| Recommendation Number and Topic | Primary Actors | |
|---|---|---|
| General policy | ||
| 3.1 | Adopt and implement conflict of interest policies | Institutions that carry out medical research and education, clinical care, and clinical practice guideline development |
| 3.2 | Strengthen disclosure policies | Institutions that carry out medical research and education, clinical care, and clinical practice guideline development |
| 3.3 | Standardize disclosure content and formats | Institutions that carry out medical research and education, clinical care, and clinical practice guideline development and other interested organizations (e.g., accrediting bodies, health insurers, consumer groups, and government agencies) |
| 3.4 | Create a national program for the reporting of company payments | U.S. Congress; pharmaceutical, medical device, and biotechnology companies |
| Medical research | ||
| 4.1 | Restrict participation of researchers with conflicts of interest in research with human participants | Academic medical centers and other research institutions; medical researchers |
| Medical education | ||
| 5.1 | Reform relationships with industry in medical education | Academic medical centers and teaching hospitals; faculty, students, residents, and fellows |
| 5.2 | Provide education on conflict of interest | Academic medical centers and teaching hospitals; professional societies |
| 5.3 | Reform financing system for continuing medical education | Organizations that created the accrediting program for continuing medical education and other organizations interested in high-quality, objective education |
| Medical practice | ||
| 6.1 | Reform financial relationships with industry for community physicians | Community physicians; professional societies; hospitals and other health care providers |
| 6.2 | Reform industry interactions with physicians | Pharmaceutical, medical device, and biotechnology companies |
| Clinical practice guidelines | ||
| 7.1 | Restrict industry funding and conflicts in clinical practice guideline development | Institutions that develop clinical practice guidelines |
| 7.2 | Create incentives for reducing conflicts in clinical practice guideline development | Accrediting and certification bodies, formulary committees, health insurers, public agencies, and other organizations with an interest in objective, evidence-based clinical practice guidelines |
| Institutional conflict of interest policies | ||
| 8.1 | Create board-level responsibility for institutional conflicts of interest | Institutions that carry out medical research and education, clinical care, and clinical practice guideline development |
| 8.2 | Revise PHS regulations to require policies on institutional conflicts of interest | NIH |
| Supporting organizations | ||
| 9.1 | Provide additional incentives for institutions to adopt and implement policies | Oversight bodies and other groups that have a strong interest in or reliance on medical research, education, clinical care, and practice guideline development |
| 9.2 | Develop research agenda on conflict of interest | NIH, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other agencies of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |
From: Summary
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