Standardised mean differences of each treatment compared with standard care for the analysis including better-quality studies. Numbers in parentheses indicate the numbers of studies. ACU, acupuncture; AE EX, aerobic exercise; BAL, balneotherapy; MU EX, muscle-strengthening exercise; NO TREAT, no intervention; SH ACU, sham acupuncture; TAI, t’ai chi; WEI, weight loss.