomised studies of patients with osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007 Jul;66(7):945–51. doi: 10.1136/ard.2006.059162. PMID: 17142385. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC1955093] [PubMed: 17142385] [CrossRef]

Rejholec V, Vitulova V, Vachtenheim J. Preliminary observations from a double blind crossover study to evaluate the efficacy of flurbiprofen given at different times of day in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Annu Rev Chronopharmacol. 1984;1:357–60. Exclusion: 6

Revill P, Bolós J, Serradell N, et al. Gabapentin enacarbil. Treatment of restless legs syndrome, treatment of postherpetic neuralgia, treatment of neuropathic pain. Drugs of the Future. 2006;31(9):771–7. doi: 10.1358/dof.2006.031.09.1034212. Exclusion: 3 [CrossRef]

Reynolds PM, Whorwell PJ. A single-blind crossover comparison of fenoprofen, ibuprofen and naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Med Res Opin. 1974;2(8):461–4. doi: 10.1185/03007997409115243. PMID: 4614951. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 4614951] [CrossRef]

Reynolds WJ, Moldofsky H, Saskin P, et al. The effects of cyclobenzaprine on sleep physiology and symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 1991 Mar;18(3):452–4. PMID: 1856814. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 1856814]

Rhymer AR, Hart CB, Daurio C. A double-blind trial comparing indomethacin sustained release capsules (Indocid-R) with indomethacin capsules in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1982 May;21(2):101–6. PMID: 7043710. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 7043710]

Rhymer AR, Sromovsky JA, Dicenta C, et al. ‘Osmosin’: a multi-centre evaluation of a technological advance in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Curr Med Res Opin. 1983;8: Suppl 2:62–71. doi: 10.1185/03007998309109825. PMID: 6342963. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 6342963] [CrossRef]

Rice AS, Maton S, Postherpetic Neuralgia Study G. Gabapentin in postherpetic neuralgia: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study. Pain. 2001 Nov;94(2):215–24. PMID: 11690735. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 11690735]

Rice DM. Comparison of diflunisal and piroxicam in the management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Ther. 1987;10(1):92–7. PMID: 3329968. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3329968]

Richards AM, Burry HC, Treadwell BL, et al. Nabumetone, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug: a comparison with naproxen. N Z Med J. 1983 Dec 14;96(745):1015–6. PMID: 6361628. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 6361628]

Richards JS, Bombardier CH, Wilson CS, et al. Efficacy of venlafaxine XR for the treatment of pain in patients with spinal cord injury and major depression: a randomized, controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015 Apr;96(4):680–9. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.11.024. PMID: 25527253. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 25527253] [CrossRef]

Richter RW, Portenoy R, Sharma U, et al. Relief of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy with pregabalin: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Pain. 2005 Apr;6(4):253–60. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2004.12.007. PMID: 15820913. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 15820913] [CrossRef]

Rintala DH, Fiess RN, Tan G, et al. Effect of dronabinol on central neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury: a pilot study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2010 Oct;89(10):840–8. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181f1c4ec. PMID: 20855984. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 20855984] [CrossRef]

Rintala DH, Holmes SA, Courtade D, et al. Comparison of the effectiveness of amitriptyline and gabapentin on chronic neuropathic pain in persons with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007 Dec;88(12):1547–60. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.07.038. PMID: 18047869. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 18047869] [CrossRef]

Rintala DH, Holmes SA, Courtade D, et al. Comparison of the effectiveness of amitriptyline and gabapentin on chronic neuropathic pain in persons with spinal cord injury.[Erratum appears in Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Jun;89(6):1206]. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007 Dec;88(12):1547–60. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.07.038. PMID: 18047869. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 18047869] [CrossRef]

Rizzi B, Lodigiani F, Terni E, et al. A double-blind, proctoscopic and clinical comparison of flurbiprofen suppositories and ibuprofen suppositories in osteoarthrosis. Panminerva Med. 1979 Oct-Dec;21(4):173–80. PMID: 400180. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 400180]

Robinson H, Abruzzo JL, Miyara A, et al. Concomitant tolmetin and aspirin therapy for rheumatoid arthritis; 1975. Exclusion: 3

Robinson LR, Czerniecki JM, Ehde DM, et al. Trial of amitriptyline for relief of pain in amputees: results of a randomized controlled study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Jan;85(1):1–6. PMID: 14970960. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 14970960]

Robinson M, Griffin J, Bowers J. Effect of ranitidine on gastroduodenal mucosal damage induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. Dig Dis Sci. 1989 Mar;34(3):424–8. doi: 10.1007/BF01536266. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 2646087] [CrossRef]

Robinson M, Mills R, Euler A. Ranitidine prevents duodenal ulcers associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1991 Apr;5(2):143–50. PMID: 1832313. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 1832313]

Rocco M, Rada G. Are cannabinoids effective for fibromyalgia? Medwave. 2018 Feb 14;18(1):e7154. doi: 10.5867/medwave.2018.01.7153. PMID: 29474351. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 29474351] [CrossRef]

Rogind H, Bliddal H, Klokker D, et al.: a prospective, randomised, double-blind, controlled multicentre study. Clin Drug Invest. 1997;13(2):66–75. doi: 10.2165/00044011-199713020-00002. PMID: 18370453. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 18370453] [CrossRef]

Rolan P. Potential drug interactions with the novel antimigraine compound zolmitriptan (Zomig, 311C90). Cephalalgia. 1997 Oct;17: Suppl 18:21–7. doi: 10.1177/0333102497017S1804. PMID: 9399014. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 9399014] [CrossRef]

Romberg O. Tenoxicam (Ro 12-0068) in ankylosing spondylitis. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1987;9(2):122–5. PMID: 3329103. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 3329103]

Rompel H, Bauermeister PW. Aetiology of migraine and prevention with carbamazepine (Tegretol): results of a double-blind, cross-over study. S Afr Med J. 1970 Jan 24;44(4):75–80. PMID: 4905910. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 4905910]

Rooney PJ, Capell HA, Paterson S, et al. Continued use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: an index of clinical efficacy. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1978 May;5(5):453–5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1978.tb01654.x. PMID: 350250. Exclusion: 2 [PMC free article: PMC1429346] [PubMed: 350250] [CrossRef]

Rosenberg K. Melatonin: Safe And Effective for the Prevention of Migraine Headache. Am J Nurs. 2016 Sep;116(9):69. doi: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000494704.01488.c1. PMID: 27560348. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 27560348] [CrossRef]

Rosenstock J, Tuchman M, LaMoreaux L, et al. Pregabalin for the treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pain. 2004 Aug;110(3):628–38. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2004.05.001. PMID: 15288403. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 15288403] [CrossRef]

Rossi S, Mataluni G, Codeca C, et al. Effects of levetiracetam on chronic pain in multiple sclerosis: results of a pilot, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Neurol. 2009 Mar;16(3):360–6. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02496.x. PMID: 19364364. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 19364364] [CrossRef]

Roth S, Bennett R, Caldron P, et al. Reduced risk of NSAID gastropathy (GI mucosal toxicity) with nonacetylated salicylate (salsalate): an endoscopic study. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Feb;19(4 Suppl 2):11–9. PMID: 2181673. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 2181673]

Roth SH. A comparison of benoxaprofen and sulindac in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1982;5(2):258–69. PMID: 7044801. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7044801]

Roth SH. New understandings of NSAID gastropathy. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1989;78:24–9; discussion 30-2. PMID: 2660252. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 2660252]

Roth SH, Englund DW, Harris BK, et al. Tolmetin with acetaminophen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; 1975. Exclusion: 3

Roth T, Bhadra-Brown P, Pitman VW, et al. Pregabalin improves fibromyalgia-related sleep disturbance. Clin J Pain. 2016 Apr;32(4):308–12. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000262. PMID: 26035523. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 26035523] [CrossRef]

Rother M, Lavins BJ, Kneer W, et al. Efficacy and safety of epicutaneous ketoprofen in Transfersome (IDEA-033) versus oral celecoxib and placebo in osteoarthritis of the knee: multicentre randomised controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007 Sep;66(9):1178–83. doi: 10.1136/ard.2006.065128. PMID: 17363401. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC1955127] [PubMed: 17363401] [CrossRef]

Rowbotham M, Harden N, Stacey B, et al. Gabapentin for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998 Dec 2;280(21):1837–42. PMID: 9846778. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 9846778]

Rowbotham MC, Goli V, Kunz NR, et al. Venlafaxine extended release in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.[erratum appears in Pain. 2005 Jan;113(1-2):248]. Pain. 2004 Aug;110(3):697–706. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2004.05.010. PMID: 15288411. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 15288411] [CrossRef]

Royer GL, Jr., Moxley TE, Hearron MS, et al. A six-month double-blind trial of ibuprofen and indomethacin in osteoarthritis. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1975 Mar;17(3):234–48. PMID: 805018. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 805018]

Royer GL, Moxley TE, Hearron MS, et al. A long-term double-blind clinical trial of ibuprofen and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis. J Int Med Res. 1975;3(3):158–71. doi: 10.1177/030006057500300304. PMID: 162672. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 162672] [CrossRef]

Rubinstein J, Sidi A. Long-term study with tenoxicam (Ro 12-0068) in the treatment of gonarthrosis and coxarthrosis. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1987;9(2):126–8. PMID: 3329104. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3329104]

