Vitamin C | Vitamin C in plasma, serum, or leukocytes | None | Follicular hyperkeratosis; swollen, bleeding gums; petechial hemorrhages; joint pain; scurvy |
Thiamin | Thiamin excretion in urine | Erythrocyte transketolase activity (ETK); ETK activation coefficient | Anorexia, lassitude, muscle weakness, ataxia, dyspnea upon exertion, heart enlargement, tachycardia, beriberi |
Riboflavin | Riboflavin excretion in urine | Glutathione reductase activity (GRA); GRA activity coefficient | Lesions of mucocutaneous surfaces of mouth (angular stomatitis, cheilosis, atrophic lingual papillae, glossitis (magenta tongue), seborrheic skin lesions, and surface lesions of genitalia |
Niacin | N
1-Methylnicotinamide or 2-pyridone excretion in urine | None applicable | Anorexia, oral lesions, dermatosis, diarrhea, neurologic changes (anxiety, depression, fatigue), pellagra |
Vitamin B6 | Vitamin B6 , pyridoxal phosphate, and other B6 vitamers in serum, plasma, or erythrocytes; 4-pyridoxic acid or total vitamin B6 excretion in urine | Erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase activity (E-Ala-AT); E-Ala-AT activation coefficient; erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase (E-Asp-AT); E-Asp-AT activation coefficient | Weight loss, dermatitis, stomatitis, anemia, peripheral neuritis, depression, confusion, hyperirritability, electroencephalographic anomalies, epileptiform-type convulsions |
Folate | Folate in plasma, serum, or erythrocytes | None applicable | Megaloblastic anemia, hypersegmentation of neutrophils, neutropenia, lesions of intestinal tract |
Vitamin B12 | Vitamin B12 in plasma, serum, or erythrocytes | None applicable | Megaloblastic anemia, anorexia, weakness, fatigue, dyspnea, leukopenia, neurologic changes, weight loss, gastric mucosal atrophy, pernicious anemia |