Contents

• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Contributors
• I. Clinical Demographics and Management
  • 1. Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma for Precision Personalized Care
    Naoto Fujiwara, Po-Hong Liu, Sai Krishna Athuluri-Divakar, Shijia Zhu, and Yujin Hoshida.
    Published online: August 6, 2019.
    • Introduction
    • Overview of HCC Prevention Strategies
    • Regular HCC Screening
    • Clinical Scores to Predict HCC Risk
    • Molecular Biomarkers to Predict HCC Risk
    • HCC Detection Modalities and Biomarkers for Regular HCC Screening
    • HCC Biomarker Development
    • Individual Risk-Based Tailored HCC Screening
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 2. Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance and Staging
    Amit G. Singal, Neehar D. Parikh, Nicole E. Rich, Binu V. John, and Anjana Pillai.
    Published online: August 6, 2019.
    • Introduction
    • HCC Surveillance
    • Benefits of HCC Surveillance
    • Harms of HCC Surveillance
    • Surveillance Tests
    • Surveillance Interval
    • Surveillance Utilization
    • HCC Surveillance Cost-Effectiveness
    • Staging
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • 3. Changing Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Role of Surveillance
    Yueran Zhuo, Qiushi Chen, and Jagpreet Chhatwal.
    Published online: August 6, 2019.
    • Introduction
    • HCC Incidence and Mortality Trends
    • Knowledge Gaps in HCC Surveillance
    • Significance of Mathematical Modeling for Surveillance of HCC
    • Cost-Effectiveness of HCC Surveillance by Etiology
    • Conclusions
    • References
• II. Diagnosis and Prognostication
  • 4. Radiological Diagnosis and Characterization of HCC
    Naik Vietti Violi, Sara Lewis, Stefanie Hectors, Daniela Said, and Bachir Taouli.
    Published online: August 6, 2019.
    • Introduction
    • Imaging Modalities
    • Imaging Characteristics
    • Quantitative Imaging in HCC
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • 5. Analysis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissue for Biomarker Discovery
    Connor A. West, Alyson P. Black, and Anand S. Mehta.
    Published online: August 6, 2019.
    • Introduction
    • Treatment Options
    • Current Detection Methods
    • Glycosylation and Biomarkers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    • Broad Tissue Analysis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    • HCC Tissue Proteomics
    • HCC Glycomics
    • Future Directions and Conclusions
    • References
  • 6. Molecular Subtypes and Genomic Signatures of Hepatocellular Carcinoma for Prognostication and Therapeutic Decision-Making
    Sung Hwan Lee, Sun Young Yim, Jae-Jun Shim, and Ju-Seog Lee.
    Published online: August 6, 2019.
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    • Molecular Profiling of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    • Prognostic Subtypes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Redefined by Supervised Approaches
    • Prognostic Subtypes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Uncovered by Unsupervised or Semi-supervised Approaches
    • Nontumor Genomic Signatures
    • Conclusion and Perspective
    • References
  • 7. Liquid Biopsy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Irun Bhan, Daniel A. Haber, Raymond T. Chung, and David T. Ting.
    Published online: August 6, 2019.
    • Introduction
    • Circulating Tumor Cells
    • Circulating Tumor DNA
    • Cell-Free Noncoding RNA
    • Extracellular Vesicles
    • Conclusions
    • References
• III. Treatment
  • 8. Surgical Therapies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Caitlin A. Hester and Adam C. Yopp.
    Published online: August 6, 2019.
    • Introduction
    • Staging Systems to Determine Patient Eligibility for Curative Treatment
    • Surgical Resection
    • Liver Transplantation
    • Comparison of Resection and Transplantation
    • References
  • 9. Interventional Radiologic Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Where We Began to Where We Are Going
    Patrick D. Sutphin, Daniel Lamus, Sanjeeva P. Kalva, Junjie Li, and Ian R. Corbin.
    Published online: August 6, 2019.
    • Introduction: Liver and Tumor Blood Supply
    • Physiologic Targeting Through the Hepatic Artery
    • Radioembolization
    • Innovations in Transarterial Therapies
    • Conclusion and Future Outlook
    • References
  • 10. Precision Locoregional Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Percutaneous Ablation and Radiotherapy
    Ryosuke Tateishi and Naoto Fujiwara.
    Published online: August 6, 2019.
    • Introduction
    • Percutaneous Ablation
    • Radiotherapy
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 11. Molecular-Targeted Therapies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Amit Mahipal, Anuhya Kommalapati, Rutika Mehta, and Richard D. Kim.
    Published online: August 6, 2019.
    • Introduction
    • Molecular Therapeutic Targets in HCC
    • Clinically Tested Molecular-Targeted Agents for HCC
    • Future Directions
    • References
  • 12. Immune Therapies
    Zachary J. Brown and Tim F. Greten.
    Published online: August 6, 2019.
    • Introduction
    • Tumor Antigens
    • Tumor Environment
    • Immunotherapies
    • Sensitivity and Resistance to Immune Therapies
    • Future Therapies
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • 13. Prevention Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Derek J. Erstad, Allen A. Razavi, Shen Li, Kenneth K. Tanabe, and Bryan C. Fuchs.
    Published online: August 6, 2019.
    • Rationale for HCC Prevention
    • Primary and Secondary Prevention Strategies
    • Tertiary Prevention
    • Conclusions and Future Directions
    • References
• IV. Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Discovery
  • 14. Molecular Alterations and Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Man Hsin Hung and Xin Wei Wang.
    Published online: August 6, 2019.
    • Introduction
    • Molecular Alterations of HCC
    • Intertumoral Heterogeneity in HCC
    • Intratumoral Heterogeneity in HCC
    • Stem Cell Feature and Heterogeneity in HCC
    • Immune Heterogeneity in HCC
    • Adapting Tumor Heterogeneity to Personalized Treatment in HCC
    • Conclusion
    • Acknowledgement
    • References
  • 15. Stromal and Immune Drivers of Hepatocarcinogenesis
    Antonio Saviano, Natascha Roehlen, Alessia Virzì, Armando Andres Roca Suarez, Yujin Hoshida, Joachim Lupberger, and Thomas F. Baumert.
    Published online: August 6, 2019.
    • Introduction
    • From Chronic Inflammation to Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    • Immune Cells in HCC Microenvironment
    • Stromal Cells Participate in HCC Development and Progression
    • Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in HCC
    • Clinical Perspectives
    • References
  • 16. Experimental Models for Preclinical Research in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Pedro Molina-Sánchez and Amaia Lujambio.
    Published online: August 6, 2019.
    • Introduction
    • In Vitro Models
    • In Vivo Models
    • Conclusions and Future Directions
    • References