Rudge SR, Lloyd-Jones JK, Hind ID. Interaction between flurbiprofen and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1982 Mar;13(3):448–51. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb01401.x. PMID: 7037032. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC1402125] [PubMed: 7037032] [CrossRef]

Rull JA, Quibrera R, Gonzalez-Millan H, et al. Symptomatic treatment of peripheral diabetic neuropathy with carbamazepine (Tegretol): double blind crossover trial. Diabetologia. 1969 Aug;5(4):215–8. PMID: 4902717. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 4902717]

Russell AS, Labelle JL. A double-blind crossover study of ketoprofen enteric-coated and ketoprofen non-enteric-coated tablets in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1983;33(2):185–91. Exclusion: 9

Russell IJ, Crofford LJ, Leon T, et al. The effects of pregabalin on sleep disturbance symptoms among individuals with fibromyalgia syndrome. Sleep Med. 2009 Jun;10(6):604–10. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2009.01.009. PMID: 19410509. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 19410509] [CrossRef]

Russell IJ, Fletcher EM, Michalek JE, et al. Treatment of primary fibrositis/fibromyalgia syndrome with ibuprofen and alprazolam. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum. 1991 May;34(5):552–60. PMID: 2025309. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 2025309]

Russell IJ, Perkins AT, Michalek JE, et al. Sodium oxybate relieves pain and improves function in fibromyalgia syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Jan;60(1):299–309. doi: 10.1002/art.24142. PMID: 19116896. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 19116896] [CrossRef]

Russell J, Kamin M, Bennett RM, et al. Efficacy of tramadol in treatment of pain in fibromyalgia. J Clin Rheumatol. 2000 Oct;6(5):250–7. PMID: 19078481. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 19078481]

Russell MD, Barrick TR, Howe FA, et al. Reduced anterior cingulate grey matter volume in painful hand osteoarthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2018 Aug;38(8):1429–35. doi: 10.1007/s00296-018-4085-2. PMID: 29936571. Exclusion: 2 [PMC free article: PMC6060828] [PubMed: 29936571] [CrossRef]

Saag K, van der Heijde D, Fisher C, et al. Rofecoxib, a new cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, shows sustained efficacy, comparable with other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a 6-week and a 1-year trial in patients with osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Studies Group. Arch Fam Med. 2000 Nov-Dec;9(10):1124–34. PMID: 11115219. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 11115219]

Sabatowski R, Galvez R, Cherry DA, et al. Pregabalin reduces pain and improves sleep and mood disturbances in patients with post-herpetic neuralgia: results of a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Pain. 2004 May;109(1-2):26–35. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2004.01.001. PMID: 15082123. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 15082123] [CrossRef]

Sacks S. Diclophenac sodium in rheumatoid arthritis and osteo-arthritis. S Afr Med J. 1974 Feb 9;48(6):213–5. PMID: 4592319. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 4592319]

Sadosky A, Parsons B, Emir B, et al. Pain relief and functional improvement in patients with neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury: an exploratory analysis of pregabalin clinical trials. J Pain Res. 2016 Jun 15;9:405–16. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S97770. PMID: 27366103. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC4913987] [PubMed: 27366103] [CrossRef]

Saggioro A, Alvisi V, Blasi A, et al. Misoprostol prevents NSAID-induced gastrodudenal lesions in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (published erratum appears in Ital J Gastroenterol 1991 Jun:23(5):273). Ital J Gastroenterol. 1991 Mar-Apr;23(3):119–23. PMID: 1742504. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 1742504]

Saldana MT, Perez C, Navarro A, et al. Pain alleviation and patient-reported health outcomes following switching to pregabalin in individuals with gabapentin-refractory neuropathic pain in routine medical practice. Clin Drug Investig. 2012 Jun 1;32(6):401–12. doi: 10.2165/11599400-000000000-00000. PMID: 22480279. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 22480279] [CrossRef]

Salinas FA, Lugo LH, Garcia HI. Efficacy of early treatment with carbamazepine in prevention of neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 Dec;91(12):1020–7. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3182643c85. PMID: 22854901. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 22854901] [CrossRef]

Sampalis JS, Brownell LA. A randomized, double blind, placebo and active comparator controlled pilot study of UP446, a novel dual pathway inhibitor anti-inflammatory agent of botanical origin. Nutr J. 2012 Apr 5;11:21. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-21. PMID: 22480204. Exclusion: 2 [PMC free article: PMC3352039] [PubMed: 22480204] [CrossRef]

Sances G, Martignoni E, Fioroni L, et al. Naproxen sodium in menstrual migraine prophylaxis: a double-blind placebo controlled study. Headache. 1990 Nov;30(11):705–9. PMID: 2074162. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 2074162]

Sandelin J, Harilainen A, Crone H, et al. Local NSAID gel (eltenac) in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. A double blind study comparing eltenac with oral diclofenac and placebo gel. Scand J Rheumatol. 1997;26(4):287–92. PMID: 9310109. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 9310109]

Sanders D, Krause K, O’Muircheartaigh J, et al. Pharmacologic modulation of hand pain in osteoarthritis: a double-blind placebo-controlled functional magnetic resonance imaging study using naproxen. Arthritis rheumatol. 2015 Mar;67(3):741–51. doi: 10.1002/art.38987. PMID: 25533872. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC4365729] [PubMed: 25533872] [CrossRef]

Sandrini G, Cerbo R, Del Bene E, et al. Efficacy of dosing and re-dosing of two oral fixed combinations of indomethacin, prochlorperazine and caffeine compared with oral sumatriptan in the acute treatment of multiple migraine attacks: a double-blind, double-dummy, randomised, parallel group, multicentre study. Int J Clin Pract. 2007 Aug;61(8):1256–69. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01458.x. PMID: 17627707. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC1974802] [PubMed: 17627707] [CrossRef]

Sands GH, Brown PB, Essex MN. The efficacy of continuous versus intermittent celecoxib treatment in osteoarthritis patients with body mass index >30 and <30 kg/m2. Open Rheumatol J. 2013 Jul 12;7:32–7. doi: 10.2174/1874312901307010032. PMID: 23919092. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC3731795] [PubMed: 23919092] [CrossRef]

Sang CN, Booher S, Gilron I, et al. Dextromethorphan and memantine in painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia: efficacy and dose-response trials. Anesthesiology. 2002 May;96(5):1053–61. PMID: 11981142. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 11981142]

Sankar V, Oommen AE, Thomas A, et al. Efficacy, safety and cost effectiveness of amitriptyline and pregabalin in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017;79(4):646–50. doi: 10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000274. Exclusion: 6 [CrossRef]

Santandrea S, Montrone F, Sarzi-Puttini P, et al. A double-blind crossover study of two cyclobenzaprine regimens in primary fibromyalgia syndrome. J Int Med Res. 1993 Mar-Apr;21(2):74–80. doi: 10.1177/030006059302100202. PMID: 8243792. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 8243792] [CrossRef]

Saper JR, Lake AE, Cantrell DT, et al. Chronic daily headache prophylaxis with tizanidine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter outcome study. Headache. 2002 Jun;42(6):470–82. PMID: 12167135. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 12167135]

Saragiotto BT, Machado GC, Ferreira ML, et al. Paracetamol for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jun 7(6):CD012230. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012230. PMID: 27271789. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC6353046] [PubMed: 27271789] [CrossRef]

Sargent JD, Peters K, Goldstein J, et al. Naproxen sodium for muscle contraction headache treatment. Headache. 1988 Apr;28(3):180–2. PMID: 3290156. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 3290156]

Satoh J, Yagihashi S, Baba M, et al. Efficacy and safety evaluation of pregabalin treatment over 52weeks in patients with diabetic neuropathic pain extended after a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Diabetes Investig. 2011 Nov 30;2(6):457–63. doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2011.00122.x. PMID: 24843530. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC4014905] [PubMed: 24843530] [CrossRef]

Saxe PA, Arnold LM, Palmer RH, et al. Short-term (2-week) effects of discontinuing milnacipran in patients with fibromyalgia. Curr Med Res Opin. 2012 May;28(5):815–21. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2012.677418. PMID: 22429066. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 22429066] [CrossRef]

Saxena RP, Saxena U. A comparative trial of ketoprofen and ibuprofen in patients with rheumatic disease. Curr Med Res Opin. 1978;5(6):484–8. doi: 10.1185/03007997809111919. PMID: 350500. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 350500] [CrossRef]

Schachtel BP, Thoden WR. Onset of action of ibuprofen in the treatment of muscle-contraction headache. Headache. 1988 Aug;28(7):471–4. PMID: 3072316. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 3072316]

Scharf MB, Baumann M, Berkowitz DV. The effects of sodium oxybate on clinical symptoms and sleep patterns in patients with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 2003 May;30(5):1070–4. PMID: 12734908. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 12734908]

Scharf Y, Nahir M, Schapira D, et al. A comparative study of naproxen with diclofenac sodium in osteoarthrosis of the knees. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1982 Aug;21(3):167–70. PMID: 7048497. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 7048497]

Schattenkirchner M. Double-blind comparison of etodolac and piroxicam in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Med Res Opin. 1991;12(8):497–506. doi: 10.1185/03007999109111660. PMID: 1837260. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 1837260] [CrossRef]

Scheiman JM, Behler EM, Berardi RR, et al. Salicylsalicylic acid causes less gastroduodenal mucosal damage than enteric-coated aspirin. An endoscopic comparison. Dig Dis Sci. 1989 Feb;34(2):229–32. PMID: 2914543. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 2914543]

