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Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP)/Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) Kinase Kinase 3 STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. MEKK3 is a MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MKKK), that phosphorylates and activates the MAPK kinase MEK5 (or MKK5), which in turn phosphorylates and activates ERK5. The ERK5 cascade plays roles in promoting cell proliferation, differentiation, neuronal survival, and neuroprotection. MEKK3 plays an essential role in embryonic angiogenesis and early heart development. In addition, MEKK3 is involved in interleukin-1 receptor and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. It is also a specific regulator of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and GM-CSF in some immune cells. MEKK3 also regulates calcineurin, which plays a critical role in T cell activation, apoptosis, skeletal myocyte differentiation, and cardiac hypertrophy. The MEKK3 subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. |
Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",