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Toxicity of the organophosphate chemical warfare agents GA, GB, and VX: implications for public protection.

Munro N.

Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Jan;102(1):18-38. Review.PMID: 9719666 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Currently used cholinesterase reactivators against nerve agent intoxication: comparison of their effectivity in vitro.

Kuca K, Jun D, Bajgar J.

Drug Chem Toxicol. 2007;30(1):31-40.PMID: 17364862 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Review of the U.S. Army's health risk assessments for oral exposure to six chemical-warfare agents. Introduction.

[No authors listed]

J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2000 Mar;59(5-6):281-526.PMID: 10742829 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Chemical warfare. Toxicity of nerve agents.

Martin T, Lobert S.

Crit Care Nurse. 2003 Oct;23(5):15-20; quiz 21-2. Review. No abstract available. PMID: 14606123 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Modifications to the organophosphorus nerve agent-protein adduct refluoridation method for retrospective analysis of nerve agent exposures.

Holland KE, Solano MI, Johnson RC, Maggio VL, Barr JR.

J Anal Toxicol. 2008 Jan-Feb;32(1):116-24.PMID: 18269803 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Degradation of nerve agents by an organophosphate-degrading agent (OpdA).

Dawson RM, Pantelidis S, Rose HR, Kotsonis SE.

J Hazard Mater. 2008 Sep 15;157(2-3):308-14. Epub 2008 Jan 4.PMID: 18258361 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

A review of nerve agent exposure for the critical care physician.

Leikin JB, Thomas RG, Walter FG, Klein R, Meislin HW.

Crit Care Med. 2002 Oct;30(10):2346-54. Review.PMID: 12394966 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Organophosphate nerve agent toxicity in Hydra attenuata.

Lum KT, Huebner HJ, Li Y, Phillips TD, Raushel FM.

Chem Res Toxicol. 2003 Aug;16(8):953-7.PMID: 12924922 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

[Neurological effects of chemical and biological weapons]

Inoue N.

Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2003 Nov;43(11):880-2. Review. Japanese. PMID: 15152492 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Evidence for nonacetylcholinesterase targets of organophosphorus nerve agent: supersensitivity of acetylcholinesterase knockout mouse to VX lethality.

Duysen EG, Li B, Xie W, Schopfer LM, Anderson RS, Broomfield CA, Lockridge O.

J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Nov;299(2):528-35.PMID: 11602663 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articlesFree article

Human butyrylcholinesterase as a general prophylactic antidote for nerve agent toxicity. In vitro and in vivo quantitative characterization.

Raveh L, Grunwald J, Marcus D, Papier Y, Cohen E, Ashani Y.

Biochem Pharmacol. 1993 Jun 22;45(12):2465-74.PMID: 8328984 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Analogues with fluorescent leaving groups for screening and selection of enzymes that efficiently hydrolyze organophosphorus nerve agents.

Briseño-Roa L, Hill J, Notman S, Sellers D, Smith AP, Timperley CM, Wetherell J, Williams NH, Williams GR, Fersht AR, Griffiths AD.

J Med Chem. 2006 Jan 12;49(1):246-55.PMID: 16392809 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Efficacy of biperiden and atropine as anticonvulsant treatment for organophosphorus nerve agent intoxication.

Shih TM, McDonough JH.

Arch Toxicol. 2000 May;74(3):165-72.PMID: 10877003 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Relative potency estimates of acceptable residues and reentry intervals after nerve agent release.

Watson AP, Jones TD, Adams JD.

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1992 Jun;23(3):328-42.PMID: 1376237 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

An animal model to study health effects during continuous low-dose exposure to the nerve agent VX.

Rocksén D, Elfsmark D, Heldestad V, Wallgren K, Cassel G, Göransson Nyberg A.

Toxicology. 2008 Aug 19;250(1):32-8. Epub 2008 Jul 9.PMID: 18614271 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Medical countermeasure against respiratory toxicity and acute lung injury following inhalation exposure to chemical warfare nerve agent VX.

Nambiar MP, Gordon RK, Rezk PE, Katos AM, Wajda NA, Moran TS, Steele KE, Doctor BP, Sciuto AM.

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2007 Mar;219(2-3):142-50. Epub 2006 Nov 7.PMID: 17188727 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Subchronic exposure to low-doses of the nerve agent VX: physiological, behavioral, histopathological and neurochemical studies.

Bloch-Shilderman E, Rabinovitz I, Egoz I, Raveh L, Allon N, Grauer E, Gilat E, Weissman BA.

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 Aug 15;231(1):17-23. Epub 2008 Apr 11.PMID: 18485435 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Effects of whole-body VX vapor exposure on lethality in rats.

Benton BJ, McGuire JM, Sommerville DR, Dabisch PA, Jakubowski EM, Matson KL, Mioduszewski RJ, Thomson SA, Crouse CL.

Inhal Toxicol. 2006 Dec;18(14):1091-9.PMID: 17050346 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Facile hydrolysis-based chemical destruction of the warfare agents VX, GB, and HD by alumina-supported fluoride reagents.

Gershonov E, Columbus I, Zafrani Y.

J Org Chem. 2009 Jan 2;74(1):329-38.PMID: 19053582 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles

Evaluation of a barrier cream against the chemical warfare agent VX using the domestic white pig.

Chilcott RP, Dalton CH, Hill I, Davison CM, Blohm KL, Clarkson ED, Hamilton MG.

Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005 Jul;97(1):35-8.PMID: 15943757 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Related articles