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Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-.

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Table 5Dietary Goitrogens

GoitrogenMechanism
Foods
Cassava, lima beans, linseed, sorghum, sweet potatoContain cyanogenic glucosides; they are metabolized to thiocyanates that compete with iodine for thyroidal uptake
Cruciferous vegetables: cabbage, kale, cauliflower, broccoli, turnips, rapeseedContains glucosinolates; metabolites compete with iodine for thyroidal uptake
Soy, milletFlavonoids impair thyroid peroxidase activity
Nutrients
Selenium deficiencyAccumulated peroxides may damage the thyroid, and deiodinase deficiency impairs thyroid hormone synthesis
Iron deficiencyReduces heme-dependent thyroperoxidase activity in the thyroid and may blunt the efficacy of iodine prophylaxis
Vitamin A deficiencyIncreases TSH stimulation and goiter through decreased vitamin A-mediated suppression of the pituitary TSHβ gene

From: The Iodine Deficiency Disorders

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