Scheiman JM, Yeomans ND, Talley NJ, et al. Prevention of ulcers by esomeprazole in at-risk patients using non-selective NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006 Apr;101(4):701–10. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00499.x. PMID: 16494585. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 16494585] [CrossRef]

Schiff MH. A comparison of naprelan and naprosyn in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 1996 Sep;25:(9 Suppl):14–20. PMID: 8886213. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 8886213]

Schmitt W, Walter K, Kurth HJ. Clinical trial on the efficacy and safety of different diclofenac formulations: multiple-unit formulations compared to enteric coated tablets in patients with activated osteoarthritis. Inflammopharmacology. 1999;7(4):363–75. doi: 10.1007/s10787-999-0030-z. PMID: 17657439. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 17657439] [CrossRef]

Schnitzer TJ, Ballard IM, Constantine G, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of the safety and efficacy of orally administered etodolac and nabumetone in patients with active osteoarthritis of the knee. Clin Ther. 1995 Jul-Aug;17(4):602–12. PMID: 8565024. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 8565024]

Schnitzer TJ, Ekman EF, Spierings EL, et al. Efficacy and safety of tanezumab monotherapy or combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of knee or hip osteoarthritis pain. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Jun;74(6):1202–11. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204905. PMID: 24625625. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 24625625] [CrossRef]

Schorn D. Diflunisal in rheumatoid arthritis. A controlled trial. S Afr Med J. 1981 Dec 12;60(24):936–7. PMID: 7029742. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 7029742]

Schorn D. A comparative study of isoxicam and naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis. S Afr Med J. 1985 Mar 23;67(12):452–4. PMID: 3885424. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 3885424]

Schorn D, Seymour MA. Indomethacin or sulindac at night in rheumatoid arthritis. S Afr Med J. 1981 Jun 13;59(25):913–4. PMID: 7015541. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 7015541]

Schreijenberg M, Luijsterburg PA, Van Trier YD, et al. Efficacy of paracetamol, diclofenac and advice for acute low back pain in general practice: design of a randomized controlled trial (PACE Plus). BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017 Feb 1;18(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s12891-017-1432-5. PMID: 28143496. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC5286693] [PubMed: 28143496] [CrossRef]

Scott WA. The relief of pain with an antidepressant in arthritis. Practitioner. 1969;202(212):802–7. PMID: 4894317. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 4894317]

Scudds RA, McCain GA, Rollman GB, et al. Improvements in pain responsiveness in patients with fibrositis after successful treatment with amitriptyline. J Rheumatol Suppl. 1989 Nov;19:98–103. PMID: 2481743. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 2481743]

Seidel EJ, Rother M, Regenspurger K, et al. A randomised trial comparing the efficacy and safety of topical ketoprofen in Transfersome() gel (IDEA-033) with oral ketoprofen and drug-free ultra-deformable SequessomeTM vesicles (TDT 064) for the treatment of muscle soreness following exercise. J Sports Sci. 2016;34(1):88–95. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1035667. PMID: 25893979. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 25893979] [CrossRef]

Seideman P, Samuelson P, Neander G. Naproxen and paracetamol compared with naproxen only in coxarthrosis. Increased effect of the combination in 18 patients. Acta Orthop Scand. 1993 Jun;64(3):285–8. PMID: 8322582. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 8322582]

Selvarajah D, Petrie J, White D, et al. Multicentre, double-blind, crossover trial to identify the Optimal Pathway for TreatIng neurOpathic paiN in Diabetes Mellitus (OPTION-DM): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2018 Oct 22;19(1):578. doi: 10.1186/s13063-018-2959-y. PMID: 30348206. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC6196556] [PubMed: 30348206] [CrossRef]

Sendra JM, Junyent TT, Pellicer MJ. Pregabalin-induced hepatotoxicity. Ann Pharmacother. 2011 Jun;45(6):e32. doi: 10.1345/aph.1Q032. PMID: 21652790. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 21652790] [CrossRef]

Serni U. Rheumatic diseases-clinical experience with piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1993;12(4):47–54. PMID: 7805704. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7805704]

Serpell M, Latymer M, Almas M, et al. Neuropathic pain responds better to increased doses of pregabalin: An in-depth analysis of flexible-dose clinical trials. J Pain Res. 2017 Jul 26;10:1769–76. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S129832. PMID: 28794656. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC5536312] [PubMed: 28794656] [CrossRef]

Serpell MG, Neuropathic pain study group. Gabapentin in neuropathic pain syndromes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pain. 2002 Oct;99(3):557–66. PMID: 12406532. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 12406532]

Sevelius H, Segre E, Bursick K. Comparative analgesic effects of naproxen sodium, aspirin, and placebo. J Clin Pharmacol. 1980 Jul;20(7):480–5. PMID: 7000856. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 7000856]

Shah R. Potentized, oral preparation of Capsaicin alkaloids and magnesium phosphoricum in treatment of chronic pain: A clinical trial. J Pain Manag. 2014 Jan-Mar;7(1):63–73. Exclusion: 3

Shaibani A, Biton V, Rauck R, et al. Long-term oral lacosamide in painful diabetic neuropathy: a two-year open-label extension trial. Eur J Pain. 2009 May;13(5):458–63. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.05.016. PMID: 18619874. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 18619874] [CrossRef]

Shaibani A, Fares S, Selam JL, et al. Lacosamide in painful diabetic neuropathy: an 18-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Pain. 2009 Aug;10(8):818–28. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.01.322. PMID: 19409861. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 19409861] [CrossRef]

Shephard NW, Steele CE. Comparison of tolmetin sodium with indomethacin in osteoarthritis. Practitioner. 1981 Nov;225(1361):1696–7. PMID: 7038657. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 7038657]

Shi W, Wang YM, Li LS, et al. Safety and efficacy of oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a six-month randomised study. Clin Drug Investig. 2004;24(2):89–101. doi: 10.2165/00044011-200424020-00004. PMID: 17516695. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 17516695] [CrossRef]

Shichikawa K. A double blind evaluation of piroxicam in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis - a standardized approach to new drug evaluation in Japan The management of rheumatic diseases. ASIA PAC. CONGR. SER. 1982;No. 10:34–45. Exclusion: 9

Shin S. Safety of celecoxib versus traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in older patients with arthritis. J Pain Res. 2018 Dec 14;11:3211–9. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S186000. PMID: 30588073. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC6299466] [PubMed: 30588073] [CrossRef]

Shipley M, Berry H, Bloom B. A double-blind cross-over trial of indomethacin, fenoprofen and placebo in ankylosing spondylitis, with comments on patient assessment. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1980 May;19(2):122–5. PMID: 6996071. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 6996071]

Shlay JC, Chaloner K, Max MB, et al. Acupuncture and amitriptyline for pain due to HIV-related peripheral neuropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS. JAMA. 1998 Nov 11;280(18):1590–5. PMID: 9820261. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 9820261]

Shukla R, Nag D, Ahuja RC. Alprazolam in chronic tension type headache. J Assoc Physicians India. 1996 Sep;44(9):641–4. PMID: 9251377. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 9251377]

Sidell FB, Pless JE, Neitlich H, et al. Dimethylheptyl-delta 6a-10a-tetrahydrocannabinol: effects after parenteral administration to man. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1973 Mar;142(3):867–73. PMID: 4571010. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 4571010]

Sieper J, Lenaerts J, Wollenhaupt J, et al. Maintenance of biologic-free remission with naproxen or no treatment in patients with early, active axial spondyloarthritis: results from a 6-month, randomised, open-label follow-up study, INFAST Part 2. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Jan;73(1):108–13. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203460. PMID: 23740231. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC3888608] [PubMed: 23740231] [CrossRef]

Sieper J, Listing J, Poddubnyy D, et al. Effect of continuous versus on-demand treatment of ankylosing spondylitis with diclofenac over 2 years on radiographic progression of the spine: results from a randomised multicentre trial (ENRADAS). Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Aug;75(8):1438–43. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207897. PMID: 26242443. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 26242443] [CrossRef]

Silberstein S, Goode-Sellers S, Twomey C, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II trial of gabapentin enacarbil for migraine prophylaxis. Cephalalgia. 2013 Jan;33(2):101–11. doi: 10.1177/0333102412466968. PMID: 23165696. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 23165696] [CrossRef]

Silberstein S, Saper J, Berenson F, et al. Oxcarbazepine in migraine headache: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Neurology. 2008 Feb 12;70(7):548–55. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000297551.27191.70. PMID: 18268247. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 18268247] [CrossRef]

Silberstein SD, Armellino JJ, Hoffman HD, et al. Treatment of menstruation-associated migraine with the nonprescription combination of acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine: results from three randomized, placebo-controlled studies. Clin Ther. 1999 Mar;21(3):475–91. doi: 10.1016/S0149-2918(00)88303-4. PMID: 10321417. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 10321417] [CrossRef]

Silver M, Blum D, Grainger J, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of lamotrigine in combination with other medications for neuropathic pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2007 Oct;34(4):446–54. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.12.015. PMID: 17662571. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 17662571] [CrossRef]

Silverstein F, Graham D, Senior J, et al. Misoprostol reduces gastrointestinal complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1995 Aug 15;123(4):241–9. PMID: 7611589. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7611589]

