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WHO Housing and Health Guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.

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WHO Housing and Health Guidelines.

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Table 3.1Measures of crowding

UN-Habitat
Overcrowding occurs if there are more than three people per habitable room (88).
American Crowding Index
Crowding occurs if there is more than one person per room; severe crowding occurs if there are more than 1.5 persons per room (excluding bathrooms, balconies, porches, foyers, hall-ways and half-rooms) (89).
Argentinian National Institute of Statistics and Censuses
Overcrowding represents the quotient between the total number of people in the home and the total number of rooms or pieces of the same (90).
Households with critical overcrowding are considered those with more than three people per room (excluding the kitchen and bathroom) (91).
Canadian National Occupancy Standard
Overcrowding occurs if extra bedrooms are required to ensure that each of the following have their own bedroom:
  • cohabiting adult couple
  • lone parent
  • unattached household member aged 18 years or over
  • same sex pair of children aged under 18 years
  • each additional boy or girl in the household (unless there are two opposite sex children under 5 years, in which case they can share a bedroom) (75).
British Bedroom Standard
Overcrowding occurs if extra bedrooms are required to ensure that each of the following have their own bedroom:
  • cohabiting adult couple
  • person aged over 21 years
  • same sex pair of children aged 10–20 years
  • two children aged less than 10 years
  • two children where one is aged 10–20 and one is aged less than 10 years
  • any other person aged under 21 years that is not paired under one of the preceding categories (76).
Eurostat
Overcrowding occurs if the household does not have at its disposal a minimum number of rooms equal to:
  • one room for the household
  • one room per couple in the household
  • one room for each single person aged 18 years or more
  • one room per pair of single people of the same gender between 12–17 years
  • one room for each single person between 12–17 years and not included in the previous category
  • one room per pair of children under 12 years (74).

From: 3, Household crowding

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