Face pareidolia in the brain: Impact of gender and orientation

PLoS One. 2020 Dec 31;15(12):e0244516. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244516. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

Research on face sensitivity is of particular relevance during the rapidly evolving Covid-19 pandemic leading to social isolation, but also calling for intact interaction and sharing. Humans possess high sensitivity even to a coarse face scheme, seeing faces in non-face images where real faces do not exist. The advantage of non-face images is that single components do not trigger face processing. Here by implementing a novel set of Face-n-Thing images, we examined (i) how face tuning alters with changing display orientation, and (ii) whether it is affected by observers' gender. Young females and males were presented with a set of Face-n-Thing images either with canonical upright orientation or inverted 180° in the image plane. Face impression was substantially impeded by display inversion. Furthermore, whereas with upright display orientation, no gender differences were found, with inversion, Face-n-Thing images elicited face impression in females significantly more often. The outcome sheds light on the origins of the face inversion effect in general. Moreover, the findings open a way for examination of face sensitivity and underwriting brain networks in neuropsychiatric conditions related to the current pandemic (such as depression and anxiety), most of which are gender/sex-specific.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Brain / physiopathology*
  • COVID-19 / epidemiology
  • COVID-19 / physiopathology*
  • Facial Recognition*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Nerve Net / physiopathology*
  • Orientation*
  • Pattern Recognition, Visual*
  • SARS-CoV-2*
  • Sex Characteristics*

Grants and funding

German Research Council (DFG; Research Grant PA847/25-1) and the Reinhold Beitlich Foundation to MAP. Valentina Romagnano’s work in this project was within the Program Erasmus+/KA1 Traineeship funded by the European Union, MIUR, and University of Trento, Italy. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The authors acknowledge support toward open access publishing by the Open Access Publishing Fund of Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen.