| End point | Species (test system) | Resultsa | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| With activation | Without activation | |||
| Salmonella typhimurium (reverse mutation); Escherichia coli (forward mutation, DNA modification); Saccharomyces cerevisia (reverse mutation); Bacillus subtilis (rec assay) | Gene mutation or DNA modification | − | − | Bruce and Heddle 1979; Dunkel et al. 1984; Fukunaga et al. 1982; Kharab and Singh 1985; Nestmann et al. 1979; Nishioka 1975; Rosenkranz and Poirier 1979; Simmon 1979b |
| S. cerevisiae | Gene conversion or mitotic recombination | − | − | Fukunaga et al. 1982; Kharab and Singh 1985; Nestmann et al. 1979; Simmon 1979a |
| E. coli RNA polymerase or Avian myetoblastosis DNA polymerase | RNA or DNA synthesis | NA | + | Hoffman and Niyogi 1977; Sirover and Loeb 1976 |
| Chinese hamster ovary cells; Syrian hamster embryo cells | Chromosomal aberration, DNA repair, mitotic disturbance | NA | + | Ariza et al. 1998; Bauchinger and Schmid 1972; Costa et al. 1982; Robison et al. 1984; Zelikoff et al. 1988 |
| Chinese hamster fibroblasts | Micronuclei | NA | + | Thier et al. 2003 |
| Human melanoma cells | Micronuclei | NA | + | Poma et al. 2003 |
| Human lymphocytes | Structural chromosomal aberration | NA | + | Beek and Obe 1974 |
| − | Deknudt and Deminatti 1978 | |||
| − | Gasiorek and Bauchinger 1981 | |||
| − | Schmid et al. 1972 | |||
| Human lymphocytes | DNA double-strand breaks, DNA-protein cross-links | NA | + | Woźniak and Blasiak 2003 |
| Human lymphocytes | Sister chromatid exchange | NA | − | Beek and Obe 1975 |
| + | Niebuhr and Wulf 1984 | |||
| Human melanoma cells | Sister chromatid exchange | NA | + | Poma et al. 2003 |
c = negative result; + = positive result; DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid; NA = not applicable; RNA = ribonucleic acid
From: 3, HEALTH EFFECTS
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