Simpson DA. Gabapentin and venlafaxine for the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis. 2001 Dec;3(2):53–62. PMID: 19078655. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 19078655]

Simpson DM. High-concentration capsaicin in HIV-associated neuropathy: Clinical evidence and cases. Eur J Pain Suppl. 2010 Aug;4(2):166–9. doi: 10.1016/S1754-3207(10)70528-9. Exclusion: 6 [CrossRef]

Simpson DM, Brown S, Tobias JK, et al. NGX-4010, a capsaicin 8% dermal patch, for the treatment of painful HIV-associated distal sensory polyneuropathy: results of a 52-week open-label study. Clin J Pain. 2014 Feb;30(2):134–42. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e318287a32f. PMID: 23446088. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 23446088] [CrossRef]

Simpson DM, McArthur JC, Olney R, et al. Lamotrigine for HIV-associated painful sensory neuropathies: a placebo-controlled trial. Neurology. 2003 May 13;60(9):1508–14. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000063304.88470.d9. PMID: 12743240. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 12743240] [CrossRef]

Simpson DM, Olney R, McArthur JC, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of lamotrigine for painful HIV-associated neuropathy. Neurology. 2000 Jun 13;54(11):2115–9. doi: 10.1212/wnl.54.11.2115. PMID: 10851374. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 10851374] [CrossRef]

Sindrup SH, Bach FW, Madsen C, et al. Venlafaxine versus imipramine in painful polyneuropathy: a randomized, controlled trial. Neurology. 2003 Apr 22;60(8):1284–9. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000058749.49264.bd. PMID: 12707430. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 12707430] [CrossRef]

Sindrup SH, Holbech J, Demant D, et al. Impact of etiology and duration of pain on pharmacological treatment effects in painful polyneuropathy. Eur J Pain. 2017 Sep;21(8):1443–50. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1048. PMID: 28557178. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 28557178] [CrossRef]

Sindrup SH, Jensen TS. Efficacy of pharmacological treatments of neuropathic pain: an update and effect related to mechanism of drug action. Pain. 1999 Dec;83(3):389–400. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959%2899%2900154-2. PMID: 10568846. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 10568846] [CrossRef]

Singer F, Bouda H, Broll H, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of tenoxicam versus diclofenac in rheumatoid arthritis. Results of a double-blind study. Drug Investigation. 1990;2(SUPPL. 3):54–5. Exclusion: 5

Singer F, Singer C, Oberleitner H. Phlogenzym versus diclofenac in the treatment of activated osteoarthritis of the knee. A double-blind prospective randomized study. International journal of immunotherapy. 2001;17(2):135–41. Exclusion: 6

Singh G, Fort JG, Goldstein JL, et al. Celecoxib versus naproxen and diclofenac in osteoarthritis patients: SUCCESS-I Study. Am J Med. 2006 Mar;119(3):255–66. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.09.054. PMID: 16490472. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 16490472] [CrossRef]

Singh G, Fort JG, Goldstein JL, et al. Celecoxib versus naproxen and diclofenac in osteoarthritis patients: SUCCESS-I Study.[Erratum appears in Am J Med. 2006 Sep;119(9):801]. Am J Med. 2006 Mar;119(3):255–66. PMID: 16490472. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 16490472]

Skljarevski V, Desaiah D, Liu-Seifert H, et al. Efficacy and safety of duloxetine in patients with chronic low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010 Jun 1;35(13):E578–85. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181d3cef6. PMID: 20461028. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 20461028] [CrossRef]

Smugar SS, Schnitzer TJ, Weaver AL, et al. Rofecoxib 12.5 mg, rofecoxib 25 mg, and celecoxib 200 mg in the treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis: results of two similarly designed studies. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006 Jul;22(7):1353–67. doi: 10.1185/030079906X104876. PMID: 16834834. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 16834834] [CrossRef]

Snedecor SJ, Sudharshan L, Cappelleri JC, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of pharmacological therapies for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Pain pract. 2014 Feb;14(2):167–84. doi: 10.1111/papr.12054. PMID: 23534696. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 23534696] [CrossRef]

Solomon DH, Libby P, Yeomans ND, et al. The potential benefits of aspirin for primary cardiovascular prevention in rheumatoid arthritis: a secondary analysis of the PRECISION Trial. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018 Aug 1;57(8):1364–9. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/key105. PMID: 29688503. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 29688503] [CrossRef]

Solomon L, Abrams G. Orudis in the management of osteo-arthritis of the knee. A double-blind trial. S Afr Med J. 1974 Jul 27;48(36):1526–9. PMID: 4608409. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 4608409]

Solomon L, Abrams G. Voltaren in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. S Afr Med J. 1974 May 11;48(22):949–52. PMID: 4599883. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 4599883]

Soni P, Shell B, Cawkwell G, et al. The hepatic safety and tolerability of the cyclooxygenase-2 selective NSAID celecoxib: pooled analysis of 41 randomized controlled trials. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009 Aug;25(8):1841–51. doi: 10.1185/03007990903018279. PMID: 19530981. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 19530981] [CrossRef]

Stacey BR, Barrett JA, Whalen E, et al. Pregabalin for postherpetic neuralgia: placebo-controlled trial of fixed and flexible dosing regimens on allodynia and time to onset of pain relief. J Pain. 2008 Nov;9(11):1006–17. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2008.05.014. PMID: 18640074. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 18640074] [CrossRef]

Stacey BR, Dworkin RH, Murphy K, et al. Pregabalin in the treatment of refractory neuropathic pain: results of a 15-month open-label trial. Pain Med. 2008 Nov;9(8):1202–8. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2008.00423.x. PMID: 18346060. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 18346060] [CrossRef]

Steardo L, Leo A, Marano E. Efficacy of baclofen in trigeminal neuralgia and some other painful conditions. A clinical trial. Eur Neurol. 1984;23(1):51–5. doi: 10.1159/000115677. PMID: 6201366. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 6201366] [CrossRef]

Steiner TJ, Lange R. Ketoprofen (25 mg) in the symptomatic treatment of episodic tension-type headache: double-blind placebo-controlled comparison with acetaminophen (1000 mg). Cephalalgia. 1998 Jan;18(1):38–43. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1998.1801038.x. PMID: 9601623. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 9601623] [CrossRef]

Stengaard-Pedersen K, Ekesbo R, Karvonen AL, et al. Celecoxib 200 mg q.d. is efficacious in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee or hip regardless of the time of dosing. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2004 May;43(5):592–5. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keh121. PMID: 14762227. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 14762227] [CrossRef]

Stensrud P, Sjaastad O. Clinical trial of a new anti-bradykinin, anti-inflammatory drug, ketoprofen (19.583 r.p.) in migraine prophylaxis. Headache. 1974 Jul;14(2):96–100. PMID: 4604234. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 4604234]

Stewart I, Thomas A. Mefenamic acid compared with diclofenac sodium in elderly patients with osteoarthritis. Br J Clin Pract. 1988 Aug;42(8):316–20. PMID: 3061435. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 3061435]

Stewart M, Cibere J, Sayre EC, et al. Efficacy of commonly prescribed analgesics in the management of osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int. 2018 Nov;38(11):1985–97. doi: 10.1007/s00296-018-4132-z. PMID: 30120508. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 30120508] [CrossRef]

Stockings E, Campbell G, Hall WD, et al. Cannabis and cannabinoids for the treatment of people with chronic noncancer pain conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled and observational studies. Pain. 2018 Oct;159(10):1932–54. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001293. PMID: 29847469. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 29847469] [CrossRef]

Stockman A, Varigos GA, Muirden KD. Comparison of effectiveness of mefenamic acid and ibuprofen in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Med J Aust. 1976 Nov 27;2(22):819–21. PMID: 796645. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 796645]

Sturrock RD, Hart FD. Double-blind cross-over comparison of indomethacin, flurbiprofen, and placebo in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1974 Mar;33(2):129–31. doi: 10.1136/ard.33.2.129. PMID: 4595274. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC1006225] [PubMed: 4595274] [CrossRef]

Suarez-Otero R, Robles-San Roman M, Jaimes-Hernandez J, et al. Efficacy and safety of diclofenac-cholestyramine and celecoxib in osteoarthritis. Proc West Pharmacol Soc. 2002;45:26–8. PMID: 12434517. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 12434517]

Sullivan MJ, Lynch ME, Clark A, et al. Catastrophizing and treatment outcome: Differential impact on response to placebo and active treatment outcome. Contemporary Hypnosis. 2008 Sep-Dec;25(3-4):129–40. doi: 10.1002/ch.365. Exclusion: 2 [CrossRef]

Sweetman BJ, Baig A, Parsons DL. Mefenamic acid, chlormezanone-paracetamol, ethoheptazine-aspirin-meprobamate: a comparative study in acute low back pain. Br J Clin Pract. 1987 Feb;41(2):619–24. PMID: 2960369. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 2960369]

Swift G, Heneghan M, Williams G, et al. Effect of rantidine on gastroduodenal mucosal damage in patients on long-term non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs. Digestion. 1989;44(2):86–94. doi: 10.1159/000199896. PMID: 2693162. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 2693162] [CrossRef]

Sydnes OA. Comparison of piroxicam with indomethacin in ankylosing spondylitis: a double-blind crossover trial. Br J Clin Pract. 1981 Jan;35(1):40–4. PMID: 7020732. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 7020732]

Sydnes OA. Comparison of piroxicam with naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind, cross-over, multicentre study. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1981;4(3):318–22. PMID: 6242953. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 6242953]

