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Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinases, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors PTKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. The VEGFR subfamily consists of VEGFR1 (Flt1), VEGFR2 (Flk1), VEGFR3 (Flt4), and similar proteins. VEGFR subfamily members are receptor PTKss (RTKs) containing an extracellular ligand-binding region with seven immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, a transmembrane segment, and an intracellular catalytic domain. In VEGFR3, the fifth Ig-like domain is replaced by a disulfide bridge. The binding of VEGFRs to their ligands, the VEGFs, leads to receptor dimerization, activation, and intracellular signaling. There are five VEGF ligands in mammals, which bind, in an overlapping pattern to the three VEGFRs, which can form homo or heterodimers. VEGFRs regulate the cardiovascular system. They are critical for vascular development during embryogenesis and blood vessel formation in adults. They induce cellular functions common to other growth factor receptors such as cell migration, survival, and proliferation. The VEGFR subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. |
Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",