high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Caenorhabditis elegans protein egg laying defective 13 (EGL-13) and similar proteins; EGL-13 may act as a transcription factor that is required for uterine cell fate decisions in Caenorhabditis elegans. It controls genes required for the specification and differentiation of O(2) and CO(2)-sensing neurons and for maintaining URX sensory neuronal cell fate.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 387157920 433 PHIKRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDYKYKPRPKR 510
Cdd:cd22042    1 PHIKRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILKACPDMHNSNISKILGAKWKAMSNAEKQPYYEEQSRLSKLHMEKHPDYRYRPRPKR 78

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Caenorhabditis elegans protein egg laying defective 13 (EGL-13) and similar proteins; EGL-13 may act as a transcription factor that is required for uterine cell fate decisions in Caenorhabditis elegans. It controls genes required for the specification and differentiation of O(2) and CO(2)-sensing neurons and for maintaining URX sensory neuronal cell fate.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 387157920 433 PHIKRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDYKYKPRPKR 510
Cdd:cd22042    1 PHIKRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILKACPDMHNSNISKILGAKWKAMSNAEKQPYYEEQSRLSKLHMEKHPDYRYRPRPKR 78

HMG (high mobility group) box;

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 387157920  435 IKRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDY 502
Cdd:pfam00505   1 PKRPMSAFFLFSKEQRAKLKAENPGLKNAEISKILGEKWKALSEEEKKPYEEKAEKEKARYEKEHPEY 68

high mobility group protein; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 387157920 417 SESRIYRESRGRGSNEPHI-KRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHN--SNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPyYEEQARLSK 493
Cdd:PTZ00199   4 KQGKVLVRKNKRKKKDPNApKRALSAYMFFAKEKRAEIIAENPELAKdvAAVGKMVGEAWNKLSEEEKAP-YEKKAQEDK 82

                 ....*
gi 387157920 494 QHLEK 498
Cdd:PTZ00199  83 VRYEK 87

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Caenorhabditis elegans protein egg laying defective 13 (EGL-13) and similar proteins; EGL-13 may act as a transcription factor that is required for uterine cell fate decisions in Caenorhabditis elegans. It controls genes required for the specification and differentiation of O(2) and CO(2)-sensing neurons and for maintaining URX sensory neuronal cell fate.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 387157920 433 PHIKRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDYKYKPRPKR 510
Cdd:cd22042    1 PHIKRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILKACPDMHNSNISKILGAKWKAMSNAEKQPYYEEQSRLSKLHMEKHPDYRYRPRPKR 78

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box (SOX) family transcription factors; The SOX gene family of transcription factors are characterized by the evolutionarily conserved SRY-type HMG box, which is a DNA binding domain that binds the minor groove of DNA on a common consensus site, (A/T)(A/T)CAA(A/T)G but with different levels of efficiency. Members include SRY and its homologs identified in mammals that can be subdivided into 8 groups (A, B1, B2, C, D, E, F, G, H). They are involved in embryonic development, regulating processes such as cell differentiation, maintenance of stemness, sex determination, and development of the central nervous, haematopoietic and other organ systems. The SOX gene family has a crucial role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 387157920 434 HIKRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDYKYKPR 507
Cdd:cd22004    1 HIKRPMNAFMVWSQQERKKIAKQNPKLHNSEISKILGKEWKKLTEEEKRPYVEEAERLREEHKKEYPDYKYRPR 74

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in group C SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors; SoxC transcription factors includes three members: SOX4, SOX11 and SOX12. They play key roles, often in redundancy, in multiple developmental pathways, including neurogenesis and skeletogenesis. SOX-4 is a transcriptional activator that promotes neuronal differentiation both in the adult and embryonic neural progenitors. It binds with high affinity to the T-cell enhancer motif 5'-AACAAAG-3' motif. SOX-4 is abnormally expressed in various cancers. SOX-11 is a neural transcriptional factor involved in precursor survival, neuronal fate determination, migration and morphogenesis. SOX-12, also called SOX-22, is a transcription factor essential for embryonic development and cell fate determination. It binds to the sequence 5'-AACAAT-3'.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 387157920 434 HIKRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDYKYKPRPK 509
Cdd:cd22029    1 HIKRPMNAFMVWSQIERRKIMEQQPDMHNAEISKRLGKRWKLLSDSEKIPFIEEAERLRLLHMQEYPDYKYRPRKK 76