Symonds T, Hughes B, Liao S, et al. Validation of the Chinese Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index in patients from mainland China with osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015 Nov;67(11):1553–60. doi: 10.1002/acr.22631. PMID: 26018634. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 26018634] [CrossRef]

Szanto E. A double-blind comparison of naproxen and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 1974;3(3):118–20. PMID: 4610736. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 4610736]

Szekely B, Merryman S, Croft H, et al. Prophylactic effects of naproxen sodium on perimenstrual headache: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Cephalalgia. 1989 Oct 1;9(10_suppl):452–3. doi: 10.1177/0333102489009S10240. Exclusion: 4 [CrossRef]

Taborn J, Anderson S, Goldberg M, et al. Relief of morning stiffness: a comparative study of naproxen and ibuprofen. Curr Med Res Opin. 1985;9(6):359–65. doi: 10.1185/03007998509109604. PMID: 3886298. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 3886298] [CrossRef]

Taha As, Hudson N, Hawkey CJ, et al. Famotidine for the prevention of gastric and duodenal ulcers caused by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. N Engl J Med. 1996 May 30;334(22):1435–9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199605303342204. PMID: 8618582. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 8618582] [CrossRef]

Tai Q, Kirshblum S, Chen B, et al. Gabapentin in the treatment of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. J Spinal Cord Med. 2002 Summer;25(2):100–5. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2002.11753609. PMID: 12137213. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 12137213] [CrossRef]

Tanaka S, Ito T, Mori E, et al. Double-blind study of Naproxen in osteoarthritis of the knee joint. J Rheumatol. 1976 Mar;3(1):27–36. PMID: 775086. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 775086]

Tannenbaum H, Esdaile J, Topp JR, et al. A double-blind, multicenter, controlled study on diclofenac (voltaren®) and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.). Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1984;35(3):357–62. Exclusion: 2

Tasleem RA, Buth BA, Koul PA, et al. Chronic low back pain - Comparative analysis of treatment response to drugs and different physical modalities. JK Practitioner. 2003;10(3):201–4. Exclusion: 3

Tasmuth T, Hartel B, Kalso E. Venlafaxine in neuropathic pain following treatment of breast cancer. Eur J Pain. 2002;6(1):17–24. doi: 10.1053/eujp.2001.0266. PMID: 11888224. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 11888224] [CrossRef]

Tausch G. Time of onset and duration of activity of piroxicam in rheumatoid arthritis: a placebo controlled study. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1981;4(3):368–75. PMID: 6242959. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 6242959]

Telhag H, Bach-Andersen R, Persson B. A double-blind comparative evaluation of tolmetin versus naproxen in osteoarthritis. Curr Med Res Opin. 1981;7(6):392–400. PMID: 7016451. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7016451]

Tesfaye S, Wilhelm S, Lledo A, et al. Duloxetine and pregabalin: high-dose monotherapy or their combination? The “COMBO-DN study”-a multinational, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Pain. 2013 Dec;154(12):2616–25. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.05.043. PMID: 23732189. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 23732189] [CrossRef]

Tesfaye S, Wilhelm S, Lledo A, et al. Duloxetine and pregabalin: high-dose monotherapy or their combination? the “COMBO-DN study” - A multinational, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Pain. 2013 Dec;154(12):2616–25. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.05.043. PMID: 23732189. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 23732189] [CrossRef]

Teule M. Double-blind comparative multicenter study of the efficacy and safety of a slow-release tablet of 200-mg ketoprofen once daily and a 50-mg ketoprofen capsule four times daily. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1986;40(6):1129–46. Exclusion: 6

Thapa AS. Amitriptyline versus tizanidine in the management of tension-type headache in Nepal. Emerg Med Australas. 2013 Dec;25(6):611–2. doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.12154. PMID: 24224929. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 24224929] [CrossRef]

Thienel U, Neto W, Schwabe SK, et al. Topiramate in painful diabetic polyneuropathy: findings from three double-blind placebo-controlled trials. Acta Neurol Scand. 2004 Oct;110(4):221–31. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2004.00338.x. PMID: 15355485. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 15355485] [CrossRef]

Thomas J. Combined gabapentin and nortriptyline more efficacious for neuropathic pain. Australian Journal of Pharmacy. 2010;91(1076):59. Exclusion: 5

Thomas M, Eriksson SV, Lundeberg T. A comparative study of diazepam and acupuncture in patients with osteoarthritis pain: a placebo controlled study. Am J Chin Med. 1991;19(2):95–100. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X91000156. PMID: 1816730. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 1816730] [CrossRef]

Thompson M, Daymond TJ, Essigman WK. Short-term efficacy and tolerance of tiaprofenic acid (surgam) in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Multicentre placebo-controlled trials. Arquivos de Reumatologia e Doencas Osteo-Articulares. 1982;4(Suppl.1):37–45. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 6759056]

Tilwe GH, Beria S, Turakhia NH, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of oral enzyme therapy as compared to diclofenac in active osteoarthrosis of knee joint: an open randomized controlled clinical trial. J Assoc Physicians India. 2001 Jun;49:617–21. PMID: 11584936. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 11584936]

Tindall EA, Sharp JT, Burr A, et al. A 12-month, multicenter, prospective, open-label trial of radiographic analysis of disease progression in osteoarthritis of the knee or hip in patients receiving celecoxib. Clin Ther. 2002 Dec;24(12):2051–63. PMID: 12581544. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 12581544]

Tiso RL, Tong-Ngork S, Fredlund KL. Oral versus topical Ibuprofen for chronic knee pain: a prospective randomized pilot study. Pain Physician. 2010 Sep-Oct;13(5):457–67. PMID: 20859315. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 20859315]

Todorov AA, Kolchev CB, Todorov AB. Tiagabine and gabapentin for the management of chronic pain. Clin J Pain. 2005 Jul-Aug;21(4):358–61. PMID: 15951655. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 15951655]

Treadwell BL, Tweed JM. Ketoprofen (Orudis) in ankylosing spondylitis. N Z Med J. 1975 May 14;81(539):411–3. PMID: 1099489. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 1099489]

Treister R, Honigman L, Lawal OD, et al. A deeper look at pain variability and its relationship with the placebo response: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of naproxen in osteoarthritis of the knee. Pain. 2019 Jul;160(7):1522–8. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001538. PMID: 30817436. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 30817436] [CrossRef]

Trelle S, Reichenbach S, Wandel S, et al. Cardiovascular safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2011 Jan 11;342:c7086. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c7086. PMID: 21224324. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC3019238] [PubMed: 21224324] [CrossRef]

Trnavsky K, Fischer M, Vogtle-Junkert U, et al. Efficacy and safety of 5% ibuprofen cream treatment in knee osteoarthritis. Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Rheumatol. 2004 Mar;31(3):565–72. PMID: 14994406. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 14994406]

Trudeau J, Van Inwegen R, Eaton T, et al. Assessment of pain and activity using an electronic pain diary and actigraphy device in a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial of celecoxib in osteoarthritis of the knee. Pain pract. 2015 Mar;15(3):247–55. doi: 10.1111/papr.12167. PMID: 24494935. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 24494935] [CrossRef]

Turner JA, Jensen MP, Warms CA, et al. Blinding effectiveness and association of pretreatment expectations with pain improvement in a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2002 Sep;99(1-2):91–9. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959%2802%2900060-X. PMID: 12237187. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 12237187] [CrossRef]

Turner RA, Whipple JP, Shackleford RW. Diflunisal 500-750 mg versus aspirin 2600-3900 mg in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacotherapy. 1984 May-Jun;4(3):151–7. PMID: 6377249. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 6377249]

UCB Pharma SA. (Clinical Study Summary of SP874) A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of 400mg/day lacosamide in subjects with painful distal diabetic neuropathy using two different titration schemes. ClinicalTrials.gov. 2008;NCT00350103. Exclusion: 3

Umbenhauer ER. Diflunisal in the treatment of the pain of osteoarthritis. Summary of clinical studies. Pharmacotherapy. 1983 Mar-Apr;3(2 Pt 2):55S–60S. PMID: 6344040. Exclusion: 5 [PubMed: 6344040]

Underwood M, Ashby D, Cross P, et al. Advice to use topical or oral ibuprofen for chronic knee pain in older people: randomised controlled trial and patient preference study. BMJ. 2008 Jan 19;336(7636):138–42. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39399.656331.25. PMID: 18056743. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC2206271] [PubMed: 18056743] [CrossRef]

Upasani SP, Mutalik GS, Nayak NJ, et al. Evaluation of ibuprofen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis assessed by sequential analysis. J Assoc Physicians India. 1973 Jul;21(7):575–8. PMID: 4283772. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 4283772]

Vaishnava H, Dasgupta MK, Sachar MS. Treatment of articular and non-articular (rheumatic diseases by indomethacin suppositories). J Assoc Physicians India. 1971;19(2):157–65. PMID: 4934419. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 4934419]

Valentini G, Tirri G, Longatti S. Relative efficacy and tolerance of tiaprofenic acid and ketoprofen in rheumatoid arthritis. Drugs. 1988;35:(Suppl 1):87–9. doi: 10.2165/00003495-198800351-00020. PMID: 3359950. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 3359950] [CrossRef]

