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Office of the Surgeon General (US); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); Office on Women's Health (US). The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding. Rockville (MD): Office of the Surgeon General (US); 2011.
Table 1Excess Health Risks Associated with Not Breastfeeding
| Outcome | Excess Risk* (%) |
|---|---|
| Among full-term infants | |
| Acute ear infection (otitis media)2 | 100 |
| Eczema (atopic dermatitis)11 | 47 |
| Diarrhea and vomiting (gastrointestinal infection)3 | 178 |
| Hospitalization for lower respiratory tract diseases in the first year4 | 257 |
| Asthma, with family history2 | 67 |
| Asthma, no family history2 | 35 |
| Childhood obesity7 | 32 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus6 | 64 |
| Acute lymphocytic leukemia2 | 23 |
| Acute myelogenous leukemia5 | 18 |
| Sudden infant death syndrome2 | 56 |
| Among preterm infants | |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis2 | 138 |
| Among mothers | |
| Breast cancer8 | 4 |
| Ovarian cancer2 | 27 |
- *
The excess risk is approximated by using the odds ratios reported in the referenced studies. Further details are provided in Appendix 2.
- Table 1, Excess Health Risks Associated with Not Breastfeeding - The Surgeon Gen...Table 1, Excess Health Risks Associated with Not Breastfeeding - The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding
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