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Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase, Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor PTKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. IGF-1R is a receptor PTK (RTK) that is composed of two alphabeta heterodimers. Binding of the ligand (IGF-1 or IGF-2) to the extracellular alpha subunit activates the intracellular tyr kinase domain of the transmembrane beta subunit. Receptor activation leads to autophosphorylation, which stimulates downstream kinase activities and biological function. IGF-1R signaling is important in the differentiation, growth, and survival of normal cells. In cancer cells, where it is frequently overexpressed, IGF-1R is implicated in proliferation, the suppression of apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. IGF-1R is being developed as a therapeutic target in cancer treatment. The IGF-1R subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. |
Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",