Valentini M, Cannizzaro R, Poletti M, et al. Nonsteroidal antinflammatory drugs for cancer pain: comparison between misoprostol and ranitidine in prevention of upper gastrointestinal damage. J Clin Oncol. 1995 Oct;13(10):2637–42. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1995.13.10.2637. PMID: 7595718. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7595718] [CrossRef]

van den Driest JJ, Schiphof D, Luijsterburg PAJ, et al. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of duloxetine added to usual care for patients with chronic pain due to hip or knee osteoarthritis: protocol of a pragmatic open-label cluster randomised trial (the DUO trial). BMJ Open. 2017 Sep 11;7(9):e018661. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018661. PMID: 28893757. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC5595178] [PubMed: 28893757] [CrossRef]

van der Heijde D, Baraf HSB, Ramos-Remus C, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of etoricoxib in ankylosing spondylitis: results of a fifty-two-week, randomized, controlled study. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Apr;52(4):1205–15. doi: 10.1002/art.20985. PMID: 15818702. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 15818702] [CrossRef]

Van Groenendael J, Markusse H, Dijkmans B, et al. The effect of ranitidine on NSAID related dyspeptic symptoms with and without peptic ulcer disease of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 1996 Sep;15(5):450–6. PMID: 8894357. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 8894357]

van Nooten F, Treur M, Pantiri K, et al. Capsaicin 8% patch versus oral neuropathic pain medications for the treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A systematic literature review and network meta-analysis. Clin Ther. 2017 Apr;39(4):787–803.e18. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.02.010. PMID: 28365034. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 28365034] [CrossRef]

van Seventer R, Bach FW, Toth CC, et al. Pregabalin in the treatment of post-traumatic peripheral neuropathic pain: a randomized double-blind trial. Eur J Neurol. 2010 Aug;17(8):1082–9. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.02979.x. PMID: 20236172. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 20236172] [CrossRef]

Vandenburg MJ, Currie WJ, Mann SG, et al. Differential effects of two non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the plasma urea of elderly patients with osteoarthritis. A multicentre study. Br J Clin Pract. 1984 Nov-Dec;38(11-12):403–6. PMID: 6397222. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 6397222]

Verdickt W, Moran C, Hantzschel H, et al. A double-blind comparison of the gastroduodenal safety and efficacy of diclofenac and a fixed dose combination of diclofenac and misoprostol in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 1992;21(2):85–91. PMID: 1570496. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 1570496]

Verkleij SP, Luijsterburg PA, Koes BW, et al. Effectiveness of diclofenac versus acetaminophen in primary care patients with knee osteoarthritis: [NTR1485], DIPA-trial: design of a randomized clinical trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010 Jan 12;11:7. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-7. PMID: 20067607. Exclusion: 4 [PMC free article: PMC2835660] [PubMed: 20067607] [CrossRef]

Verkleij SP, Luijsterburg PA, Willemsen SP, et al. Effectiveness of diclofenac versus paracetamol in knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2015 Aug;65(637):e530–7. doi: 10.3399/bjgp15X686101. PMID: 26212849. Exclusion: 4 [PMC free article: PMC4513741] [PubMed: 26212849] [CrossRef]

Verma V, Singh N, Singh Jaggi A. Pregabalin in Neuropathic Pain: Evidences and Possible Mechanisms. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2014 Jan;12(1):44–56. doi: 10.2174/1570159X1201140117162802. PMID: 24533015. Exclusion: 5 [PMC free article: PMC3915349] [PubMed: 24533015] [CrossRef]

Vernon H, Jansz G, Goldsmith CH, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of chiropractic and medical prophylactic treatment of adults with tension-type headache: results from a stopped trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2009 Jun;32(5):344–51. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2009.04.004. PMID: 19539116. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 19539116] [CrossRef]

Vestergaard K, Andersen G, Gottrup H, et al. Lamotrigine for central poststroke pain: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 2001 Jan 23;56(2):184–90. doi: 10.1212/wnl.56.2.184. PMID: 11160953. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 11160953] [CrossRef]

Veys EM, Verbruggen G, Suykens S, et al. Lymphocyte sub-population counts after a single 40 mg administration of piroxicam in 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A placebo-controlled study. Inflammation. 1984 Jun;8 Suppl:S115–22. PMID: 6237051. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 6237051]

Vickers ER, Cousins MJ, Walker S, et al. Analysis of 50 patients with atypical odontalgia. A preliminary report on pharmacological procedures for diagnosis and treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998 Jan;85(1):24–32. PMID: 9474610. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 9474610]

Vijayalakshmi A, Chaitanya. Efficacy and safety of duloxetine in patients with neuropathic pain. International journal of pharmtech research. 2016;9(4):48–53. Exclusion: 9

Vilholm OJ, Cold S, Rasmussen L, et al. Effect of levetiracetam on the postmastectomy pain syndrome. Eur J Neurol. 2008 Aug;15(8):851–7. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02206.x. PMID: 18565107. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 18565107] [CrossRef]

Vince JD, Kremer D. Double-blind trial of diazepam in rheumatoid arthritis. Practitioner. 1973;210(256):264–7. PMID: 4570523. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 4570523]

Vinik AI, Perrot S, Vinik EJ, et al. Capsaicin 8% patch repeat treatment plus standard of care (SOC) versus SOC alone in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a randomised, 52-week, open-label, safety study. BMC Neurol. 2016 Dec 6;16(1):251. doi: 10.1186/s12883-016-0752-7. PMID: 27919222. Exclusion: 2 [PMC free article: PMC5139122] [PubMed: 27919222] [CrossRef]

Vinik AI, Tuchman M, Safirstein B, et al. Lamotrigine for treatment of pain associated with diabetic neuropathy: results of two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Pain. 2007 Mar;128(1-2):169–79. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.09.040. PMID: 17161535. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 17161535] [CrossRef]

Vinje O, Fagertun HE, Laerum E, et al. Ketoprofen controlled release (CR) in the treatment of osteoarthrosis; a double blind, randomized multicentre study of single morning versus evening dose. Norwegian Study Group of General Practitioners. Scand J Prim Health Care. 1993 Jun;11(2):91–7. doi: 10.3109/02813439308994909. PMID: 8356371. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 8356371] [CrossRef]

Vollmer TL, Robinson MJ, Risser RC, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of duloxetine for the treatment of pain in patients with multiple sclerosis. Pain pract. 2014 Nov;14(8):732–44. doi: 10.1111/papr.12127. PMID: 24152240. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 24152240] [CrossRef]

von Delius S, Eckel F, Wagenpfeil S, et al. Carbamazepine for prevention of oxaliplatin-related neurotoxicity in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: final results of a randomised, controlled, multicenter phase II study. Invest New Drugs. 2007 Apr;25(2):173–80. doi: 10.1007/s10637-006-9010-y. PMID: 16983507. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 16983507] [CrossRef]

von Heymann WJ, Schloemer P, Timm J, et al. Spinal high-velocity low amplitude manipulation in acute nonspecific low back pain: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial in comparison with diclofenac and placebo. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013 Apr 01;38(7):540–8. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318275d09c. PMID: 23026869. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 23026869] [CrossRef]

Vranken JH, Dijkgraaf MG, Kruis MR, et al. Pregabalin in patients with central neuropathic pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a flexible-dose regimen. Pain. 2008 May;136(1-2):150–7. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.06.033. PMID: 17703885. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 17703885] [CrossRef]

Vreede PD, Harper FE, Sheldon WB. Use of oxaprozin in the treatment of aspirin failures in rheumatoid arthritis. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1986;15(3 Suppl 2):66–71. doi: 10.1016/S0049-0172(86)80010-5. Exclusion: 3 [CrossRef]

Vrethem M, Boivie J, Arnqvist H, et al. A comparison of amitriptyline and maprotiline in the treatment of painful polyneuropathy in diabetics and nondiabetics. Clin J Pain. 1997 Dec;13(4):313–23. PMID: 9430812. Exclusion: 10 [PubMed: 9430812]

Waikakul S, Danputipong P, Soparat K. Topical analgesics, indomethacin plaster and diclofenac emulgel for low back pain: a parallel study. J Med Assoc Thai. 1996 Aug;79(8):486–90. PMID: 8855630. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 8855630]

Waikakul S, Penkitt iP, Soparat K, et al. Topical analgesics for knee arthrosis: a parallel study of ketoprofen gel and diclofenac emulgel. J Med Assoc Thai. 1997 Sep;80(9):593–7. PMID: 9347673. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 9347673]

Waldfogel JM, Nesbit SA, Dy SM, et al. Pharmacotherapy for diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain and quality of life: A systematic review. Neurology. 2017 May 16;88(20):1958–67. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003882. PMID: 28341643. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 28341643] [CrossRef]

Walitt B, Klose P, Fitzcharles MA, et al. Cannabinoids for fibromyalgia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jul 18;7:CD011694. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011694.pub2. PMID: 27428009. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC6457965] [PubMed: 27428009] [CrossRef]

Walitt B, Klose P, Uceyler N, et al. Antipsychotics for fibromyalgia in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jun 2(6):CD011804. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011804.pub2. PMID: 27251337. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC6457603] [PubMed: 27251337] [CrossRef]

Walker JS, Carmody JJ. Experimental pain in healthy human subjects: gender differences in nociception and in response to ibuprofen. Anesth Analg. 1998 Jun;86(6):1257–62. PMID: 9620515. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 9620515]