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 7 (SOX7) and similar proteins; SOX-7 is an endothelial-associated transcription factor that acts as a tumor suppressor in a number of cancer types. It binds the DNA sequence 5'-AACAAT-3'. SOX-7 belongs to the group F of SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 387157920 424 ESRGRGSNEPHIKRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDYK 503
Cdd:cd22046    1 RSPGEKGSEPRIRRPMNAFMVWAKDERKRLAVQNPDLHNAELSKMLGKSWKALTPSQKRPYVEEAERLRVQHMQDYPNYK 80

                 ....*..
gi 387157920 504 YKPRPKR 510
Cdd:cd22046   81 YRPRRKK 87

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 18 (SOX18) and similar proteins; SOX-18 is a transcription factor involved in the development of cardiovascular and lymphatic vessels during embryonic development. It binds to the consensus sequence 5'-AACAAAG-3' and is able to trans-activate transcription via this site. SOX-18 belongs to the group F of SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 387157920 432 EPHIKRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDYKYKPRPKRT 511
Cdd:cd22048    1 ESRIRRPMNAFMVWAKDERKRLAQQNPDLHNAVLSKMLGQSWKSLSAAEKRPFVEEAERLRVQHLQDHPNYKYRPRRKKQ 80

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 12 (SOX12) and similar proteins; SOX-12, also called SOX-22, is a transcription factor essential for embryonic development and cell fate determination. It binds to the sequence 5'-AACAAT-3'. SOX-12 belongs to the group C of SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 387157920 434 HIKRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDYKYKPRPK 509
Cdd:cd22038   11 HIKRPMNAFMVWSQIERRKIMEQWPDMHNAEISKRLGRRWKLLQDYEKIPFIKEAERLRLKHMADYPDYKYRPRKK 86

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 15 (SOX15) and similar proteins; SOX-15, also called SOX-12, SOX-20, SOX-26, or SOX-27, is a crucial transcription factor involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in cell fate determination. It binds to the 5'-AACAAT-3' sequence. SOX-15 can be a tumor suppressor in multiple cancer types. SOX-5 is the only member of group G SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 387157920 435 IKRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDYKYKPRPK 509
Cdd:cd22035    8 VKRPMNAFMVWSSAQRRQMAQEHPKMHNSEISKRLGAAWKLLPEAEKRPFVEEAKRLRARHMRDYPDYKYRPRRK 82

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex-determining region Y protein (SRY) and similar proteins; SRY, also called testis-determining factor, is a transcriptional regulator that controls a genetic switch in male development. It promotes DNA bending and is also involved in pre-mRNA splicing. The SRY HMG box recognizes DNA by partial intercalation in the minor groove. It binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-[AT]AACAA[AT]-3'. SRY is the only member of group A SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 387157920 435 IKRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDYKYKPRPKRTCLV 514
Cdd:cd22034    5 VKRPMNAFIVWSRDQRRKMALENPRMRNSEISKQLGYQWKMLTEAEKWPFFQEAQKLQAMHREKYPNYKYRPRRKAKMLP 84

                 .
gi 387157920 515 D 515
Cdd:cd22034   85 K 85

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 30 (SOX30) and similar proteins; SOX-30 is a crucial transcription factor that controls the transition from a late meiotic to a post-meiotic gene expression program and subsequent round spermatid development. It specially prevents Wnt-signaling to suppress metastasis. SOX-30 binds to the DNA sequence 5'-ACAAT-3' and shows a preference for guanine residues surrounding this core motif. SOX-30 is the only member of the group H of SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 387157920 434 HIKRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDYKYKPRP 508
Cdd:cd22033    1 HIKRPMNAFMVWARIHRPALAKANPNANNADISVQLGEEWNKLTEEQKKPYYDEAQKLKEQHRKEHPGWVYQPRP 75

