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Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (TNFR)-Associated Factor (TRAF) family, TRAF4 subfamily, TRAF domain, C-terminal MATH subdomain; composed of proteins with similarity to human TRAF4, including the Drosophila protein DTRAF1. TRAF molecules serve as adapter proteins that link TNFRs and downstream kinase cascades resulting in the activation of transcription factors and the regulation of cell survival, proliferation and stress responses. TRAF4 is highly expressed during embryogenesis, especially in the central and peripheral nervous system. Studies using TRAF4-deficient mice show that TRAF4 is required for neurogenesis, as well as the development of the trachea and the axial skeleton. In addition, TRAF4 augments nuclear factor-kappaB activation triggered by GITR (glucocorticoid-induced TNFR), a receptor expressed in T-cells, B-cells and macrophages. It also participates in counteracting the signaling mediated by Toll-like receptors through its association with TRAF6 and TRIF. DTRAF1 plays a pivotal role in the development of eye imaginal discs and photosensory neuron arrays in Drosophila. TRAF4 contains a RING finger domain, seven zinc finger domains, and a TRAF domain. The TRAF domain can be divided into a more divergent N-terminal alpha helical region (TRAF-N), and a highly conserved C-terminal MATH subdomain (TRAF-C) with an eight-stranded beta-sandwich structure. TRAF-N mediates trimerization while TRAF-C interacts with receptors.
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