| Type of malformation | Babies of women with type 1 diabetes, observed (expected)a | Babies of women with type 2 diabetes, observed (expected)a | Standardised prevalence ratio for babies of women with both type1 and type 2 diabetes (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| One or more malformations | 81 (37) | 28 (12.8) | 2.2 (1.8 to 2.6) |
| Neural tube defects | 6 (2.4) | 4 (0.9) | 4.2 (2.0 to 7.8) |
| Other central nervous system | 5 (1.7) | 0 (0.6) | 1.5 (0.3 to 3.6) |
| Eye | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0.9) | 1.0 (0.1 to 7.0) |
| Ear | 0 (0.7) | 0 (0.3) | – |
| Congenital heart disease | 33 (8.9) | 9(3.4) | 3.4 (2.5 to 4.6) |
| Cleft lip and palate | 0 (1.3) | 0 (0.5) | – |
| Cleft palate | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.2 to 5.9) |
| Digestive system | 1 (2.6) | 2 (1.0) | 0.8 (0.2 to 2.5) |
| Internal urogenital system | 9 (6.1) | 1 (2.3) | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.2) |
| External genital system | 3 (2.5) | 2 (0.9) | 1.5 (0.5 to 3.4) |
| Limb | 15 (10.2) | 4 (3.7) | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.1) |
| Other (non-chromosomal) | 6 | 4 | – |
| Trisomy 21 | 2 | 0 | – |
| Other chromosomal | 2 | 2 | – |
Expected rates are based on European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) 2002.267
From: 5, Antenatal care
NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.