Parkinson’s disease is an increasingly common neurodegenerative condition, which causes not only dysfunction of movement but also a broad range of nonmotor features, including mood disturbance, sleep dysfunction, autonomic dysfunction, cognitive deficits, dementia, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. A major conundrum in this condition is understanding its striking clinical variability, which encompasses a spectrum from a benign phenotype with levodopa-responsive symptoms and minimal progression, to a malignant phenotype with rapid progression to severe gait dysfunction, falls and dementia. This book integrates the considerable expertise of a range of authors from different disciplines, from clinicians through to basic scientists, to present a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of Parkinson’s disease. In recent years, we have made significant progress in understanding the pathological and genetic basis of Parkinson’s disease and its heterogeneous forms, and the first section of the book is dedicated to reviewing this. The variable clinical features of Parkinson’s disease and its differential diagnosis are then considered. The final section provides a detailed overview of treatment approaches, including not only pharmacological therapies but also surgical therapies including deep brain stimulation and cell transplantation strategies. The combination of basic biology, clinical knowledge and therapeutics gives this book a very broad appeal. It will be of value to clinicians and health professionals caring for patients with Parkinson’s disease, as well as providing an excellent introduction for junior researchers entering the field.

Contents

• Foreword
• Preface
• Contributors
• Section I. Pathology
  • 1. Parkinson’s Disease: Etiology, Neuropathology, and Pathogenesis
    Antonina Kouli, Kelli M. Torsney, and Wei-Li Kuan.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • CLINICAL FEATURES
    • ETIOLOGY
    • NEUROPATHOLOGY OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE
    • PATHOGENESIS OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE
    • CONCLUSION
    • REFERENCES
  • 2. Immunogenetics of Parkinson’s Disease
    Itzia Jimenez-Ferrer and Maria Swanberg.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • ETIOLOGY OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE
    • IMMUNOGENETICS OF MONOGENIC PD
    • IMMUNOGENETICS OF IDIOPATHIC PD
    • ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING IMMUNOGENETICS IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE
    • CONCLUSION
    • REFERENCES
  • 3. Pathological Mechanisms and Clinical Aspects of GBA1 Mutation-Associated Parkinson’s Disease
    Thomas Benjamin Stoker, Kelli Majella Torsney, and Roger A. Barker.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • THE GBA1 GENE AND GLUCOCEREBROSIDASE
    • GBA1 MUTATIONS AND GAUCHER DISEASE
    • ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GBA1 MUTATION AND PARKINSON’S DISEASE
    • PATHOGENIC MECHANISMS
    • CLINICAL ASPECTS OF GBA1 MUTATION-ASSOCIATED PD
    • THERAPEUTIC PROSPECTS AND IMPLICATIONS
    • CONCLUSION
    • REFERENCES
  • 4. Apoptosis and its Role in Parkinson’s Disease
    Nour S. Erekat.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • APOPTOSIS
    • APOPTOSIS IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE
    • THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS
    • CONCLUSION
    • REFERENCES
  • 5. Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease
    Elena A. Konnova and Maria Swanberg.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • SPECIES-SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS
    • NEUROTOXIC MODELS
    • GENETIC MODELS
    • CONCLUSION
    • REFERENCES
• Section II. Diagnosis and Management
  • 6. The Differential Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease
    Julia C. Greenland and Roger A. Barker.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • THE DIAGNOSIS OF IDIOPATHIC PARKINSON’S DISEASE
    • OTHER NEURODEGENERATIVE CAUSES OF PARKINSONISM
    • SECONDARY CAUSES OF PARKINSONISM
    • GENETIC CAUSES OF PARKINSONISM
    • TREMOR DISORDERS
    • NON-NEUROLOGICAL DIFFERENTIALS OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE
    • CONCLUSION
    • REFERENCES
  • 7. Pharmacological Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
    Insha Zahoor, Amrina Shafi, and Ehtishamul Haq.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • DOPAMINE BIOSYNTHESIS AND METABOLISM
    • CURRENT TREATMENTS
    • EMERGING TREATMENTS
    • CONCLUSION
    • REFERENCES
  • 8. Considerations for Patient and Target Selection in Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery for Parkinson’s Disease
    Robert F. Dallapiazza, Philippe De Vloo, Anton Fomenko, Darrin J. Lee, Clement Hamani, Renato P. Munhoz, Mojgan Hodaie, Andres M. Lozano, Alfonso Fasano, and Suneil K. Kalia.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • PATIENT SELECTION
    • SURGICAL PROCEDURE
    • SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS
    • GLOBUS PALLIDUS INTERNUS
    • COMPARISON OF STN AND GPi DBS
    • VENTRALIS INTERMEDIATE NUCLEUS AND PEDUNCULOPONTINE NUCLEUS
    • CONCLUSION
    • REFERENCES
  • 9. Stem Cell Treatments for Parkinson’s Disease
    Thomas Benjamin Stoker.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • RATIONALE FOR CELL-BASED THERAPIES FOR PARKINSON’S DISEASE
    • HISTORY OF CELL-BASED THERAPIES FOR PARKINSON’S DISEASE
    • STEM CELL-BASED APPROACHES
    • DISADVANTAGES OF STEM CELL APPROACHES
    • STEM CELL TREATMENTS IN THE FUTURE OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE MANAGEMENT
    • CONCLUSION
    • REFERENCES

Parkinson’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects

ISBN: 978-0-9944381-6-4

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/codonpublications.parkinsonsdisease.2018

Edited by

Thomas B. Stoker, BA, MB BChir, MRCP UK and Julia C. Greenland, MCRP, MRes

John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK

Published by

Codon Publications

Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia

Copyright© 2018 Codon Publications

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First Published in December 2018

Printed in Australia

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