RIG-I (Retinoic acid-inducible gene I protein), also called DEAD box protein 58 (DDX58), is a pathogen-recognition receptor that recognizes viral 5'-triphosphates carrying double-stranded RNA. Upon binding to these microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), RIG-I forms oligomers and promotes downstream processes that result in type I interferon production and induction of an antiviral state. The optimal ligand for RIG-I has been found to be base-paired or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules containing a 5' triphosphate (5'-ppp-dsRNA). RIG-I contains two N-terminal caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs), which are required for interaction with IPS-1, a superfamily 2 helicase/translocase/ATPase (SF2) domain and a C-terminal regulatory/repressor domain (RD). RIG-I is a member of the DEAD-like helicase superfamily, a diverse family of proteins involved in ATP-dependent RNA or DNA unwinding. This domain contains the ATP-binding region.
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