METHODS

Literature Search Strategy

A limited literature search was conducted on key resources including Pubmed, Medline (OVID) and Embase (OVID) databases, The Cochrane Library (2015, Issue 1), University of York Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), Canadian and major international health technology agencies, as well as a focused Internet search. Methodological filters were applied to limit retrieval to health technology assessments, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials. Where possible, retrieval was limited to the human population. The search was also limited to English language documents published between January 1, 2012 and January 6, 2015.

Selection Criteria and Methods

One reviewer screened citations and selected studies. In the first level of screening, titles and abstracts were reviewed and potentially relevant articles were retrieved and assessed for inclusion. The final selection of full-text articles was based on the inclusion criteria presented in Table 1.

Table 1

Selection Criteria.

Critical Appraisal of Individual Studies

Critical appraisal of a study was conducted based on an assessment tool appropriate for the particular study design. The AMSTAR checklist⁶ was used for systematic reviews; the Downs and Black checklist⁷ for RCTs. For the critical appraisal, a numeric score was not calculated. Instead, the strength and limitations of the study were described.

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Bookshelf ID: NBK349733

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Tramadol for the Management of Pain in Adult Patients: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness [Internet].

METHODS

Literature Search Strategy

Selection Criteria and Methods

Table 1

Exclusion Criteria

Critical Appraisal of Individual Studies

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