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Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain PLEKHM1 is thought to function in vesicular transport in osteoclasts. Mutations in the PLEKHM1 gene are associated with osteopetrosis OPTB6. PLEKHM1 contains an N-terminal RUN domain (RPIP8/RaP2 interacting protein 8, UNC-14 and NESCA/new molecule containing SH3 at the carboxyl-terminus), followed by a PH domain, and either a C1 domain or a DUF4206 domain at its C-terminus. The RUN domain is thought to be involved in Rab-mediated membrane trafficking, possibly as a Rab-binding site. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes. |
Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",