This entry represents the transmembrane segments from a diverse range of transporter proteins from the tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transport system, in which the driving force for solute accumulation is an electrochemical ion gradient and not ATP hydrolyzis. The first TRAP transporter to be characterised was the high-affinity C4-dicarboxylate transport (Dct) system from Rhodobacter capsulatus which consists of ESR (DctP) and small (DctQ) and large (DctM) integral membrane proteins. In general, C4-dicarboxylate transport systems allow C4-dicarboxylates like succinate, fumarate, and malate to be taken up. This entry also includes SiaM (involved in sialic acid uptake) and YiaN (involved in the uptake of 2,3-diketo-L-gulonate).