Table 8.1Clinical Findings and Final Classification in Studies on Integrated Management of Fevers

Level of health care
Health facilities (outpatients)Community health workers (children < 5 years)
ReferenceGouws and others 2004Gouws and others 2004Gouws and others 2004D’Acremont and others 2011D’Acremont and others 2011D’Acremont and others 2014Shao and others 2011Rowe and others 2001Mukanga, Tiono, and Anyorigiya 2012Mukanga, Tiono, and Anyorigiya 2012Mukanga, Tiono, and Anyorigiya 2012
Year(s) of study2000200020022007–082007–08200820111997–2002200920092009
CountryTanzaniaUgandaBrazilTanzaniaTanzaniaTanzaniaTanzaniaKenyaUgandaBurkina FasoGhana
Algorithm usedOriginal IMCIOriginal IMCIOriginal IMCIUsual careUsual careModified IMCIModified IMCIOriginal IMCIiCCMiCCMiCCM
Age group (years)<5<5<5<5>5<10<5<5<5<5<5
Total number of patients4195166531,2701,2541,0058427,151182525584
% with one or more danger signs—————5—10———
% who required referral—————8—17———
% with fever76812984741007388———
% positive RDT results among febrile patients—————103—787484
% with cough3533524624465344—4821
% with difficult breathing———212—————
% with fast breathing among those with cough—————4022——4424
% with chest indrawing among those with cough—————2—————
% with pneumonia28313——1812—35——
% with diarrhea243417176101822—2636
% with blood in stools among those with diarrhea—————51————
% with ear pain———2111————
% with measles————0.100.8————
% with skin problems———73810————
% with more than one diagnostic classification———————36293322

WHO 2013a. Reproduced with permission.

Note: — = not available; iCCM = Integrated Community Case Management; IMCI = Integrated Management of Childhood Illness; RDT = rapid diagnostic test.

From: Chapter 8, Diagnosis and Treatment of the Febrile Child

Cover of Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health
Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health: Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2).
Black RE, Laxminarayan R, Temmerman M, et al., editors.
© 2016 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.

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