Primary sources

Manuscripts

Durham County Record Office

1. D/DCNA – Durham County Nursing Association, records, 1918–81.
2. D/DCOA – Durham Coal Owners’ Association Records, 1872–1947.
3. D/DCOMPA – Durham Coal Owners’ Mutual Protection Association Records, 1897–1957.
4. D/DMA – National Union of Mineworkers, Durham Area Records, 1847–1948.

Glamorgan Archives

1. DBLI RH – Rhondda Institution for the Blind, 1920–87.
2. DPD – Powell Duffryn Ltd, Steam Coal Company Corporate, Financial and Production Records, 1802–1959.
3. DXEL – The Rest Convalescence Home, Porthcawl Records, 1862–2003.

Gwent Archives

1. CSW.BG.B – Bedwellty Board of Guardians Records, 1849–1930.
2. CSW.BG.P – Pontypool Board of Guardians Records, 1836–1930.
3. D.2472 – Ebbw Vale Workmen’s Medical Society Records, 1896–1971.
4. D.914 – Ebbw Vale Workmen’s Medical Society Records, 1905–46.
5. D.3246 – Tredegar Workmen’s Medical Aid Society Records, 1873–1995.

The National Archives, Kew, London

1. BT 189 – Board of Trade: Coal Controllers Advisory Board Minutes, 1917–20.
2. BX 3 – Coal Industry Social Welfare Organisation: Miscellania, 1921–58.
3. COAL 43 – National Coal Board: Medical Department: Papers, 1947–87.
4. FS 15, 28 – Registry of Friendly Societies, 1787–1965.
5. PIN 12 – Home Office and Ministry of National Insurance and its Successors, Workmen’s Compensation, Correspondence and Papers 1900–79.
6. POWE 1 – Miners’ Welfare Committee and Commission 1921–52.
7. POWE 10 – Ministry of Power and predecessors and successors: Establishments Division: Correspondence and Papers, 1887–1973.

National Archives of Scotland, Edinburgh

1. CB 19 – Scottish Workers’ Compensation Scheme, Directors’ Minute Books, 1912–14.
2. FS 4 – Friendly Societies, 3rd Series.
3. SC 21 – Dunfermline Sheriff Court, 1811–1984.
4. SC 67 – Stirling Sheriff Court, 1605–1989.

National Library of Scotland

1. ACC 4312 – Minute Books of the National Union of Mineworkers, Lothians Area, 1894–1946.
2. DEP 304 – Fife and Kinross Miners Association Minutes, 1901–13.

NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Archives

1. HB 47 – Glasgow Ophthalmic Institution, minutes, registers, reports, 1870–1967.

North East Mining Archive and Research Centre

1. NUMDA – Durham Miners’ Association and National Union of Mineworkers, Durham Area.

Northumberland Archives

1. NRO 263 – Northumberland and Durham Coal Owners Association Records.

Richard Burton Archives, Swansea University

1. SWCC – South Wales Coalfield Collection.

Scottish Oral History Centre, Strathclyde University

1. SOH 6 – Coal Mining Oral History Project, 1999.

South Wales Miners Library, Swansea University

1. AUD – Oral History collection, 1910–80.

Tyne and Wear Archives Service

1. CH/MPR – Northumberland and Durham Miners Permanent Relief Fund Friendly Society Records, 1862–1995.
2. HO/SRI – Sunderland Royal Infirmary Records, 1800–1973.

West Glamorgan Archives Service

1. D/D SHF – Ladies Samaritan Fund, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, Minutes, Accounts, Reports and Correspondence, 1909–86.

Newspapers and periodicals

1. Aberdare Times.
2. Amman Valley Chronicle.
3. British Medical Journal.
4. The Cambrian.
5. Cardiff Times.
6. Colliery Guardian.
7. Colliery Workers’ Magazine.
8. Y Darian.
9. Evening Express.
10. Evening Telegraph.
11. Glasgow Herald.
12. Y Goleuad.
13. Y Gwladgarwr.
14. Labour Woman.
15. The Miner.
16. Monmouth Guardian.
17. Morpeth Herald.
18. The Newcastle Courant.
19. Northern Echo.
20. Picture Post.
21. Scottish Medical Journal.
22. South Wales Daily Post.
23. The Times.

