| Author
Year Country | Study Design | Reporting Mode | Timing of CAM Visit | Sample Size | Population | Clinical Presentation | Episode of Care | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies from the United States | ||||||||
| Fleming13 2007 U.S. | CS | FI | Past 12 months | 908 | Patients receiving opioids for chronic pain | 38.4% had chronic LBP (>3 months)
6.8% presented with chronic neck/upper back pain (>3 months) | Visit to practitioner | Of those who attended a D.C. for any complaint the average number of annual visits was 14.1 |
| Hawk26 1999 U.S. | CS | TI | Past 12 months | 1,511 | Respondents to a 1994 population-based survey | Neck and back pain that required that respondent missed work | Visit to practitioner | 44/103 (42.7%) attended a D.C. |
| Hurwitz14 2006 U.S. and Canada | CS | TI | Past 12 months | 595/5,183 (11.4%) | Respondents to a population health survey (Joint Canada/U.S. Survey of Health 2002-2003) | Neck or back problems responsible for difficulties with performing activities of daily living | Number of visits or contacts with various types of health professionals in the past 12 months | Results for U.S. only:
16.3% of respondents who saw a D.C. were for back or neck problems 9.1% of total sample |
| Jarvis36 1991 U.S. | Retro Rev | HRR | 12-month period | 3,062 from 7,551 files (40.6%) | Back injury claims | Various conditions | Visit to D.C. practitioner | D.C.s provided patients with an average of 12.9 treatments over an average of 54.5 days
Top 3 diagnoses were: sprain/strain lumbosacral spine (21.4%), sprain/strain cervical (15%) sprain/strain lumber (15%) |
| Wolsko12 2003 U.S. | CS | TI | Past 12 months | 644/2,055 (60%) | Individuals who have had neck or back pain in the past 12 months | 46% had pain in more than 1 location
38% had LBP only 16% had neck or upper back pain only | Use of CAM therapy or visit to CAM practitioner | 19.8% attended a D.C. in the
Mean number of visits 8.5 |
| Studies from outside the United States | ||||||||
| Cote131 Canada 2001 | CS | SAQ | Past 4 weeks | 2,184 in the sample
1,131(55%) participated 907/1,131 (80%) had back or neck pain | Health insurance and registration file | 100% had back and/or neck pain in the past 6 months | Visit to healthcare provider | 215/907 (24.7%) visited a healthcare provider in the past 4 weeks
28.8% saw a D.C. alone |
| Esmail117 2007 Canada Companion to Ramsay116 1999 Canada | CS | TI | Past 12 months | Second wave (Esmail): 2,000 respondents response rate 18.8%.
30% reported having back or neck problems | General adult population in Canada | 30% reported back or neck problems in the past 12 months | Use of a CAM therapy or visit with a practitioner who is not a medical doctor | 41% of respondents with back or neck pain had attended a CAM provider in the past 12 months, most commonly a D.C.
68% of all visits to D.C.s were for back and/or neck pain |
| Hurwitz14 2006 Canada and U.S. | CS | TI | Past 12 months | 448/3505 (12.8%) | Population health survey (Joint Canada/U.S. Survey of Health 2002-2003) who received any chiropractic care | Neck or back problems responsible for difficulties with performing ADL | Number of visits or contacts with various types of health professionals in the past 12 months | Results for Canada only:
20.1% of respondents who saw a D.C. were for back or neck problems 10.4% of total sample |
| Ramsay116 1999 Canada | CS | TI | Past 12 months | 1,500 | Survey of randomly selected Canadian adults | 30% reported back or neck problems in the past 12 months | Use of CAM therapy or visit with a practitioner who is not an M.D. | 11% with back or neck problems in the past 12 months attended an alternative provider, most commonly a chiropractor |
Abbreviations: AD = administrative database; ADL = Activities of Daily Living; CLBP = Chronic low back pain; CS = Cross-sectional; D.C. = Doctor of Chiropractic; HRR = Health Records Review; SAQ = Self-administered questionnaire; SGPS = Single group prospective study; TI = Telephone interview
From: 3, Results
NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.