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Putative glycerate dehydrogenase and related proteins of the D-specific 2-hydroxy dehydrogenase family This group contains a variety of proteins variously identified as glycerate dehydrogenase (GDH, aka Hydroxypyruvate Reductase) and other enzymes of the 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. GDH catalyzes the reversible reaction of (R)-glycerate + NAD+ to hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+. 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of a wide variety of D-2-hydroxy acids to their corresponding keto acids. The general mechanism is (R)-lactate + acceptor to pyruvate + reduced acceptor. Formate/glycerate and related dehydrogenases of the D-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily include groups such as formate dehydrogenase, glycerate dehydrogenase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Despite often low sequence identity, these proteins typically have a characteristic arrangement of 2 similar subdomains of the alpha/beta Rossmann-fold NAD+ binding form. The NAD+ binding domain is inserted within the linear sequence of the mostly N-terminal catalytic domain, which has a similar domain structure to the internal NAD binding domain. Structurally, these domains are connected by extended alpha helices and create a cleft in which NAD is bound, primarily to the C-terminal portion of the 2nd (internal) domain. Some related proteins have similar structural subdomain but with a tandem arrangement of the catalytic and NAD-binding subdomains in the linear sequence. While many members of this family are dimeric, alanine DH is hexameric and phosphoglycerate DH is tetrameric. |
Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",