UK statutes

1. Employers’ Liability Act, 1880.
2. Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1897.
3. Blind Persons Act, 1920.
4. Disabled Persons (Employment) Act, 1944.

Other published sources

1. Aaron, Jane and Ursula Masson (eds), The Very Salt of Life: Welsh Women’s Political Writings from Chartism to Suffrage (Dinas Powys: Honno, 2007).
2. Andrews, Elizabeth, A Woman’s Work Is Never Done: Being the Recollections of a Childhood and Upbringing amongst the South Wales Miners and a Lifetime of Service to the Labour Movement in Wales (Rhondda: Cymric Democrat Publishing Society, 1957).
3. Barnett, Henry Norman, Accidental Injuries to Workmen, with Reference to Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1906. With Article on Injuries to the Organs of Special Sense (London: Rebman, 1909).
4. Campbell, George L., Miners’ Insurance Funds: Their Origin and Extent (London, 1880).
5. Campbell, George L., Miners’ Thrift and Employers’ Liability (Wigan: Strowger and Son, 1891).
6. Campbell, Janet M., Maternal Mortality (London: HMSO, 1924).
7. Chaplin, Sid, The Leaping Lad and Other Stories, edited by Geoffrey Halson (Harlow: Longman Group Ltd, 1970 [1946]).
8. Chaplin, Sid, The Thin Seam (London: Phoenix House, 1950).
9. Chelmsford, Viscount, The Miners’ Welfare Fund (London: HMSO, 1927).
10. Coombes, B. L., These Poor Hands: The Autobiography of a Miner working in South Wales, with an Introduction by Bill Jones and Chris Williams (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2002 [1939]).
11. Coombes, B. L., I Am A Miner (London: Fact, 1939).
12. Coombes, B. L., Those Clouded Hills (London: Cobbett Publishing Co., 1944).
13. Coombes, B. L., Miners Day (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1945).
14. Corrie, Joe, Black Earth (London: Routledge, 1939).
15. Corrie, Joe, Plays Poems and Theatre Writings, edited by Linda MacKenney (Edinburgh: 7:84 Publications, 1985).
16. Cronin, A. J., The Stars Look Down (London: New English Library, 1978 [1935]).
17. Cronin, A. J., The Citadel (London: Vista, 1996 [1937]).
18. Cronin, A. J., Adventures in Two Worlds (London: Victor Gollancz, 1952).
19. Davies, Idris, Gwalia Deserta (London: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd., 1938).
20. Davies, Idris, The Complete Poems of Idris Davies, edited by Dafydd Johnston (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1994).
21. Davies, Rhys, A Time to Laugh (Cardigan: Parthian, 2014 [1937]).
22. Davies, Rhys, Jubilee Blues (London: Heinemann, 1938).
23. Davies, Rhys, Collected Stories: Volume I, edited by Meic Stephens (Llandysul: Gomer Press, 1996).
24. Davies, Rhys, Collected Stories: Volume II, edited by Meic Stephens (Llandysul: Gomer Press, 1996).
25. Dodds, Ruth, The Pitman’s Pay: A Historical Play in Four Acts (London: The Labour Publishing Company, 1923).
26. Francis, J. O., Change: A Glamorgan Play in Four Acts (4th edn) (London and Cardiff: Samuel French, 1920 [1913]).
27. Gilmore, Hugh, The Black Diamond (London: Thomas Mitchell Primitive Methodist Publishing House, 1880).
28. Grant, J. C., The Back-to-Backs (London: Chatto and Windus, 1930).
29. Guthrie, Ramsay, Kitty Fagan: A Romance of Pit Life (London: Christian Commonwealth Publishing, 1900).
30. Guthrie, Ramsay, Black Dyke (London: Charles H. Kelly, 1904).
31. Hanlin, Tom, Once in Every Lifetime (New York: The Viking Press, 1945).
32. Hanlin, Tom, Yesterday Will Return (New York: The Viking Press, 1946).
33. Hanlin, Tom, Miracle at Cardenrigg (New York: Random House, 1949).
34. Heslop, Harold, The Gate of a Strange Field (London: Brentano, 1929).
35. Heslop, Harold, Goaf (London: The Fortune Press, 1934).
36. Heslop, Harold, Last Cage Down (London: Lawrence Wishart Books, 1984 [1935]).
37. Heslop, Harold, The Earth Beneath (London: T. V. Boardman, 1946).
38. Horner, Arthur, Incorrigible Rebel (London: McGibbon & Kee, 1960).
