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| Life Stage Group | Vitamin A | Vitamin C | Vitamin D | Vitamin E | Vitamin K | Thiamin | Riboflavin | Niacin | Vitamin B 6 | Folate | Vitamin B 12 | Pantothenic Acid | Biotin | Choline | Carotenoids e |
| (µg/d) b | (mg/d) | (µg/d) | (mg/d) c,d | --- | --- | --- | (mg/d) d | (mg/d) | (µg/d) d | --- | --- | --- | (g/d) | --- | |
| Infants | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0-6 mo | 600 | ND f | 25 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| 7-12 mo | 600 | ND | 25 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Children | |||||||||||||||
| 1-3 y | 600 | 400 | 50 | 200 | ND | ND | ND | 10 | 30 | 300 | ND | ND | ND | 1.0 | ND |
| 4-8 y | 900 | 650 | 50 | 300 | ND | ND | ND | 15 | 40 | 400 | ND | ND | ND | 1.0 | ND |
| Males, Females | |||||||||||||||
| 9-13 y | 1,700 | 1,200 | 50 | 600 | ND | ND | ND | 20 | 60 | 600 | ND | ND | ND | 2.0 | ND |
| 14-18 y | 2,800 | 1,800 | 50 | 800 | ND | ND | ND | 30 | 80 | 800 | ND | ND | ND | 3.0 | ND |
| 19-70 y | 3,000 | 2,000 | 50 | 1,000 | ND | ND | ND | 35 | 100 | 1,000 | ND | ND | ND | 3.5 | ND |
| > 70 y | 3,000 | 2,000 | 50 | 1,000 | ND | ND | ND | 35 | 100 | 1,000 | ND | ND | ND | 3.5 | ND |
| Pregnancy | |||||||||||||||
| ≤ 18 y | 2,800 | 1,800 | 50 | 800 | ND | ND | ND | 30 | 80 | 800 | ND | ND | ND | 3.0 | ND |
| 19-50 y | 3,000 | 2,000 | 50 | 1,000 | ND | ND | ND | 35 | 100 | 1,000 | ND | ND | ND | 3.5 | ND |
| Lactation | |||||||||||||||
| ≤ 18 y | 2,800 | 1,800 | 50 | 800 | ND | ND | ND | 30 | 80 | 800 | ND | ND | ND | 3.0 | ND |
| 19-50 y | 3,000 | 2,000 | 50 | 1,000 | ND | ND | ND | 35 | 100 | 1,000 | ND | ND | ND | 3.5 | ND |
| a UL = The maximum level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects. Unless otherwise specified, the UL represents total intake from food, water, and supplements. Due to lack of suitable data, ULs could not be established for vitamin K, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B 12 , pantothenic acid, biotin, or carotenoids. In the absence of ULs, extra caution may be warranted in consuming levels above recommended intakes.b As preformed vitamin A only.c As ∂-tocopherol; applies to any form of supplemental ∂-tocopherol.d The ULs for vitamin E, niacin, and folate apply to synthetic forms obtained from supplements, fortified foods, or a combination of the two.e ß-Carotene supplements are advised only to serve as a provitamin A source for individuals at risk of vitamin A deficiency.f ND = Not determinable due to lack of data of adverse effects in this age group and concern with regard to lack of ability to handle excess amounts. Source of intake should be from food only to prevent high levels of intake.SOURCES : Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (1997); Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B 6 , Folate, Vitamin B 12 , Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (1998); Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids (2000); and Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001). These reports may be accessed via www.nap.edu.Copyright 2001 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. 2/15/01 | |||||||||||||||
From: Dietary Treatment of Obesity
This electronic version has been made freely available under a Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC-ND) license. A copy of the license can be viewed at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/.
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