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Many of the pesticides applied to food crops in this country are present in foods and may pose risks to human health. Current regulations are intended to protect the health of the general population by controlling pesticide use. This book explores whether the present regulatory approaches adequately protect infants and children, who may differ from adults in susceptibility and in dietary exposures to pesticide residues.
The committee focuses on four major areas:
- Susceptibility: Are children more susceptible or less susceptible than adults to the effects of dietary exposure to pesticides?
- Exposure: What foods do infants and children eat, and which pesticides and how much of them are present in those foods? Is the current information on consumption and residues adequate to estimate exposure?
- Toxicity: Are toxicity tests in laboratory animals adequate to predict toxicity in human infants and children? Do the extent and type of toxicity of some chemicals vary by species and by age?
- Assessing risk: How is dietary exposure to pesticide residues associated with response? How can laboratory data on lifetime exposures of animals be used to derive meaningful estimates of risk to children? Does risk accumulate more rapidly during the early years of life?
Contents
- Committee on Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children
- Board on Agriculture
- Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology
- Commission on Life Sciences
- The National Academies
- Preface
- Executive Summary
- 1. Background and Approach to the Study
- 2. Special Characteristics of Children
- 3. Perinatal and Pediatric Toxicity
- 4. Methods for Toxicity Testing
- 5. Food and Water Consumption
- Food Consumption Surveys
- Survey Methodology
- Survey Design
- Sample Weights
- Sample Size
- Comparisons of Intake Data with Standards
- Validation of Food Consumption Data
- The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Food Consumption Data Bases in Estimating Pesticide Exposure of Children
- Water Intake
- Quantification of Consumption Data
- Age-Related Differences in Dietary Patterns
- Issues Related to the Evaluation of Food Monitoring Data
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- References
- 6. Pesticide Residues
- Sources of Data on Usage
- The Occurrence and Fate of Pesticide Residues
- Pesticide Registration and the Development of Analytical Methods
- Methods for Sampling and Analysis
- Monitoring
- Quality Controls
- Limitations of the Data
- Pesticides in Water
- Pesticides in Infant Formula
- Pesticides in Human Milk
- Pesticides in Foods
- Conclusions and Recommendations
- References
- 7. Estimating Exposures
- 8. Estimating the Risks
Support for this project was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Contract No. 68D-80101, with contributions from International Life Sciences Institute and Health and Welfare Canada. In addition, support for this project was provided by the Kellogg Endowment Fund of the National Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Medicine.
Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project.
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
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- Dietary exposure of Hong Kong adults to pesticide residues: results of the first Hong Kong Total Diet Study.[Food Addit Contam Part A Chem ...]Dietary exposure of Hong Kong adults to pesticide residues: results of the first Hong Kong Total Diet Study.Wong WW, Yau AT, Chung SW, Lam CH, Ma S, Ho YY, Xiao Y. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2014; 31(5):852-71. Epub 2014 Apr 14.
- Review Pesticide residues in food: investigation of disparities in cancer risk estimates.[Cancer Lett. 1997]Review Pesticide residues in food: investigation of disparities in cancer risk estimates.Swirsky Gold L, Stern BR, Slone TH, Brown JP, Manley NB, Ames BN. Cancer Lett. 1997 Aug 19; 117(2):195-207.
- Review Shellfish and residual chemical contaminants: hazards, monitoring, and health risk assessment along French coasts.[Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011]Review Shellfish and residual chemical contaminants: hazards, monitoring, and health risk assessment along French coasts.Guéguen M, Amiard JC, Arnich N, Badot PM, Claisse D, Guérin T, Vernoux JP. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011; 213:55-111.
- Review Bioconcentration, bioaccumulation, and metabolism of pesticides in aquatic organisms.[Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 2010]Review Bioconcentration, bioaccumulation, and metabolism of pesticides in aquatic organisms.Katagi T. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 2010; 204:1-132.
- Comparison of pesticide exposure from consumption of domestic and imported fruits and vegetables.[Food Chem Toxicol. 2009]Comparison of pesticide exposure from consumption of domestic and imported fruits and vegetables.Katz JM, Winter CK. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Feb; 47(2):335-8. Epub 2008 Nov 27.
- Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and ChildrenPesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children
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