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Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOD) like proteins. DHOD catalyzes the oxidation of (S)-dihydroorotate to orotate. This is the fourth step and the only redox reaction in the de novo biosynthesis of UMP, the precursor of all pyrimidine nucleotides. DHOD requires FMN as co-factor. DHOD divides into class 1 and class 2 based on their amino acid sequences and cellular location. Members of class 1 are cytosolic enzymes and multimers while class 2 enzymes are membrane associated and monomeric. The class 1 enzymes can be further divided into subtypes 1A and 1B which are homodimers and heterotetrameric proteins, respectively. This subgroup has the conserved FMN binding site, but lacks some catalytic residues and may therefore be inactive.
Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",