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C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 2 Microtubule-associated protein/microtubule affinity regulating kinases (MARKs), also called partition-defective (Par-1) kinases, are serine/threonine protein kinases (STKs) that catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to S/T residues on protein substrates. They phosphorylate the tau protein and related microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) on tubulin binding sites to induce detachment from microtubules, and are involved in the regulation of cell shape and polarity, cell cycle control, transport, and the cytoskeleton. Mammals contain four proteins, MARK1-4, encoded by distinct genes belonging to this subfamily, with additional isoforms arising from alternative splicing. MARK2, also called Par-1b or ELKL motif kinase 1 (EMK-1), is implicated in many physiological processes including fertility, immune system homeostasis, learning and memory, growth, and metabolism. It also regulates axon formation and has been implicated in neurodegeneration. MARKs contain an N-terminal catalytic kinase domain, a ubiquitin-associated domain (UBA), and a C-terminal kinase associated domain (KA1). The KA1 domain binds anionic phospholipids and may be involved in membrane localization as well as in auto-inhibition of the kinase domain. |
Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",