Table 77.1Classification of Sleep Disorders

  1. Insomnias: Disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep
    1. Psychophysiologic–situational or persistent
    2. Associated with psychiatric disorders, particularly affective disorders
    3. Associated with drugs and alcohol
      1. Tolerance to or withdrawal from CNS depressants
      2. Sustained use of CNS stimulants
      3. Sustained use of or withdrawal from other drugs
      4. Chronic alcoholism
    4. Associated with sleep-induced respiratory impairment
      1. Sleep apnea syndrome
      2. Alveolar hypoventilation syndrome
    5. Associated with sleep-related (nocturnal) myoclonus and "restless legs"
    6. Miscellaneous—other medical, toxic, or environmental conditions
  2. Hypersomnias: Disorders of excessive somnolence
    1. Psychophysiologic—situational or persistent
    2. Associated with psychiatric disorders, particularly affective disorders
    3. Associated with drugs and alcohol
    4. Associated with sleep-induced respiratory impairment (as in D above)
    5. Narcolepsy—cataplexy
    6. Miscellaneous—other medical, toxic, environmental, or idiopathic conditions
  3. Disorders of the sleep–wake schedule
    1. Transient—jet lag, work shift
    2. Persistent
      1. Delayed sleep phase syndrome
      2. Advanced sleep phase syndrome
      3. Non-24-hour sleep–wake syndrome
  4. IV. Parasomnias: Dysfunctions associated with sleep, sleep stages, or partial arousal
    1. Sleepwalking
    2. Sleep terrors and dream anxiety attacks
    3. Enuresis
    4. Nocturnal seizures
    5. Other sleep-related dysfunctions

From Schwartz WJ, Stakes JW, Martin JB. The sleep-wake cycle and disorders of sleep. In Braunwald et al., eds. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987. p. 111. Reproduced by permission.

From: Chapter 77, Sleep Disturbances

Cover of Clinical Methods
Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition.
Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors.
Boston: Butterworths; 1990.
Copyright © 1990, Butterworth Publishers, a division of Reed Publishing.

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