high mobility group;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 387157920   434 HIKRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDYK 503
Cdd:smart00398   1 KPKRPMSAFMLFSQENRAKIKAENPDLSNAEISKKLGERWKLLSEEEKAPYEEKAKKDKERYEEEMPEYK 70

high mobility group (HMG)-box domain superfamily; The High Mobility Group (HMG)-box is found in a variety of eukaryotic chromosomal proteins and transcription factors. HMGs bind to the minor groove of DNA and have been classified by DNA binding preferences. Two phylogenetically distinct groups of Class I proteins bind DNA in a sequence specific fashion and contain a single HMG box. One group (SOX-TCF) includes transcription factors, TCF-1, -3, -4, and also SRY and LEF-1, which bind four-way DNA junctions and duplex DNA targets. The second group (MATA) includes fungal mating type gene products MC, MATA1 and Ste11. Class II and III proteins (HMGB-UBF) bind DNA in a non-sequence specific fashion and contain two or more tandem HMG boxes. Class II members include non-histone chromosomal proteins, HMG1 and HMG2, which bind to bent or distorted DNA such as four-way DNA junctions, synthetic DNA cruciforms, kinked cisplatin-modified DNA, DNA bulges, cross-overs in supercoiled DNA, and can cause looping of linear DNA. Class III members include nucleolar and mitochondrial transcription factors, UBF and mtTF1, which bind four-way DNA junctions.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 387157920 437 RPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQH 495
Cdd:cd00084    1 RPLSAYLLFSKEKRPKLKKENPDLSFTEISKLLGERWKELSEEEKQPYEEKAKEDKERY 59

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in HMG box-containing protein 1 (HBP1) and similar proteins; HBP1, also called HMG box transcription factor 1, or high mobility group box transcription factor 1, is a transcriptional repressor that binds to the promoter region of target genes. It plays a role in the regulation of the cell cycle and the Wnt pathway. HBP1 binds preferentially to the sequence 5'-TTCATTCATTCA-3'.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 387157920 436 KRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPD 501
Cdd:cd21988    1 KRPMNAFMLFAKKYRVEYTQMHPGKDNRAISVILGDRWKKMKNEERRVYTLEAKALAEEHKRLHPD 66

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae non-histone chromosomal proteins NHP6A, NHP6B and similar proteins; This subfamily includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae high-mobility-group proteins NHP6A and its closely related paralog NHP6B. NHP6A and NHP6B seem to be functionally redundant. They are DNA-binding proteins that induce severe bending of DNA and are required for DNA-binding by the FACT complex, a general chromatin factor that acts to reorganize nucleosomes. They augment the fidelity of transcription by RNA polymerase III independently of any role in the FACT complex. They may also play essential roles in transcriptional initiation fidelity of some but not all tRNA genes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 387157920 423 RESRGRGSNEPHI-KRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPyYEEQARLSKQHLEK 498
Cdd:cd01390    1 KKKKGRKKKDPNApKRGLSAYMFFSQDNREKVKEENPDATFGEVGKLLGEKWKELSEEEKAP-YEEKAAKDKKRYEE 76

first high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae intrastrand cross-link recognition protein (Ixr1) and similar proteins; Ixr1, also called structure-specific recognition protein (SSRP), is a homolog of the yeast mitochondrial regulator ABF2. It binds to platinated DNA and confers sensitivity to the anticancer drug cisplatin. Ixr1 contains two HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the first one.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 387157920 436 KRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAF-PDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDYKYKPRP 508
Cdd:cd22011    2 KRPSSAYFLFSQEIRKNLKSQGsPEEKVPELSKRAAEQWRSLTLAEKQPYYDEVEVLKKQYDVEKEEYEKELPP 75

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in HMG box-containing protein 2 (HBP2) and similar proteins; HBP2, also called HMG box transcription factor BBX, or Bobby sox homolog, is a transcription factor that is necessary for cell cycle progression from the G1 to S phase.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 387157920 436 KRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPyYEEQARLSKQH-LEKYPDYKY 504
Cdd:cd21989    1 RRPMNAFLLFCKRHRSLVRERHPRLDNRGITKILGDWWAVLDPDEKQK-YTDLAKQYKEAfMKANPNFKW 69

