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National Research Council (US) Committee on Hazardous Biological Substances in the Laboratory. Biosafety In The Laboratory: Prudent Practices for the Handling and Disposal of Infectious Materials. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1989.

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Biosafety In The Laboratory: Prudent Practices for the Handling and Disposal of Infectious Materials.

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Appendix DSummary of Zoonotic Pathogens Causing Disease in Man

Microorganism GroupAnimal Source a Route of Infection b
DiseaseAgentAFBDPCENLMOSWAeAbBsCoInSpWi
Gram negative bacteriaBrucellosisBrucella spp.XXXXXXXXXX?
ColibacillosisArizona grp., E. coli,
Shigella spp.		XXXXXXXXXXXXX
EnteritisCampylobacter spp.XXXXXXXXXX
GlandersPseudomonas mallei XXXXXXXXXX
MelioidosisPseudomonas
pseudomallei 		XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Non-specific
purulent
anaerobic
infections		Bacteroids spp.,
Fusobacterium spp.		XXXXXXXXXXX
PasteurellosisPasteurella spp.XXXXXXXXXXXXX
PlagueYersinia pestis XXXXXXXXX
Ratbite feverSpirillum spp., Streptobacillus spp.XXXX
SalmonellosisSalmonella spp.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
TularemiaFrancisella
tularensis 		XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
VibriosisVibrio spp.XXXXX
YersiniosisYersinia spp.XXXXXXXXXX??XX
Gram positive
bacteria		AnthraxBacillus anthracis XXXXXXXXXXXX
BotulismClostridium
botulinum 		XXX
Corynebacterial
infections		Corynebacterium
spp.		XXXXXXX
ErysipeloidErysipelothrix
rhusiopathiae 		XXXXX
Gram positive bacteria (continued)Food poisoningClostridium perfringens XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Gas gangrene,
malignant edema		Clostridium spp.XXXXXXXXXXXXX
Listeriosis c Listeria monocytogenes XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
StaphylococcosisStaphylococcus aureus XXXXX
StreptococcosisStreptococcus
spp.		XXXXX
TetanusClostridium tetani XXXXXXX
MycobacteriaLeprosy d Mycobacterium leprae X?
Mycobacterial infectionsMycobacterium
spp.		X?X?XXX
TuberculosisMycobacterium spp.XXXXXXXXXXXXX
ActinomycetesActinomycosisActinomyces spp.XXXXXX
DermatophilosisDermatophilus congolensis XXXXXXX
NocardiosisNocardia spp.XXX?X?XXX
RickettsiaceaeBoutonneuse
fever		Rickettsia conori ?XXXXX
EhrlichiosisEhrlichia canis XX
Epidemic
typhus		Rickettsia
prowazekii 		XX
Murine typhusRickettsia typhi XXXXX
North Asian
tick typhus		Rickettsia sibirica XXXX?X?
Rickettsiaceae (continued)Psittacosis, ornithosisChlamydia psittaci XXXXXXXXX
Q feverCoxiella burnetii XXXXXXXXXXXX
Queensland tick typhusRickettsia australis XXX
Rickettsial poxRickettsia akari XXX
Rocky Mountain spotted feverRickettsia rickettsiae ?XXXXXXXX
Scrub typhusRickettsia tsutsugamushi XXX
SpirochetesEndemic relapsing feverBorrelia spp.XXXXXX?X
Leptospirosis c Leptospira spp.?XXX?XXXXXXXX?XX
Lyme diseaseBorrelia burgdorferi XXX
MycosesAspergillosisAspergillus fumigatus XXXXXXXXXX
BlastomycosisBlastomyces dermatitiditis XXXXXXX
CandidiasisCandida spp.XXXXXXX
CoccidioidomycosisCoccidioides immitis XXXXXXXXXX
CryptococcosisCryptococcus neoformans XXXXXXXXXX
GeotrichosisGeotrichum candidum XXXX
HistoplasmosisHistoplasma capsulatum XXXXXXXX
PiedraPiedraia spp., Trichosporon spp.XXXX
