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Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation
Roland N. Pittman.
ABSTRACT
This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 in their vicinity falls to a critical level of about 1 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2. In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.
Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The Circulatory System and Oxygen Transport
- 3. The Respiratory System and Oxygen Transport
- 4. Oxygen Transport
- 5. Chemical Regulation of Respiration
- 6. Tissue Gas Transport
- 7. Oxygen Transport in Normal and Pathological Situations: Defects and Compensations
- 8. Matching Oxygen Supply to Oxygen Demand
- 9. Exercise and Hemorrhage
- 10. Measurement of Oxygen
- 11. Summary
- REFERENCES
- Author Biography
- NLM CatalogRelated NLM Catalog Entries
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- A dynamic model of oxygen transport from capillaries to tissue with moving red blood cells.[Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physio...]A dynamic model of oxygen transport from capillaries to tissue with moving red blood cells.Lücker A, Weber B, Jenny P. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2015 Feb 1; 308(3):H206-16. Epub 2014 Nov 14.
- Review Oxygen supply to contracting skeletal muscle at the microcirculatory level: diffusion vs. convection.[Acta Physiol Scand. 2000]Review Oxygen supply to contracting skeletal muscle at the microcirculatory level: diffusion vs. convection.Pittman RN. Acta Physiol Scand. 2000 Apr; 168(4):593-602.
- Review Fundamental structural aspects and features in the bioengineering of the gas exchangers: comparative perspectives.[Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. 2002]Review Fundamental structural aspects and features in the bioengineering of the gas exchangers: comparative perspectives.Maina JN. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. 2002; 163:III-XII, 1-108.
- Review Oxygen transport in the microcirculation and its regulation.[Microcirculation. 2013]Review Oxygen transport in the microcirculation and its regulation.Pittman RN. Microcirculation. 2013 Feb; 20(2):117-37.
- Regulation of Tissue OxygenationRegulation of Tissue Oxygenation
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