Chromatin-associated proteins containing the HMG domain [Chromatin structure and dynamics];

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 387157920 371 PPKSKEKTTLESLTQQLAVKQNEEGKFSHAMMDFNLSGDSDGSAGVSESRIYRESRGRGS-NEPhiKRPMNAFMVWAKDE 449
Cdd:COG5648    8 PPYLTLQAPLSLIIFHKMVFMSGIRQLHTTLVELEKPLQQLLTKPRKKTKSKRLVRKKKDpNGP--KRPLSAYFLYSAEN 85

                         90       100       110       120       130
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 387157920 450 RRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEE-QARLSKQHLEKYPDYKYKP 506
Cdd:COG5648   86 RDEIRKENPKLTFGEVGKLLSEKWKELTDEEKEPYYKEaNSDRERYQREKEEYNKKLP 143

first high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Arabidopsis thaliana high mobility group B protein 6 (HMGB6) and similar proteins; HMGB6, also called nucleosome/chromatin assembly factor group D 06 (or D 6), WRKY transcription factor 53 (WRKY53), or WRKY DNA-binding protein 53, is a master regulator of age-induced leaf senescence. It acts in a complex transcription factor signaling network regulating senescence specific gene expression; hydrogen peroxide might be involved in signal transduction. The subfamily also includes Arabidopsis thaliana HMGB13 (also known as nucleosome/chromatin assembly factor group D 13). Both HMGB6 and HMGB13 contain three HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the first one.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 387157920 436 KRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDYK 503
Cdd:cd22006    1 KKPKTAYFLWCKDQREEVKKENPNADFSEVSKILGAKWKNLSEEEKKPYEEKYKEEKEKYLKVVGEEK 68

third high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Arabidopsis thaliana high mobility group B protein 6 (HMGB6) and similar proteins; HMGB6, also called nucleosome/chromatin assembly factor group D 06 (or D 6), WRKY transcription factor 53 (WRKY53), or WRKY DNA-binding protein 53, is a master regulator of age-induced leaf senescence. It acts in a complex transcription factor signaling network regulating senescence specific gene expression; hydrogen peroxide might be involved in signal transduction. The subfamily also includes Arabidopsis thaliana HMGB13 (also known as nucleosome/chromatin assembly factor group D 13). Both HMGB6 and HMGB13 contain three HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the third one.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 387157920 431 NEPhiKRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDYK 503
Cdd:cd22008    8 NKP--KKPASSYLLFGKEYRKKLQEERPGANNATVTALISLKWKELGEEEKQVYNDKAAVLMEKYKKEVEEYN 78

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in the high mobility group protein 20 (HMG20) subfamily; The HMG20 subfamily includes HMG20A and HMG20B. HMG20A, also called HMG box-containing protein 20A, HMG domain-containing protein 1, HMG domain-containing protein HMGX1, HMGXB1, or iBRAF, is a chromatin-associated protein involved in neuronal differentiation and maturation. It is required for SNAI1-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition. HMG20A acts as an inhibitor of HMG20B. HMG20B, also called SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1-related, SMARCE1-related protein (SMARCE1R), BRCA2-associated factor 35 (BRAF35), HMG box-containing protein 20B, HMG domain-containing protein 2, HMG domain-containing protein HMGX2, Sox-like transcriptional factor, or structural DNA-binding protein BRAF35, is a DNA binding factor that acts as a repressor of erythroid differentiation. It is required for correct progression through the G2 phase of the cell cycle and entry into mitosis. It is also required for RCOR1/CoREST mediated repression of neuronal specific gene promoters. HMG20B is a core subunit of the Lys-specific demethylase 1/REST co-repressor 1 (LSD1-CoREST) histone demethylase complex. Both HMG20A and HMG20B contain one HMG-box.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 387157920 436 KRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDYKY 504
Cdd:cd21980    3 KAPLTGYVRFLNERREKLRAENPDLSFPEITKILGAEWSSLSAEEKQKYLDEAEKDKERYVKELEAYQQ 71

