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Gammaproteobacterial periplasmic sensor domain GAPES4 (GAmmaproteobacterial PEriplasmic Sensor) domain is a periplasmic sensor domain found in various GGDEF- and EAL-containing proteins. In Escherichia coli, GAPES4 forms the N-terminal domain of the regulatory protein CsrD (YhdA), which contains enzymatically inactive GGDEF and EAL domains and controls CsrD) that controls the degradation of two non-coding RNAs, CsrB and CsrC. In Vibrio cholerae, GAPES4-containing protein MshH inhibits biofilm formation, apparently acting through the glucose-specific enzyme IIA (pfam00358).
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