Walker JS, Sheather-Reid RB, Carmody JJ, et al. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: support for the concept of “responders” and “nonresponders”. Arthritis Rheum. 1997 Nov;40(11):1944–54. doi: 10.1002/art.1780401105. PMID: 9365082. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 9365082] [CrossRef]

Walker Z, Walker RW, Robertson MM, et al. Antidepressant treatment of chronic tension-type headache: a comparison between fluoxetine and desipramine. Headache. 1998 Jul-Aug;38(7):523–8. doi: 10.1046/j.1526-4610.1998.3807523.x. PMID: 15613168. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 15613168] [CrossRef]

Wanders A, Heijde D, Landewe R, et al. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs reduce radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Jun;52(6):1756–65. doi: 10.1002/art.21054. PMID: 15934081. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 15934081] [CrossRef]

Wang F, Ruberg SJ, Gaynor PJ, et al. Early improvement in pain predicts pain response at endpoint in patients with fibromyalgia. J Pain. 2011 Oct;12(10):1088–94. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2011.05.002. PMID: 21763211. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 21763211] [CrossRef]

Ward DE, Veys EM, Bowdler JM, et al. Comparison of aceclofenac with diclofenac in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 1995 Nov;14(6):656–62. PMID: 8608684. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 8608684]

Ward NG. Tricyclic antidepressants for chronic low-back pain. Mechanisms of action and predictors of response. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1986 Sep;11(7):661–5. PMID: 2947334. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 2947334]

Waterworth RF, Waterworth SM, Taylor KM. A comparison of tenoxicam and piroxicam in a long-term clinical study in patients with osteoarthritis of hip or knee joints. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1985;8(1):21–7. PMID: 3915884. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 3915884]

Watson CP. Topical capsaicin as an adjuvant analgesic. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1994 Oct;9(7):425–33. PMID: 7822881. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 7822881]

Watson CP, Vernich L, Chipman M, et al. Nortriptyline versus amitriptyline in postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized trial. Neurology. 1998 Oct;51(4):1166–71. doi: 10.1212/wnl.51.4.1166. PMID: 9781549. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 9781549] [CrossRef]

Weinberger A, Fischer DG, Rubinstein M. A crossover study comparing diflunisal to diclofenac sodium in rheumatoid arthritis. A correlation with serum interferon-like activity. Rhumatologie - Revue International de Rhumatologie. 1985;15(4 NO. 79):215–9. Exclusion: 9

Weinbroum AA, Zur E. Patient-tailored combinations of systemic and topical preparations for localized peripheral neuropathic pain: A two-case report. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2015 Mar;29(1):27–33. doi: 10.3109/15360288.2014.997852. PMID: 25594152. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 25594152] [CrossRef]

Weintraub M, Jacox RF, Angevine CD, et al. Piroxicam (CP 16171) in rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled clinical trial with novel assessment techniques. J Rheumatol. 1977;4(4):393–404. PMID: 342691. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 342691]

Welch KM. Naproxen sodium in the treatment of migraine. Cephalalgia. 1986;6: Suppl 4:85–92. doi: 10.1177/03331024860060S411. PMID: 3539362. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 3539362] [CrossRef]

Welsch P, Bernardy K, Derry S, et al. Mirtazapine for fibromyalgia in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Aug 6;8:CD012708. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012708.pub2. PMID: 30080242. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC6513659] [PubMed: 30080242] [CrossRef]

Wernicke JF, Prakash A, Kajdasz DK, et al. Safety and tolerability of duloxetine treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain between patients with and without cardiovascular conditions. J Diabetes Complications. 2009 Sep-Oct;23(5):349–59. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2008.07.004. PMID: 18768332. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 18768332] [CrossRef]

Wernicke JF, Wang F, Pritchett YL, et al. An open-label 52-week clinical extension comparing duloxetine with routine care in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Pain Med. 2007 Sep;8(6):503–13. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2006.00258.x. PMID: 17716324. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 17716324] [CrossRef]

Wetzel L, Zadrazil M, Paternostro-Sluga T, et al. Intravenous nonopioid analgesic drugs in chronic low back pain patients on chronic opioid treatment: a crossover, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.[Retraction in Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015 Apr;32(4):287; PMID: 25747315]. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2014 Jan;31(1):35–40. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e328365ae28. PMID: 24141646. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 24141646] [CrossRef]

Wheatley D. Comparative trial of a new mono-amine oxidase inhibitor in depression. Br J Psychiatry. 1970 Nov;117(540):573–4. PMID: 4921178. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 4921178]

Whelton A, Fort JG, Puma JA, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2-specific inhibitors and cardiorenal function: A randomized, controlled trial of celecoxib and rofecoxib in older hypertensive osteoarthritis patients. Am J Manag Care. 2002;8(15 SUPPL.):S371–S82. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 11304662]

Whelton A, Fort JG, Puma JA, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2-specific inhibitors and cardiorenal function: a randomized, controlled trial of celecoxib and rofecoxib in older hypertensive osteoarthritis patients.[erratum appears in Am J Ther 2001 May-Jun;8(3):220]. Am J Ther. 2001 Mar-Apr;8(2):85–95. PMID: 11304662. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 11304662]

Whelton A, White WB, Bello AE, et al. Effects of celecoxib and rofecoxib on blood pressure and edema in patients > or =65 years of age with systemic hypertension and osteoarthritis. Am J Cardiol. 2002 Nov 1;90(9):959–63. PMID: 12398962. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 12398962]

White AG, Martin VM. A comparison of alclofenac and indomethacin in the relief of rheumatoid morning stiffness. Curr Med Res Opin. 1975;3(5):329–32. doi: 10.1185/03007997509114783. PMID: 241602. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 241602] [CrossRef]

White WB, Schnitzer TJ, Bakris GL, et al. Effects of naproxcinod on blood pressure in patients with osteoarthritis. Am J Cardiol. 2011 May 1;107(9):1338–45. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.12.046. PMID: 21371681. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 21371681] [CrossRef]

White WB, Strand V, Roberts R, et al. Effects of the cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitor valdecoxib versus nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents and placebo on cardiovascular thrombotic events in patients with arthritis. Am J Ther. 2004 Jul-Aug;11(4):244–50. PMID: 15266215. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 15266215]

Wibbenmeyer L, Eid A, Liao J, et al. Gabapentin is ineffective as an analgesic adjunct in the immediate postburn period. J Burn Care Res. 2014 Mar-Apr;35(2):136–42. doi: 10.1097/BCR.0b013e31828a4828. PMID: 23511293. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 23511293] [CrossRef]

Wiech K, Kiefer RT, Topfner S, et al. A placebo-controlled randomized crossover trial of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist, memantine, in patients with chronic phantom limb pain. Anesth Analg. 2004 Feb;98(2):408–13, table of contents. PMID: 14742379. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 14742379]

Wiffen PJ, Derry S, Bell RF, et al. Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jun 9;6:CD007938. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007938.pub4. PMID: 28597471. Exclusion: 8 [PMC free article: PMC6452908] [PubMed: 28597471] [CrossRef]

Wijnands M, van Riel P, van ‘t Hof M, et al. Longterm treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective drug survival study. J Rheumatol. 1991 Feb;18(2):184–7. PMID: 2023212. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 2023212]

Willans MJ, Wehner SE, Bourgouin J, et al. Double-blind study of ketoprofen capsules and enteric-coated tablets in the maintenance treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1985;38(6):870–9. Exclusion: 3

Williams GW, Kivitz AJ, Brown MT, et al. A comparison of valdecoxib and naproxen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. Clin Ther. 2006 Feb;28(2):204–21. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2006.01.016. PMID: 16678642. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 16678642] [CrossRef]

Willkens RF. Double-blind crossover trial of naproxen and placebo in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1973;2:132–6. PMID: 4590037. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 4590037]

Willkens RF. Worldwide clinical safety experience with diclofenac. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1985 Nov;15(2 Suppl 1):105–10. PMID: 3909410. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 3909410]

Wilsey B, Marcotte T, Deutsch R, et al. Low-dose vaporized cannabis significantly improves neuropathic pain. J Pain. 2013 Feb;14(2):136–48. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2012.10.009. PMID: 23237736. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC3566631] [PubMed: 23237736] [CrossRef]

Wilsey B, Marcotte TD, Deutsch R, et al. An Exploratory Human Laboratory Experiment Evaluating Vaporized Cannabis in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain From Spinal Cord Injury and Disease. J Pain. 2016 09;17(9):982–1000. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.05.010. PMID: 27286745. Exclusion: 6 [PMC free article: PMC5007175] [PubMed: 27286745] [CrossRef]

Wilson A. Comparison of flurbiprofen and alprazolam in the management of chronic pain syndrome. Psychiatr J Univ Ott. 1990 Sep;15(3):144–9. PMID: 2243877. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 2243877]

Wojtulewski J, Walter J, Thornton EJ. Tiaprofenic acid (surgam) in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1981 Aug;20(3):177–80. PMID: 7025176. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7025176]

Wojtulewski JA. Fenoprofen in the treatment of osteoarthrosis. Curr Med Res Opin. 1974;2(9):551–5. doi: 10.1185/03007997409115256. PMID: 4452293. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 4452293] [CrossRef]

Wojtulewski JA, Hart FD, Huskisson EC. Fenoprofen in treatment of osteoarthrosis of hip and knee. Br Med J. 1974 Jun 1;2(5917):475–6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5917.475. PMID: 4599766. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC1610607] [PubMed: 4599766] [CrossRef]