Mycoses (continued)Phycomycosis d Absidia spp.,
Basidiobolus spp.,
Entomophthora spp.,
Mortierella spp.,
Mucor spp.,
Rhizopus spp.		XXXXXXXXXX
Rhinosporidiosis d Rhinosporidium
seeberi 		XXXX?
RingwormEpidermophyton spp.,
Microsporum spp.,
Trichophyton spp.		XXXXXXXXXXXXX
Rhodotorulosis d Rhodotourula
mucilaginosa 		XX
SporotrichosisSporothrix
schenckii 		XXXXXXXX
TrematodesAmphistomiasisGastrodiscoides spp.,
Watsonius spp.		XXX
Clinostomiasis d Clinostomum
complanatum 		XX
ClonorchiasisClonorchis spp.,
Opisthorchis spp.,
Amphimerus spp.,
Metorchis spp.,
Pseudamphistomum
spp.		XXXXXXX
Cyathocotyliasis d Prohemistomum vivax XXXXX
Dicrocoeliasis d Dicrocoelium spp.,
Eurytrema
pancreaticum 		XXXXX
EchinostomiasisEchinostoma spp., Artyfechinostomum spp., Echinochasmus spp., Echinoparyphium spp., Euparyphium spp., Himasthla spp., Hypoderaeum spp.XXXXXX
Trematodes (continued)Fascioliasis, fasciolopsiasisFasciola spp.,
Fasciolopsis spp.		XXXXXX
HeterophyiasisHeterophyes spp., Apophallus spp.,
Centrocestus spp., Haplorchis spp., Pigydiopsis spp.,
Procerovum spp.,
Stellantchasmus spp., Strictodora spp.		XXXXXX
MetagonimiasisMetagonimus spp., Troglotrema spp.XXXXXXX
ParagonimiasisParagonimus spp.XXXXXXX
Schistosomiasis, cercarial dermatitisSchistosoma spp.XXXXXXXXXXXX
NematodesAnisakiasisAnisakis spp.XXX
Ancylostomiasis, cutaneous larval migransAncylostoma spp., Bunostomum spp., Uncinaria spp.XXXX
Ascariasis, visceral larval migransToxocara spp., Ascaris spp., Toxascaris spp., Amplicaecum spp., Hexametra spp., Lagochilascaris spp., Neoascaris spp., Parascaris spp.XXXXXXXXXXX
CapillariasisCapillaria spp.XXXXXXX
Dioctophyma infectionDioctophyma renale XXXXXXXX
DracunculiasisDracunculus spp.XXX
Nematodes (continued)FilariasisBrugia spp., Dipetalonema spp., Dirofilaria spp., Loa loa, Onchocerca spp., Wucheraria spp.XXXXX
GnathostomiasisGnathostoma spp.XXXXXXX
Prasitic meningoencephalitisAngiostrongylus spp.XXX
StrongyloidiasisStrongyloides spp.XXXXXXXXXXX
Thelaziasis d Thelazia spp.XXXX
TrichinosisTrichinella spirialis XXXXXX
TrichostrongyliasisTrichostrongylus spp.XXXXX
CestodesDog tapewormDipylidium caninum XXX
Dwarf tapewormHymenolepis nana XXXX
Fish
tapeworm		Diphyllobothrium latum XXXXXX
HydatidosisEchinococcus spp.XXXXXXXXX
Mouse/rat tapewormHymenolepis diminuta XXXX
Raillietiniasis d Raillietina spp.XXX?
SparagnosisSpirometra spp., Diphyllobothrium spp.XXXXXXXXX
Tapeworm, coenuriasisTaenia spp.XXXXXXX
ProtozoaAmoebiasisEntamoeba
histolytica 		XXX
Babesiosis, piroplasmosisBabesia spp.XXXXXX
BalantidiasisBalantidium coli XXX
CoccidiosisIsospora spp.XXX
GiardiasisGiardia lamblii XXXXXXX
LeishmaniasisLeishmania spp.XXXXXXX
MalariaPlasmodium spp.XX
NaegleriosisNaegleria fowleri XXXXX
Pneumocystis infectionPneumocystis carinii XXXXX??
SarcosporidiosisSarcocystis spp.XXXXXXX
Toxoplasmosis d Toxoplasma gondii XXXXXXXXX
TrypanosomiasisTrypanosoma spp.XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
RNA viruses (Flavivirus)Banzi d BAN virusXX
DengueDEN virusXX
Ilheus d ILH virusXX
Japanese
encephalitis		JBE virusXXXXX
Kyasanur
forest disease		KFD virusXXXXX
Louping illLI virusXXXXX
RNA viruses (Flavivirus, continued)Murray Valley encephalitisMVE virusXX
Powassan encephalitisPOW virusXX
Rio Bravo
infection,
Bat salivary gland
virus fever		RB virusX?X
