Rho_CSD: Rho protein cold-shock domain (CSD). Rho protein is a transcription termination factor in most bacteria. In bacteria, there are two distinct mechanisms for mRNA transcription termination. In intrinsic termination, RNA polymerase and nascent mRNA are released from DNA template by an mRNA stem loop structure, which resembles the transcription termination mechanism used by eukaryotic pol III. The second mechanism is mediated by Rho factor. Rho factor terminates transcription by using energy from ATP hydrolysis to forcibly dissociate the transcripts from RNA polymerase. Rho protein contains an N-terminal S1-like domain, which binds single-stranded RNA. Rho has a C-terminal ATPase domain which hydrolyzes ATP to provide energy to strip RNA polymerase and mRNA from the DNA template. Rho functions as a homohexamer.
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