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Office of the Surgeon General (US); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); Office on Women's Health (US). The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding. Rockville (MD): Office of the Surgeon General (US); 2011.
| Outcome | Excess Risk* (%)(95% CI†) | Comparison Groups |
|---|---|---|
| Among full-term infants | ||
| Acute ear infections (otitis media)2 | 100 (56, 233) | EFF‡ vs. EBF§ for 3 or 6 mos |
| Eczema (atopic dermatitis)11 | 47 (14, 92) | EBF <3 mos vs. EBF ≥3 mos |
| Diarrhea and vomiting (gastrointestinal infection)3 | 178 (144, 213) | Never BF¶ vs. ever BF |
| Hospitalization for lower respiratory tract diseases in the first year4 | 257 (85, 614) | Never BF vs. EBF ≥4 mos |
| Asthma, with family history2 | 67 (22, 133) | BF <3 mos vs. ≥3 mos |
| Asthma, no family history2 | 35 (9, 67) | BF <3 mos vs. ≥3 mos |
| Childhood obesity7 | 32 (16, 49) | Never BF vs. ever BF |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus6 | 64 (18, 127) | Never BF vs. ever BF |
| Acute lymphocytic leukemia2 | 23 (10, 41) | Never BF vs. >6 mos |
| Acute myelogenous leukemia5 | 18 (2, 37) | Never BF vs. >6 mos |
| Sudden infant death syndrome2 | 56 (23, 96) | Never BF vs. ever BF |
| Among preterm infants | ||
| Necrotizing enterocolitis2 | 138 (22, 2400) | Never BF vs. ever BF |
| Among mothers | ||
| Breast cancer8 | 4 (3, 6) | Never BF vs. ever BF (per year of breastfeeding) |
| Ovarian cancer2 | 27 (10, 47) | Never BF vs. ever BF |
- *
The excess risk is approximated by using the odds ratios reported in the referenced studies.
- †
CI = confidence interval.
- ‡
EFF = exclusive formula feeding.
- §
EBF = exclusive breastfeeding.
- ¶
BF = breastfeeding.
- Excess Health Risks Associated with Not Breastfeeding - The Surgeon General's Ca...Excess Health Risks Associated with Not Breastfeeding - The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding
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