Russian
spring-summer
encephalitis, Central European
encephalitis, Tick-borne
encephalitis		Hypr
virus, Kumlinge
virus, Omsk
virus, RSSE
virus		XXXXXXX
St. Louis encephalitisSLE virusXXX
WesselsbronWSL virusXXXX
West NileWN virusXX
Yellow feverYF virusXXX
ZikaZika virusXX
RNA viruses
(Togavirus)		ChikungunyaCHIK virusXX
Eastern
encephalitis		EEE virusXXXX
MayaroMAY virusXX
O'nyong-nyongONN virusXX
Semliki Forest
encephalitis		SF virusXX
SindbisSIN virusXX
Animal Source a Route of Infection b
Microorganism GroupDiseaseAgentAFBDPCENLMOSWAeAbBsCoInSpWi
RNA viruses
(Togavirus, continued)		Venezuelan
encephalitis		VEE virusXXXXX
Western
encephalitis		WEE virusXXXX
RNA viruses
(Bunyavirus)		ApeuApeu virusXXX
California
encephalitis		CE virusXXXX
CaraparuCAR virusXXX
CatuCatu virus?XX
Congo-Crimean
hemorrhagic fever		CCHF virusXXXXXXX
GermistonGER virusXX
Guama d GMA virus?XX
Hemorrhagic feverHantaan virusXXXX
Itaqui d ITQ virusXXX
LaCrosse
encephalitis		LAC virusXXXX
Madrid d MAD virusXX
MaritubaMTB virusXXX
MurutucuMUR virusXXX
Nairobi sheep
disease (Dugbe
fever, Ganjam
fever)		NSD virus (DUG
virus, GAN virus)		XXXX
OribocaORI virusXXX
OropoucheORO virus?XX
RNA viruses
(Bunyavirus, continued)		Rift Valley feverRVF virus or Zinga virusXXXXXXX
TahynaTAH virusXXX
RNA viruses
(Orbivirus)		Colorado tick feverCTF virusXXX
Kemerovo fever d KEM virusXX
RNA viruses (Rhabdovirus)RabiesRabies virusXXXXXXXXXXX
Vesicular stomatitisVS virusXXXXXX
RNA viruses (Reovirus)Reovirus infection d Reovirus?????????
Rotavirus infection d Rotavirus??
RNA viruses (Picomavirus)Coxsackie disease d Coxsackie virusXXXXX
Foot and mouth diseaseFMD virusXXXXXXX
HepatitisHepatitis A virusXXXX
RNA viruses (Arenavirus)Lymphocytic choriomeningitisLCM virusXXXXXX
Rodent-borne
hemorrhagic fevers		Junin virus,
Lassa fever virus, Machupo virus, Tacaribe virus		XXXXX
RNA viruses
(Others)		InfluenzaInfluenza virusXXXXXXX
Green monkey
disease, African hemorrhagic fever		Ebola virus, Marburg virusXXX
Microorganism GroupAnimal Source a Route of Infection b
DiseaseAgentAFBDPCENLMOSWAeAbBsCoInSpWi
RNA viruses (Others, continued)Newcastle diseaseND virusXXX
Simian hepatitisSimian hepatitis virusXXX
DNA virusesContagious
ecthyma,
Bovine papular
stomatitis, Pseudo cowpox		Orf virusXXXX
PoxCowpox virus, monkeypox virus, Yaba virus, (Catpox
virus, Tanapox
virus)		XXXXXXXX
PseudorabiesPseudorabies virusX?X
Simian herpesSimian herpesvirus BX?XX?X
UnclassifiedCat scratch
disease		UnknownXXXXX
a

A = birds, fowl, poultry (avian); F = cats (felines); B = cattle (bovines); D = dogs (canines); P = fish, seafood (piscines); C = goats (caprines); E = horses (equines); N = nonhuman primates; L = rabbits (lagomorphs); M = rodents (murines); O = sheep (ovines); S = swine (porcines); W = wildlife including bats, marsupials, and other ruminants.

b

Ae = aerosol; Ab = arthropod bite; Bs = bite/scratch; Co = contact; In = ingestion; Sp = skin penetration; Wi = wound infection.

c

Fetal infection, in utero.

d

Epidemiologic relationship of animals to human disease has not been proven.

SOURCE: The information for this table was derived from references 6, 17, 21, 26, 53, and 69.

Copyright © 1989 by the National Academy of Sciences.
Bookshelf ID: NBK218632
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