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Cancer Associated Small Integral Membrane Open reading frame 1 (CASIMO1) The Cancer-Associated Small Integral Membrane Open reading frame 1 (CASIMO1), a small open reading frame (sORF)-encoded protein (also known as a microprotein), controls cell proliferation and interacts with squalene epoxidase (SQLE) modulating lipid droplet formation. CASIMO1 RNA is overexpressed predominantly in hormone receptor-positive breast tumors, and its knockdown has been shown to decrease proliferation in multiple breast cancer cell lines. Loss of CASIMO1 disturbs the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, leads to inhibition of cell motility, and stalls the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. CASIMO1 interacts with SQLE, a key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis and a known oncogene in breast cancer. This family contains two variants expressed on different chromosomes in humans, small integral membrane protein 5 (SMIM5) and small integral membrane protein 22 (SMIM22). |
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