39. Hugh-Jones, Philip and C. M. Fletcher, The Social Consequences of Pneumoconiosis among Coalminers in South Wales (London: HMSO, 1951). [PubMed: 14862600]
40. Hughes, T. Rowland, William Jones (Llandysul: Gwasg Gomer, 1991 [1944]).
41. Hughes, T. Rowland, trans. Richard Ruck, William Jones (Aberystwyth: Gwasg Aberystwyth, 1953).
42. Jones, Glyn, The Collected Poems of Glyn Jones, edited by Meic Stephens (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1996).
43. Jones, Glyn, The Collected Stories of Glyn Jones, edited by Tony Brown (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1999).
44. Jones, Gwyn, Times Like These (London: Victor Gollancz, 1979 [1936]).
45. Jones, Jack, Rhondda Roundabout (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1949 [1934]).
46. Jones, Jack, Black Parade (Cardigan: Parthian, 2009 [1935]).
47. Jones, Jack, Unfinished Journey (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1937).
48. Jones, Jack, Bidden to the Feast (London: Corgi Books, 1968 [1938]).
49. Jones, Lewis, Cwmardy and We Live (Cardigan: Parthian, 2006 [1937 and 1939]).
50. Keating, Joseph, Son of Judith (London: George Allen, 1900).
51. Keating, Joseph, My Struggle for Life: With an Introduction by Paul O’Leary (Dublin: University College Dublin Press, 2005 [1916]).
52. Lawson, Jack, Under the Wheels (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1934).
53. Lawson, Jack, A Man’s Life, Black Jacket edn (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1944).
54. Lindsay, Harry, Rhoda Roberts: A Welsh Mining Story (London: Chatto and Windus, 1895).
55. Llewellyn, Richard, How Green Was My Valley (London: Penguin Books, 1991 [1939]).
56. Lloyd, Ellis, Scarlet Nest (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1919).
57. McLeod, Robert, Robert McLeod: Cowdenbeath Miner Poet, An Anthology by Arthur Nevay, edited by Margaret Bennett (Fife: Grace Not Publications, 2015).
58. Medical Research Council, ‘Chronic Pulmonary Disease in South Wales Coalminers’, Medical Studies, 1942.
59. Miners’ Welfare Commission, Mining People (London: HMSO, 1945).
60. Miners’ Welfare Commission, Miners’ Welfare in War-Time: Report of the Miners’ Welfare Commission for 6 ½ years to June 30th 1946 (London: HMSO, 1946).
61. Orwell, George, The Road to Wigan Pier, New Ed (London: Penguin Classics, 2001 [1937]).
62. Raine, Allen, A Welsh Witch: A Romance of Rough Places (London: Hutchinson & Co., 1902).
63. Rice, Margery Spring, Working-Class Wives: Their Health and Conditions (London: Virago, 1989 [1939]).
64. Rhys, Ernest, Black Horse Pit (London: Robert Holden, 1925).
65. Rosen, George, The History of Miners’ Diseases : A Medical and Social Interpretation (New York: Schuman’s, 1943).
66. Swan, John, The Mad Miner (London: Houghton, 1933).
67. Thomas, Gwyn, The Dark Philosophers (Cardigan: Parthian, 2006 [1946]).
68. Thomas, Gwyn, Where Did I Put My Pity? (London: Progress, 1946).
69. Thomas, Gwyn, Sorrow for Thy Sons (London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1986).
70. Thomson, Robert Tickell, The Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1897. A Plea for Revision (London: Effingham Wilson, 1901).
71. Welsh, James C., The Underworld: The Story of Robert Sinclair, Miner (London: Herbert Jenkins, 1920).
72. Welsh, James C., The King and the Miner: A Contrast (London: ILP Publication Department, 1923).
73. Welsh, James C., The Morlocks (London: Herbert Jenkins, 1924).
74. Wilkinson, Ellen, The Town that Was Murdered (London: Victor Gollancz Ltd, 1939).
75. Williams, Emlyn, The Corn is Green: A Comedy in Three Acts (London: Heinemann, 1956 [1938]).
76. Williams, Enid M., The Health of Old and Retired Miners in South Wales (Cardiff: University of Wales Press Board, 1933).
77. Wilson, Arnold Talbot and Hermann Levy, Workmen’s Compensation (London: Oxford University Press, 1939).