second high mobility group (HMG)-box found in the high mobility group protein B (HMGB) family; HMGB proteins are chromatin-associated nuclear proteins that act as architectural factors in nucleoprotein structures, which regulate DNA-dependent processes including transcription. In mammals, four family members are present: HMGB1, HMGB2, HMGB3 and HMGB4. They regulate the expression of a wide range of genes through architectural remodeling of the chromatin structure. HMGB1, also called high mobility group protein 1 (HMG-1), is a prototypical alarmin or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule when released from cells. It plays important roles in the regulation of a wide range of processes, including transcription, replication, DNA repair, and nucleosome formation, in the nucleus. It also plays multiple roles in regulating inflammation and responses to cell and tissue stress. HMGB2, also called high mobility group protein 2 (HMG-2), has been implicated in numerous cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumor growth. It acts as a chromatin-associated nonhistone protein involved in transcriptional regulation and nucleic-acid-mediated innate immune responses in mammalian. It binds DNA to stabilize nucleosomes and promote transcription. HMGB3, also called high mobility group protein 2a (HMG-2a), or high mobility group protein 4 (HMG-4), is an X-linked member of HMGB family and functions as a universal sentinel for nucleic acid-mediated innate immune responses. HMGB3 has been implicated in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation, as well as inflammatory response. HMGB4 is expressed by neuronal cells and affects the expression of genes involved in neural differentiation. It is a factor that regulates chromatin and expression of neuronal differentiation markers. The family also includes high mobility group protein B1 pseudogene 1 (HMGB1P1) and nuclear auto-antigen Sp-100. HMGB1P1, also called putative high mobility group protein B1-like 1 (HMGB1L1), or putative high mobility group protein 1-like 1 (HMG-1L1), is an HMG-box containing protein that binds preferentially single-stranded DNA and unwinds double-stranded DNA. Sp-100, also called nuclear dot-associated Sp100 protein, or speckled 100 kDa. It is a tumor suppressor that is a major constituent of the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies, a subnuclear organelle involved in many physiological processes including cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Through the regulation of ETS1, Sp-100 may play a role in angiogenesis, controlling endothelial cell motility and invasion. It may also play roles in the regulation of telomeres lengthening, TP53-mediated transcription, FAS-mediated apoptosis, etc. In addition, the family includes Drosophila melanogaster high mobility group protein DSP1 (dDSP1) and similar proteins. dDSP1, also called protein dorsal switch 1, is a Drosophila HMG1 protein that binds preferentially single-stranded DNA and unwinds double-stranded DNA. It converts Dorsal and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B from transcriptional activators to repressors. Members of the HMGB family contain two HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the second one.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 387157920 431 NEPhiKRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDYK 503
Cdd:cd21979    1 NAP--KRPPSAFFLFCSEHRPKIKGEHPGLSIGDVAKKLGEMWNNTSAKDKQPYEKKAAKLKEKYEKDIAAYR 71

HMG-box domain; This short 71 residue domain is an HMG-box domain. HMG-box domains mediate re-modelling of chromatin-structure. Mammalian HMG-box proteins are of two types: those that are non-sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins with two HMG-box domains and a long highly acidic C-tail; and a diverse group of sequence-specific transcription factor-proteins with either a single HMG-box or up to six copies, and no acidic C-tail.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 387157920  436 KRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPyYEEQARLSKQ 494
Cdd:pfam09011   5 KRARNAYAFFVQEMIPEHKRQNPVIGFAEVSKLCSERWKNLSEEEKEK-YEEMAKEDKN 62

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in protein polybromo-1 (PB1) and similar proteins; PB1, also called BRG1-associated factor 180 (BAF180), or polybromo-1D, is a subunit of the PBAF (polybromo/Brg1-associated factor) chromatin-remodeling complex required for kinetochore localization during mitosis and the transcription of estrogen-responsive genes. It is involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling. It acts as a negative regulator of cell proliferation.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 387157920 436 KRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQ 494
Cdd:cd21984    1 KRNPSGYILFSSEVRKSIKAENPDYSFGEISRLVGTEWRNLPAEKKAEYEERAQKQAEQ 59

