Notes:

• 1) This taxonomic name has been effectively published but not validly published under the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (Bacteriological Code).

Comments and References:

Achenbach-Richter L & Woese CR (1988) Achenbach-Richter, L., and Woese, C.R. "The ribosomal gene spacer region in archaebacteria." Syst. Appl. Microbiol. (1988) 10:211-214.

Christensen H et al. (2000) Christensen, H., Angen, O., Mutters, R., Olsen, J.E., and Bisgaard, M. "DNA-DNA hybridization determined in micro-wells using covalent attachment of DNA." Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2000) 50:1095-1102.

Christensen H et al. (2001) Christensen, H., Bisgaard, M., Frederiksen, W., Mutters, R., Kuhnert, P., and Olsen, J.E. "Is characterization of a single isolate sufficient for valid publication of a new genus or species? Proposal to modify recommendation 30b of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision)." Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2001) 51:2221-2225.

Clayton RA et al. (1995) Clayton, R.A., Sutton, G., Hinkle, P.S. Jr, Bult, C., and Fields, C. "Intraspecific variation in small-subunit rRNA sequences in GenBank: why single sequences may not adequately represent prokaryotic taxa." Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1995) 45:595-599.

Dalevi D et al. (2001) Dalevi, D., Hugenholtz, P., and Blackall, L.L. "A multiple-outgroup approach to resolving division-level phylogenetic relationships using 16S rDNA data." Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2001) 51:385-391.

Euzeby JP (1997b) Euzeby, J.P. "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet." Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1997) 47:590-592.

Gurtler V & Mayall BC (2001) Gurtler, V., and Mayall, B.C. "Genomic approaches to typing, taxonomy and evolution of bacterial isolates." Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2001) 51:3-16

Hansmann S & Martin W (2000) Hansmann, S., and Martin, W. "Phylogeny of 33 ribosomal and six other proteins encoded in an ancient gene cluster that is conserved across prokaryotic genomes: influence of excluding poorly alignable sites from analysis." Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2000) 50:1655-1663.

Keswani J & Whitman WB (2001) Keswani, J., and Whitman, W.B. "Relationship of 16S rRNA sequence similarity to DNA hybridization in prokaryotes." Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2001) 51:667-678.

McGill TJ et al. (1986) McGill, T.J., Jurka, J., Sobieski, J.M., Pickett, M.H., Woese, C.R., and Fox, G.E. "Characteristic archaebacterial 16S rRNA oligonucleotides." Syst. Appl. Microbiol. (1986) 7:194-197.

Murray RG & Schleifer KH (1994) Murray, R.G., and Schleifer, K.H. "Taxonomic notes: a proposal for recording the properties of putative taxa of procaryotes." Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1994) 44:174-176.

Palys T et al. (1997) Palys, T., Nakamura, L.K., and Cohan, F.M. "Discovery and classification of ecological diversity in the bacterial world: the role of DNA sequence data." Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1997) 47:1145-1156.

Petitjean C et al. (2015) Petitjean, C., Deschamps, P., Lopez-GarcIa, P., and Moreira, D. "Rooting the domain Archaea by phylogenomic analysis supports the foundation of the new kingdom Proteoarchaeota." Genome Biol. Evol. (2015) 7:191-204.

Stackebrandt E et al. (2002) Stackebrandt, E., Frederiksen, W., Garrity, G.M., Grimont, P.A., Kampfer, P., Maiden, M.C., Nesme, X., Rossello-Mora, R., Swings, J., Truper, H.G., Vauterin, L., Ward, A.C., and Whitman, W.B. "Report of the ad hoc committee for the re-evaluation of the species definition in bacteriology." Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2002) 52:1043-1047.

Tindall BJ (1999b) Tindall, B.J. "Proposals to update and make changes to the Bacteriological Code." Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1999) 49:1309-1312. [No abstract available.]

Tindall BJ (1999c) Tindall, B.J. "Misunderstanding the Bacteriological Code." Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1999) 49:1313-1316.

Tindall BJ (1999d) Tindall, B.J. "Proposal to change Rule 18a, Rule 18f and Rule 30 to limit the retroactive consequences of changes accepted by the ICSB." Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1999) 49:1321-1322. [No abstract available.]

Tindall BJ (1999e) Tindall, B.J. "Proposal to change the Rule governing the designation of type strains deposited under culture collection numbers allocated for patent purposes." Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1999) 49:1317-1319. [No abstract available.]

Truper HG (1994) Truper, H.G., "Taxonomic notes: Names for higher taxa and their impact on the Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria." Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1994) 368-369. [No PubMed record available.]

Winker S & Woese CR (1991) Winker, S., and Woese, C.R. "A definition of the domains Archaea, Bacteria and Eucarya in terms of small subunit ribosomal RNA characteristics." Syst. Appl. Microbiol. (1991) 14:305-310.

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Woese CR et al. (1990) Woese, C.R., Kandler, O., and Wheelis, M.L. "Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1990) 87:4576-4579.

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Young JM (2000) Young, J.M. "Suggestions for avoiding on-going confusion from the Bacteriological Code." Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2000) 50:1687-1689. [No abstract available.]

Young JM (2001) Young, J.M. "Implications of alternative classifications and horizontal gene transfer for bacterial taxonomy." Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2001) 51:945-953.

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