Online collections

1. The British Newspaper Archive, http://www​.britishnewspaperarchive​.co.uk/.
2. Hansard, 1803–2005, http://hansard​.millbanksystems.com/.
3. The Statistical Accounts of Scotland, 1791–1845, http://edina​.ac.uk//stat-acc-scot.
4. Turner, David, Steven Thompson, Kirsti Bohata, Vicky Long, Arthur McIvor, Mike Mantin, Daniel Blackie, Ben Curtis, Angela Turner, Victoria Brown, Alexandra Jones, Anne Borsay, Disability and Industrial Society, 1780–1948: A Comparative Cultural History of British Coalfields: Statistical Compendium, 10.5281/zenodo.183686. [CrossRef]
5. UK Parliamentary Papers (Proquest), http://parlipapers​.proquest.com/.
6. Welsh Newspapers Online, http://newspapers​.library.wales/.

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4. Benson, John, British Coalminers in the Nineteenth Century: A Social History (Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1980).
5. Benson, John, ‘Coalminers, Coalowners and Collaboration: The Miners’ Permanent Relief Fund Movement in England, 1860–1895’, Labour History Review, 68:2 (2003), pp. 181–94.
6. Benson, John (ed.), Coal in Victorian Britain (London: Pickering & Chatto, 2012).
7. Berger, Stefan, ‘Working-Class Culture and the Labour Movement in the South Wales and Ruhr Coalfields, 1850–2000: A Comparison’, Llafur, 8:2 (2001), pp. 5–40.
8. Berger, Stefan, Andy Croll and Norman LaPorte (eds), Towards a Comparative History of Coalfield Societies (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005).
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12. Borsay, Anne, Disability and Social Policy in Britain since 1750: A History of Exclusion (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005).
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14. Bruley, Sue, The Women and Men of 1926: A Gender and Social History of the General Strike and Miners’ Lockout in South Wales (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2010).
15. Bruley, Sue, ‘The General Strike and Miners’ Lockout of 1926 in South Wales: Oral Testimony and Public Representations’, Welsh History Review, 26 (2012), pp. 271–96.
16. Bufton, Mark W. and Joseph Melling, ‘“A Mere Matter of Rock”: Organized Labour, Scientific Evidence and British Government Schemes for Compensation of Silicosis and Pneumoconiosis among Coalminers, 1926–1940’, Medical History, 49:2 (2005), pp. 155–78. [PMC free article: PMC1088217] [PubMed: 15895754]
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34. Dixon, Michael J., ‘The Epic Rhondda: Romanticism and Realism in the Rhondda Trilogy’, in Meic Stephens (ed.), Rhys Davies: Decoding the Hare (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2001), pp. 40–53.
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63. Jameson, Fredric, The Antinomies of Realism (London and New York: Verso Books, 2015 [2013]).
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