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe mismatch-binding protein cmb1 and similar proteins; Cmb1 binds to cytosines in base mismatches and opposite chemically altered guanines. It contains only one HMG-box domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 387157920 436 KRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKilqafPDMHNSNI--SKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKY 499
Cdd:cd22014    2 KRPPSPFLLFMEEFRRN-----EDNGKNLVelSRIAAEAWKNMSEDEKQPYIDRAKELLEEYKKQL 62

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in protein maelstrom (MAEL) and similar proteins; MAEL is an RNA-binding protein that has evolved from an ancient nuclease active in protists. It plays a central role during spermatogenesis by repressing transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for germline integrity. It acts via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 387157920 436 KRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQA---FPDMHNsnISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPyYEEQARLSKQ 494
Cdd:cd21992    1 KKKKNAFYFFMLELKPELERKgknFPGMAE--AAPLASPKWKSLSPEEKEP-YEEMAKEEKE 59

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in high mobility group protein 20A (HMG20A) and similar proteins; HMG20A, also called HMG box-containing protein 20A, HMG domain-containing protein 1 (HMGXB1), HMG domain-containing protein HMGX1, HMGXB1, or iBRAF, is a chromatin-associated protein involved in neuronal differentiation and maturation. It is required for SNAI1-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition. HMG20A acts as an inhibitor of HMG20B.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 387157920 423 RESRGRGSNEPhiKRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDY 502
Cdd:cd22017   11 RKKPLRDSNAP--KAPLTGYVRFMNERREQLRAERPDVPFPEITRMLGNEWSKLPAEEKQRYLDEAEKDKERYMKELEQY 88

                 .
gi 387157920 503 K 503
Cdd:cd22017   89 Q 89

sixth high mobility group (HMG)-box found in upstream-binding factor 1 (UBF1) and similar proteins; UBF1, also called UBTF, nucleolar transcription factor 1, or auto-antigen NOR-90, is a nucleolar transcription factor that recognizes the ribosomal RNA gene promoter and activates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I through cooperative interactions with the transcription factor SL1/TIF-IB complex. It binds specifically to the upstream control element. UBF1 contains six HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the sixth one. This model also includes the second HMG-box domain of upstream-binding factor 1-like protein 1 (UBTFL1), which contains two HMG-box domains.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 387157920 436 KRPMNAFMVWAKDerrkILQAFPDMHNSNISKI--LGSRWKAMTNLEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEKYPDYK 503
Cdd:cd22003    5 KPPMSGYQLFSQE----MLKNGELVHLSLKERMveIAKRWKRLSESEKDKYKKKAEELQKQYKKKLDKYL 70

first high mobility group (HMG)-box found in upstream-binding factor 1 (UBF1) and similar proteins; UBF1, also called UBTF, nucleolar transcription factor 1, or auto-antigen NOR-90, is a nucleolar transcription factor that recognizes the ribosomal RNA gene promoter and activates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I through cooperative interactions with the transcription factor SL1/TIF-IB complex. It binds specifically to the upstream control element. UBF1 contains six HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the first one. This model also includes the first HMG-box domain of upstream-binding factor 1-like protein 1 (UBTFL1), which contains two HMG-box domains.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 387157920 436 KRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNLEKQPY---YEEQARLSKQHLEKY 499
Cdd:cd21998    5 KKPLTPYFRFFMEKRAKYAKKHPEMSNLELTKILSKKYKELPEKKKQKYiqdYEKEKEEYEQKMARF 71

fourth high mobility group (HMG)-box found in upstream-binding factor 1 (UBF1) and similar proteins; UBF1, also called UBTF, nucleolar transcription factor 1, or auto-antigen NOR-90, is a nucleolar transcription factor that recognizes the ribosomal RNA gene promoter and activates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I through cooperative interactions with the transcription factor SL1/TIF-IB complex. It binds specifically to the upstream control element. UBF1 contains six HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the fourth one.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 387157920 434 HIKRPMNAFMVWAKDERRKILQAFPDMHNSNISKILGSRWKAMTNlEKQPYYEEQARLSKQHLEK 498
Cdd:cd22001    2 KPKRPISAMFIYSKEKRSKLKKKHPELSEQELTRLLAKKYNELPD-KKKAKYKKKEALAKAEYEK 65