Table 2Characteristics of Included Systematic Reviews

First Author, Publication Year, Country, FundingObjectives, Types and Numbers of Primary Studies Included, Quality Assessment Tool, Databases and Search Date, AnalysisCharacteristicsInterventions and ComparisonsOutcomes

Mankowitz et al., 20189

USA

Funding: Not reported

Objectives: To determine the safety and effectiveness of ketamine for rapid sedation of agitated patients in the pre-hospital and emergency department settings.

18 observational studies included (retrospective, case series)

Study quality was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS).

Literature searches were conducted in 14 databases (submitted to Prospero).

Search date: From inception to January, February, or May 2018

Analysis: Proportional meta-analysis to quantitatively analyze non-comparative series, which does not produce relative association measures such as odds ratios or relative risks, but can give estimates of event rates.

Settings:

  • Pre-hospital
    –

    Paramedic ground transport

    –

    Air medical transport

  • Emergency department

Participants presented with undifferentiated agitation

Interventions: IM or IV ketamine (4.9 ± 2.4 mg/kg IM or 0.94 ± 0.74 mg/kg IV)

Comparisons: Few studies have comparators. Some used antipsychotics and benzodiazepines
  • Dosage
  • Effectiveness of ketamine (Time to adequate sedation)
  • Adverse effects
  • Endotracheal intubation

IM = intramuscular; IV = intravenous

From: Ketamine for Pharmacological Management of Aggression and Agitation in Pre-Hospital Settings: A Review of Comparative Clinical Effectiveness, Safety and Guidelines

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Ketamine for Pharmacological Management of Aggression and Agitation in Pre-Hospital Settings: A Review of Comparative Clinical Effectiveness, Safety and Guidelines [Internet].
Tran K, Mierzwinski-Urban M.
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