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Histone deacetylase (HDAC) classes I, II, IV and related proteins The HDAC/HDAC-like family includes Zn-dependent histone deacetylase classes I, II and IV (class III HDACs, also called sirtuins, are NAD-dependent and structurally unrelated, and therefore not part of this family). Histone deacetylases catalyze hydrolysis of N(6)-acetyl-lysine residues in histone amino termini to yield a deacetylated histone (EC 3.5.1.98), as opposed to the acetylation reaction by some histone acetyltransferases (EC 2.3.1.48). Deacetylases of this family are involved in signal transduction through histone and other protein modification, and can repress/activate transcription of a number of different genes. They usually act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. They are involved in various cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, DNA damage response, embryonic development, cytokine signaling important for immune response and post-translational control of the acetyl coenzyme A synthetase. In mammals, they are known to be involved in progression of different tumors. Specific inhibitors of mammalian histone deacetylases are an emerging class of promising novel anticancer drugs. |
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