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[3] hr strain.
[2] hr strain.
[1] hr comp strand.
[5] wt, sin-1(1.
[4] wt strain.
[6] hr strain.
[7] hr strain.
[8] hr strain.
[9] hr strain.
Sindbis is a single stranded RNA virus of the genus alphavirus which includes the Eastern Equine Encephalitis <EEEV>, the Highlands ... J <HJV>, the Middelburg <MBV>, the Ross River <RRV>, the Semliki Forest <SFV>, the Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis <VEEV> and the Western Equine Encephalitis <WEEV> viruses. The genome is of plus polarity, capped at the 5' end and polyadenylated at the 3' end, and, in the case of Sindbis, is 11703 nucleotides in length without these modifications. The sequence shown is of the HR small plaque strain (HRsp); changes from wild-type and from the HR large plaque strain (HRlp) are indicated where known.
The 49S plus strand shown below is replicated into a 49S minus strand which serves as a template for the progeny 49S plus strands and for a 26S subgenomic mRNA. Four RNA synthesis activities are thought to be required for these replications as summarized in [9]. The possible recognition sites for these events are suggested by comparative studies (see the loci mentioned in the above paragraph) and by analysis of defective interfering particle sequences (see <sindi>).
The 49S plus strand RNA serves as an mRNA for the nonstructural viral proteins, i.e. the replicase/transcriptase components and perhaps a protease for cleavage of structural proteins. These are nsp1 (ns60), nsp2 (ns89), nsp3 (ns76) and nsp4 (ns72). The first three are produced as a polyprotein which has been designated p230. the fourth component is produced by readthrough translation of an opal terminator at bases 5748-5750 [8]; this readthrough yields a polyprotein which has been designated p270. Multiple in-phase termination codons at the start of the 26S transcript (structural protein ) region prevent further readthrough. These four peptides may or may not simply be the four activities required for RNA synthesis and elongation.
The 26S mRNA transcript (4106 bases) encodes the nucleocapsid protein, two glycoproteins and two small peptides not present in the mature virion. These are initially produced as a polyprotein designated p130; subsquent processing steps have been fully determined (see [2] and related literature).
Comparative studies have revealed conserved sequences at the 3'end [3],[4], near the 5' end [7], and at the start of the 26S RNA [6]. Complete source information:
Sindbis genomic 49S RNA [7], subgenomic 26S RNA [6], and cDNA to 26S and 49S RNA [3],[2],[1],[5],[4],[6],[7],[8],[9] from HR [3],[2],[1],[6],[7],[8],[9] and wild-type [5],[4] strains. all virus preparations were obtained from passage through cultured chicken embryo fibroblast cells.  more

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