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C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Chloride Intracellular Channel 4 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) C-terminal domain family, Chloride Intracellular Channel (CLIC) 4 subfamily; CLICs are auto-inserting, self-assembling intracellular anion channels involved in a wide variety of functions including regulated secretion, cell division, and apoptosis. They can exist in both water-soluble and membrane-bound states and are found in various vesicles and membranes, and they may play roles in the maintenance of these intracellular membranes. The membrane localization domain is present in the N-terminal part of the protein. Structures of soluble CLICs reveal that they adopt a fold similar to GSTs, containing an N-terminal domain with a thioredoxin fold and a C-terminal alpha helical domain. CLIC4, also known as p64H1, is expressed ubiquitously and its localization varies depending on the nature of the cells and tissues, from the plasma membrane to subcellular compartments including the nucleus, mitochondria, ER, and the trans-Golgi network, among others. In response to cellular stress such as DNA damage and senescence, cytoplasmic CLIC4 translocates to the nucleus, where it acts on the TGF-beta pathway. Studies on knockout mice suggest that CLIC4 also plays an important role in angiogenesis, specifically in network formation, capillary sprouting, and lumen formation. CLIC4 has been found to induce apoptosis in several cell types and to retard the growth of grafted tumors in vivo. |
Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",