Wolfe F, Cathey MA, Hawley DJ. A double-blind placebo controlled trial of fluoxetine in fibromyalgia. Scand J Rheumatol. 1994;23(5):255–9. doi: 10.3109/03009749409103725. PMID: 7973479. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 7973479] [CrossRef]

Wolff RF, Bala MM, Westwood M, et al. 5% lidocaine-medicated plaster vs other relevant interventions and placebo for post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN): a systematic review. Acta Neurol Scand. 2011 May;123(5):295–309. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2010.01433.x. PMID: 21039364. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 21039364] [CrossRef]

Worz R, Scherhag R. Treatment of chronic tension headache with doxepin or amitriptyline: Results of a double-blind study. Headache Quarterly. 1990;1(3):216–23. Exclusion: 9

Worz R, Scherhag R. Treatment of chronic tension headache with doxepin or amitriptylinle Results of a double blind study. Headache Quarterly. 1990;1(3):216–23. Exclusion: 9

Wright V, Walker WC, McGuire RJ. Indomethacin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A controlled trial comparing indomethacin, phenylbutazone, and placebo. Ann Rheum Dis. 1969;28(2):157–62. doi: 10.1136/ard.28.2.157. PMID: 4887768. Exclusion: 9 [PMC free article: PMC1031124] [PubMed: 4887768] [CrossRef]

Wu EQ, Birnbaum HG, Mareva MN, et al. Cost-effectiveness of duloxetine versus routine treatment for U.S. patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. J Pain. 2006 Jun;7(6):399–407. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2006.01.443. PMID: 16750796. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 16750796] [CrossRef]

Wu N, Chen S, Boulanger L, et al. Average daily dose, medication adherence, and healthcare costs among commercially-insured patients with fibromyalgia treated with duloxetine. Curr Med Res Opin. 2011 Jun;27(6):1131–9. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2011.570744. PMID: 21456939. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 21456939] [CrossRef]

Wymer JP, Simpson J, Sen D, et al. Efficacy and safety of lacosamide in diabetic neuropathic pain: an 18-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial of fixed-dose regimens. Clin J Pain. 2009 Jun;25(5):376–85. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e318196d2b6. PMID: 19454870. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 19454870] [CrossRef]

Wysenbeek AJ, Mor F, Lurie Y, et al. Imipramine for the treatment of fibrositis: a therapeutic trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 1985 Nov;44(11):752–3. doi: 10.1136/ard.44.11.752. PMID: 3864398. Exclusion: 4 [PMC free article: PMC1001766] [PubMed: 3864398] [CrossRef]

Yeomans N, Tulassay Z, Juhasz L, et al. A comparison of omeprazole with ranitidine for ulcers associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:719–26. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199803123381104. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 9494148] [CrossRef]

Yildirim K, Şışecıoğlu M, Karatay S, et al. The effectiveness of gabapentin in patients with chronic radiculopathy. The Pain Clinic. 2003;15(3):213–8. doi: 10.1163/156856903767650718. Exclusion: 9 [CrossRef]

Yilmaz B, Yasar E, Koroglu Omac O, et al. Gabapentin vs. pregabalin for the treatment of neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury: A cross-over study. Eur J Pain Suppl. 2011;5(1):239. doi: 10.1016/S1754-3207(11)70824-0. Exclusion: 9 [CrossRef]

Yilmaz B, Yasar E, Koroglu Omac O, et al. Gabapentin vs. pregabalin for the treatment of neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury: A crossover study. Turkiye Fiziksel Tip ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2015;61:1–5. doi: 10.5152/tftrd.2015.79069. Exclusion: 9 [CrossRef]

Young D, Peterson C, Basch C, et al. Effects of naproxen and nabumetone on serum cholesterol levels in patients with osteoarthritis. Clin Ther. 1995 Mar-Apr;17(2):231–40. PMID: 7614523. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 7614523]

Yucel A, Ozyalcin S, Koknel Talu G, et al. The effect of venlafaxine on ongoing and experimentally induced pain in neuropathic pain patients: a double blind, placebo controlled study. Eur J Pain. 2005 Aug;9(4):407–16. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2004.09.009. PMID: 15979021. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 15979021] [CrossRef]

Yue L, Luo S, Wang Y, et al. Clinical meaningfulness of duloxetine’s effect in Chinese patients with chronic pain due to osteoarthritis: post hoc analyses of a phase 3 randomized trial. Open access rheumatol. 2019 Mar 21;11:67–76. doi: 10.2147/OARRR.S193044. PMID: 30962729. Exclusion: 2 [PMC free article: PMC6432893] [PubMed: 30962729] [CrossRef]

Yue L, Luo S, Wang Y, et al. Clinical meaningfulness of duloxetinea[Euro sign][TM]s effect in chinese Patients with chronic pain due to osteoarthritis: post hoc analyses of a phase 3 randomized trial. Open access rheumatology: research and reviews. 2019;11:67–76. PMID: CN-01964281 NEW. Exclusion: 2 [PMC free article: PMC6432893] [PubMed: 30962729]

Yuen E, Gueorguieva I, Bueno-Burgos L, et al. Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models for duloxetine in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Eur J Pain. 2013 Mar;17(3):382–93. doi: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00209.x. PMID: 22893563. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 22893563] [CrossRef]

Zaccara G, Gangemi P, Perucca P, et al. The adverse event profile of pregabalin: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Epilepsia. 2011 Apr;52(4):826–36. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02966.x. PMID: 21320112. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 21320112] [CrossRef]

Zaccara G, Perucca P, Gangemi PF. The adverse event profile of pregabalin across different disorders: a meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2012 Jun;68(6):903–12. doi: 10.1007/s00228-012-1213-x. PMID: 22271298. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 22271298] [CrossRef]

Zacher J, Burger KL, Farber L, et al. Topical diclofenac versus oral ibuprofen: A double blind, randomized clinical trial to demonstrate efficacy and tolerability in patients with activated osteoarthritis of the finger joints. Aktuelle Rheumatologie. 2001;26:7–14. Exclusion: 1

Zhao J, Wang Q, Wu J, et al. Therapeutic effects of low-frequency phonophoresis with a Chinese herbal medicine versus sodium diclofenac for treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Tradit Chin Med. 2016 10;36(5):613–7. PMID: 29933529. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 29933529]

Zhao SZ, Dedhiya SD, Bocanegra TS, et al. Health-related quality-of-life effects of oxaprozin and nabumetone in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Clin Ther. 1999 Jan;21(1):205–17. doi: 10.1016/S0149-2918(00)88279-X. PMID: 10090436. Exclusion: 9 [PubMed: 10090436] [CrossRef]

Zheng Y, Gu M, Shi D, et al. Tomography-guided palisade sacroiliac joint radiofrequency neurotomy versus celecoxib for ankylosing spondylitis: a open-label, randomized, and controlled trial. Rheumatol Int. 2014 Sep;34(9):1195–202. doi: 10.1007/s00296-014-2959-5. PMID: 24518967. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 24518967] [CrossRef]

Ziegler D, Hidvegi T, Gurieva I, et al. Efficacy and safety of lacosamide in painful diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care. 2010 Apr;33(4):839–41. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1578. PMID: 20067958. Exclusion: 3 [PMC free article: PMC2845038] [PubMed: 20067958] [CrossRef]

Ziegler D, Pritchett YL, Wang F, et al. Impact of disease characteristics on the efficacy of duloxetine in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Diabetes Care. 2007 Mar;30(3):664–9. doi: 10.2337/dc06-2009. PMID: 17327338. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 17327338] [CrossRef]

Ziegler DK, Ellis DJ. Naproxen in prophylaxis of migraine. Arch Neurol. 1985 Jun;42(6):582–4. PMID: 4004602. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 4004602]

Ziegler DK, Hurwitz A, Preskorn S, et al. Propranolol and amitriptyline in prophylaxis of migraine. Pharmacokinetic and therapeutic effects. Arch Neurol. 1993 Aug;50(8):825–30. PMID: 8352668. Exclusion: 3 [PubMed: 8352668]

Zingler G, Hermann B, Fischer T, et al. Cardiovascular adverse events by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: when the benefits outweigh the risks. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Nov;9(11):1479–92. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2016.1230495. PMID: 27575590. Exclusion: 8 [PubMed: 27575590] [CrossRef]

Zissis NP, Harmoussi S, Vlaikidis N, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of venlafaxine XR in out-patients with tension-type headache. Cephalalgia. 2007 Apr;27(4):315–24. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01300.x. PMID: 17346304. Exclusion: 4 [PubMed: 17346304] [CrossRef]

Zizic TM, Stevens MB, Sutton JD. Piroxicam in osteoarthritis: a controlled long-term study. Postgrad Med. 1983 May;Spec No:32–40. PMID: 6348718. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 6348718]

Zuccollo R, Mackinnon MJ, Fraser KM, et al. Oxaprozin and sulindac in rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind comparative trial. Curr Med Res Opin. 1983;8(5):302–9. doi: 10.1185/03007998309112388. PMID: 6340971. Exclusion: 2 [PubMed: 6340971] [CrossRef]

Zutshi DW, Stern D, Bloch M, et al. Ketoprofen: double-blind cross-over study with indomethacin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Rehabil. 1974 Feb;13(1):10–6. PMID: 4604659. Exclusion: 6 [PubMed: 4604659]