BioProject

The intestinal mucosa is exposed to oxidizing agents from the ingestion of modified foods, immuno-inflammatory cells and the intestinal flora. More...

The intestinal mucosa is exposed to oxidizing agents from the ingestion of modified foods, immuno-inflammatory cells and the intestinal flora. Diet high in fruits and vegetables may reduce oxidative stress and inflammation via several mechanisms. These beneficial effects may be due to their high polyphenol content. Objective: To evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic aspects of polyphenols in apple peel (DAPP) on intestinal inflammation while elucidating the underlying mechanisms and clinical benefits. Methods: Induction of intestinal inflammation in the C57BL6 mice is performed by oral administration of the inflammatory agent DSS (Dextran Sodium Sulfate) at 2.5% for 10 days. Physiological and supraphysiological doses of DAPP (200 and 400 mg / kg / day, respectively) were administered by gavage for 10 days pre- and during-DSS. Results: The inflammation caused by DSS weight loss, shortening of the colon, dystrophic detachment of the epithelium, erosion and infiltration of mono- and polymorphonuclear cells in the colon. Additionally, the DSS induced an increase of lipid peroxidation, a down-regulation of antioxidant enzymes, an increased protein expression of the MPO, COX-2 and production of prostaglandin PGE2. However, the DAPP have corrected or at least alleviate most of these abnormalities in prophylactic or therapeutic situation, in addition to lowering protein expression of NF-kappaB and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) while stimulating antioxidant transcription factors (Nrf-2, PGC1-α). The supraphysiological doses of DAPP in therapeutic situation has corrected mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by the ratio of ADP/ATP, reduced apoptosis (Cyt C and AIF) and the DNA repair enzyme (OGG1), that eliminated DNA damage caused by oxidative stress, thereby preventing the initiation of the vicious cycle of ROS. Conclusions: Polyphenols of DAPP exhibit a powerful anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory power in the intestine. Therefore, evaluation of prophylactic and therapeutic effects of DAPP may be clinically feasible in individuals with intestinal disorders may even culminate in colonic cancer. Less...