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Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level.
The exact role and regulation of magnesium in particular remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system actvity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism.
There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration.
This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesium’s involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behaviour.
It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesium’s role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.
Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- Section 1. Magnesium in the Normal Brain
- Free magnesium concentration in the human brainStefano Iotti and Email Malucelli.
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Building a calibration curve for the [Mg2+] determination in human brain by 31P MRS
- Cytosolic [Mg2+] in human brain
- Brain [Mg2+] in mitochondrial cytopathies
- Brain [Mg2+] in different types of migraine and cluster headache
- Brain [Mg2+] in the differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Intracellular magnesium homeostasisAndrea M.P. Romani.
- Magnesium transport across the blood-brain barriersMounir N. Ghabriel and Robert Vink.
- Intracellular free Mg2+ and MgATP2- in coordinate control of protein synthesis and cell proliferationHarry Rubin.
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Changes in total and free Mg2+ after stimulation of cells with mitogens
- Correlations between cellular Mg2+, protein synthesis and the onset of DNA synthesis
- Response of protein synthesis in frog oocytes to injection of Mg2+ resembles that of stimulation by gonadotropin
- Role of Mg2+ in regulating uridine uptake
- Molecular studies of Mg2+ regulation in lymphocytes
- Loss of Mg2+ regulation in neoplastically transformed cells
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Magnesium and the Yin-Yang interplay in apoptosisValentina Trapani, Lucia Mastrototaro, and Federica I. Wolf.
- Brain free magnesium homeostasis as a target for reducing cognitive agingJean-Marie Billard.
- Free magnesium concentration in the human brain
- Section 2. Magnesium in Neurological Diseases
- The role of magnesium therapy in learning and memoryMichael R. Hoane.
- Magnesium in headacheLisa A. Yablon and Alexander Mauskop.
- The role of magnesium in edema and blood brain barrier disruptionMehmet Kaya and Bulent Ahishali.
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Brain edema and magnesium
- Blood-brain barrier, magnesium and traumatic brain injury
- Blood-brain barrier, magnesium and seizures
- Blood-brain barrier, magnesium and sepsis
- Blood-brain barrier, magnesium and brain hypoxia/ischemia
- Blood-brain barrier, magnesium and ethanol
- Blood-brain barrier, magnesium and hydrocephalus
- Conclusion
- References
- Magnesium and hearing lossIsabelle Sendowski, Xavier Holy, Florent Raffin, and Yves Cazals.
- The role of magnesium in painHyo-Seok Na, Jung-Hee Ryu, and Sang-Hwan Do.
- The role of magnesium in CNS injuryNaomi L. Cook, Frances Corrigan, and Corinna van den Heuvel.
- The use of magnesium in experimental cerebral ischemiaBruno P. Meloni, Kym Campbell, and Neville W. Knuckey.
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Efficacy of magnesium treatment in models of focal cerebral ischemia
- Efficacy of magnesium treatment in models of global (forebrain) cerebral ischemia
- Reasons for inconsistent results with magnesium following cerebral ischemia
- Future use of magnesium following stroke and cerebral ischemia
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Magnesium in subarachnoid haemorrhageWalter M. van den Bergh.
- Magnesium in clinical strokeJeffrey L. Saver and Sidney Starkman.
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Magnesium sulphate: a highly promising neuroprotective therapy for stroke
- Clinical trials of magnesium sulphate in diverse settings of acute cerebral ischemia
- Pilot clinical trials of magnesium sulfate in focal stroke
- IMAGES phase 3 trial
- The key variable of time and the prehospital strategy for magnesium sulphate
- References
- Magnesium and cancer: more questions than answersMarzia Leidi, Federica Wolf, and Jeanette A.M. Maier.
- Magnesium in Parkinson’s disease: an update in clinical and basic aspectsKiyomitsu Oyanagi and Tomoyo Hashimoto.
- The role of magnesium therapy in learning and memory
- Section 3. Involvement of Magnesium in Psychiatric Diseases
- Magnesium in Alzheimer’s diseaseDehau Chui, Zheng Chen, Jia Yu, Honglin Zhang, Weishan Wang, Yuetao Song, Huan Yang; Liang Zhou.
- Magnesium and stressMagdalena D. Cuciureanu and Robert Vink.
- Magnesium in neuroses and neuroticismVictoria Papadopol and Mihai Nechifor.
- Magnesium, hyperactivity and autism in childrenMarianne Mousain-Bosc, Christian Siatka, and Jean-Pierre Bali.
- Magnesium in psychoses (schizophrenia and bipolar disorders)Mihai Nechifor.
- Magnesium and major depressionGeorge A. Eby, Karen L. Eby, and Harald Murk.
- Abstract
- Incidence of major depression
- Increasing incidence of depression
- Classical depression treatments
- Treatment-resistant depression
- Markers and risk factors of major depression
- Biological markers of depression or depression- vulnerability
- Changes in dietary magnesium
- Regulation of brain magnesium
- Changes of serum magnesium in major depression
- Functional impact of magnesium
- Monoaminergic systems and magnesium
- Glutamatergic system and magnesium
- Stress hormone systems (HPA and RAAS) and magnesium
- Inflammatory system and magnesium
- Magnesium in animal and human research
- Animal Models and magnesium
- Human studies and magnesium
- Adverse effect of calcium in depression
- Biomarkers of magnesium and magnesium- related functions
- Recommendations concerning magnesium- supplementation
- Future clinical research
- Impediments to success and precautions
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Magnesium in drug abuse and addictionMihai Nechifor.
- Magnesium in Alzheimer’s disease
ISBN (electronic) 978‐0‐9870730‐5‐1
ISBN (paperback) 978‐0‐9870730‐6‐8
Published by
University of Adelaide Press
Barr Smith Library
THe University of Adelaide
South Australia
5005
press@adelaide.edu.au
www.adelaide.edu.au/press
Copyright© 2011 The Authors
This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission. Address all inquiries to the Director at the above address.
Book design: Robert Vink
Cover design: Emma Spoehr. Photograph with permission, istockphoto.com
Paperback printed by Griffin Press, South Australia
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- Macromolecular crowding: chemistry and physics meet biology (Ascona, Switzerland, 10-14 June 2012).[Phys Biol. 2013]Macromolecular crowding: chemistry and physics meet biology (Ascona, Switzerland, 10-14 June 2012).Foffi G, Pastore A, Piazza F, Temussi PA. Phys Biol. 2013 Aug; 10(4):040301. Epub 2013 Aug 2.
- Review Magnesium and stress.[Magnesium in the Central Nervo...]Review Magnesium and stress.Cuciureanu MD, Vink R. Magnesium in the Central Nervous System. 2011
- Magnesium and the Athlete.[Curr Sports Med Rep. 2015]Magnesium and the Athlete.Volpe SL. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2015 Jul-Aug; 14(4):279-83.
- Acth-induced model of depression resistant to tricyclic antidepressants: Neuroendocrine and behavioral changes and influence of long-term magnesium administration.[Horm Behav. 2018]Acth-induced model of depression resistant to tricyclic antidepressants: Neuroendocrine and behavioral changes and influence of long-term magnesium administration.Petrović J, Stanić D, Bulat Z, Puškaš N, Labudović-Borović M, Batinić B, Mirković D, Ignjatović S, Pešić V. Horm Behav. 2018 Sep; 105:1-10. Epub 2018 Jul 19.
- Magnesium in the Central Nervous SystemMagnesium in the Central Nervous System
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